CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

( Kalimat Pengandaian )

A. DEFINITION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

 What is a conditional sentence?

Conditional sentences connect two things: a condition and a result. Something

happens as a result of something else, or happens only if a certain condition
is met.

The condition and the result can be real or imagined and can refer to past,
present or future time. The condition part of the sentence is called the if clause,
or sometimes the conditional clause. The result part of the sentence is known
as the result clause, or sometimes the main clause. 

The conditional clause and the main clause can be in any order. If the if clause is
first, there is a comma between the clauses. There is no comma if the result
clause is first.

There are different structures for conditionals, including four types known
as zero, first, second and third conditionals.

Here are some examples:

If you heat water enough, it boils. Zero conditional

If I go to the shops, I'll get some milk. First conditional

If I won the lottery, I'd still carry on working. Second conditional

If I hadn't missed the bus, I wouldn't have met the love of my life. Third
conditional.

In this occasion we will study together conditional type 2 ( Second Conditional )

and conditional type 3 ( Third Conditional )

B. Conditional Sentence Type 2 ( Present Conditional )

Present Conditional or Conditional Type 2 expresses a hope or an expectation that

contradicts with what is happening now, so it describes what is probably not going to
be true or is contrary to fact.

The conditional Type 2 is formed by putting Simple Past Tense as a sub-clause

and Past Future Tense as the main Clause.

Examples :
 a. If I had much money , I would buy a new car.
b. She would not give you a present if you were lazy.
c. If Blitar were not in Red Zone, we could study together in the school.
d. If it didn’t rain tonight , I would invite you to see a movie.
e. If I were a president, I would build this school.
f. We would not get a punishment if we did not come late to the school.

The following is the fact of the above example :

a. I don’t have much money so I don’t buy a new car.
b. She doesn’t give a present because you are lazy.
c. We can not study together in the school because Blitar is in red Zone.
d. I don’t invite you to see a movie because it rain tonight.
e. I am not a president so I don’t build this school.
f. We get a punishment because we come late to the school.

The form of Conditional type 2.

If + Subject + Verb 2 ( Past ) + Object, Subject + would + Verb 1 ( Present ) + Object

C. Conditional Type 3 ( Past Conditional )

This conditional expresses a hope or an expectation that contradicts with what
already happen in the past, so it describes what is probably not going to be true or is
contrary to fact in past.

Conditional sentence type 3 is formed by putting past perfect as sub-clause, and

past future perfect as the main clause.

Examples :
a. If I had had much money at that time , I would have bought a new car.
b. She would not have given you a present if you had been lazy.
c. If Blitar had not been in Red Zone, we could have studied together in the school.
d. If it hadn’t rain tonight , I would have invited you to see a movie.
e. If I had been a president, I would have built this school.
f. We would not have gotten a punishment if we have not been come late to the
school.

The following is the fact of the above example :

a. I didn’t have much money so I didn’t buy a new car.
b. She didn’t give a present because you were lazy.
c. We could not study together in the school because Blitar was in red Zone.
 d. I didn’t invite you to see a movie because it rained tonight.
e. I was not a president so I didn’t build this school.
f. We got a punishment because we came late to the school.

The form of Conditional type 3.

T
If + Subject + Verb 3 ( Perfect) + O, Subject + would + have + Verb 3 (Perfect ) + O

You can visit the following link to add the material

[Link]

[Link]

D. Contoh soal TOEFL , Conditional Sentence .

1. If the students _____ late to submit the scholarship application to the board, they
will not be listed as candidates.
    A. be
    B. are
    C. were
    D. have

Jawaban : B
Keyword :will not be listed
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat conditional atau pengandaian tipe 1
karena ada kata if dan will + V1. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah are karena
tense-nya present.

2. If your brother ______ here, he ______ us with this works.

    A. is - would help
    B. was - will help
    C. were - will help
    D. were - would help

Jawaban : D
Keyword :If
Pembahasan : Pasangan yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah
pilihan D karena sesuai dengan pola pengandaian tipe 2.

3. Aldo : Did you attend the meeting last Monday?

    Fery : I would if I had been invited.
    The underlined utterance means ______.
    A. Fery didn’t attend the meeting
    B. Fery plans to attend the meeting
    C. Fery knew about the meeting and he attended the meeting
    D. Fery was not invited to the meeting but he came

Jawaban : A
Keyword :I would if I had been invited
Pembahasan : Kalimat pada jawaban berarti “Saya mungkin akan datang jika
diundang.” Jadi Fery tidak datang pada pertemuan itu (Fery didn’t attend the
meeting).

4. You _____ the job if you were not late to the interview.
    A. would get
    B. would be gotten
    C. would have gotten
    D. would have been gotten

Jawaban : A
Keyword :were not late
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S
+ V2, S + would + V1.

5. We would get the tickets, ______

    A. Weren’t there so much rush at the cinema
    B. Because there were so much rush at the cinema
    C. There were not so much rush at the cinema
    D. Although there were so much rush at the cinema

Jawaban : D
Keyword :would get
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S
+ V2, S + would + V1.

6. Fortunately you assisted to push the car. If you hadn’t helped him, he ______
with you.
    A. will get angry
    B. would have gotten angry
    C. should angry
    D. would get angry

Jawaban : B
Keyword :hadn’t helped
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S
+ had + V3, S + would + have + V3.

7. If Rani were not busy at the moment, she would go out with me, said Maria.
    From Maria’s utterance we know that Rani ______ with her.
    A. goes
    B. went
    C. didn’t go
    D. doesn’t go

Jawaban : D
Keyword :would go
Pembahasan : Pernyataan tipe 2 jika dijadikan kenyataan berubah menjadi
kalimat dengan menggunakan bentuk present tense, dan jika
kalimatnya positif berubah menjadi negatif dan sebaliknya.

8. ______ her shyness, she would have become a great teacher.

    A. She had overcome
    B. If had she overcome
    C. If she overcame
    D. If she would overcome

Jawaban : B
Keyword :would have become
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + had
+ V3, S + would + have + V3.

9. If we don’t hurry, the meeting ______ by the time we get there.

    A. would have started
    B. will have started
    C. will be started
    D. will start

Jawaban : D
Keyword :don’t hurry
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 1. Polanya adalah If + S + V1,
S + will + V1.

10. If I had a lot of time, I would study German.

    From this sentence we know that _____.
    A. I have a lot of time, so I study German
    B. I studied German because I had a lot of time
    C. I want to study German because I have a lot of time
    D. I would like to study German, but I don’t have much time

Jawaban : D
Keyword :If I had a lot of time, I would study German
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2, yang subjeknya
tidak mempunyai kemungkinan untuk mencapai tujuan pengandaiannya. Jadi kita
dapat menyimpulkan bahwa I would like to study German, but I don’t have much
time.

11. If studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam.

Jawaban : A
Keyword :If studied
Pembahasan : Kalimat dengan if di sini belum mempunyai subjek. Selain itu dari
bentuknya kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa ini adalah pengandaian tipe 3.
Polanya adalah If S + had + V3, S + would + have + V3. Jadi studied seharusnya
diganti he had studied.

12. If the United States had not entered the Second World War, probably the
1940 unemployment rate of 14% would rise still further.

Jawaban : D
Keyword :had not entered
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + had
+ V3, S + would + have + V3. Jadi would rise seharusnya diganti would have risen.

13. George would certainly have attended the proceedings were he not had

a flat tire.

Jawaban : C
Keyword :would certainly have attended
Pembahasan : Karena kalimat ini merupakan pengandaian tipe 3 dengan
menghilangkan if, maka penggunaan were tidak tepat. Seharusnya digunakan
had.

14. Physical fitness exercises can cause injuries if the participants do not

careful.

Jawaban : D
Keyword :careful
Pembahasan : Karena careful bukan kata kerja, maka auxiliary yang digunakan
adalah are.

15. If the oxygen supply in the atmosphere was not replenished by plants, it

would soon be exhausted.

Jawaban : B
Keyword :If
Pembahasan : Dalam conditional tidak boleh diggunakan auxiliary “was” tetapi
diganti dengan were.