Formula Sheet

Population Sample

(μ )=
∑x ( x )=
∑x
Mean N Mean n
Median = value in middle of data when Median = value in middle of data when
arranged in numerical order arranged in numerical order
Mode = most frequently occurring Mode = most frequently occurring
value value
Weighted Mean
w1 x 1 + w2 x 2 +. ..+ wn x n ∑ wx
( x w )= =
w1 + w2 + .. .+ w n ∑w
Geometric mean
(GM )=√( x 1 )( x 2 )( x3 ).. .( x n )
n

Ungrouped
Geometric mean percentage increase

= (√
n ( value at end of period )
(value at beginning of period )
−1 )
( s2 )=∑
(x −x )2
(σ 2
)=
∑ (x−μ )2
n−1
Variance N 2
2 (∑ x )
Variance ∑ x −n
=
n−1
Standard Deviation σ =√ σ 2 Standard Deviation s= √ s2

∑ fx = ∑ fx ( x )=
∑ fx = ∑ fx
(μ )=
N ∑f Mean n ∑f
Mean

( )
1
n−F m−1

( )
1 2
2
n−F m−1 =L+ c
=L+ c fm
fm Median
Median

Grouped
=L+
( Δ1
Δ1 + Δ2
c
) Mode
=L+
( Δ1
Δ1 + Δ2
c
)
Mode
∑ f ( x−μ )2 (s 2 )=
∑ f ( x−x )2
2
(σ )= n−1
N
(∑ fx )
2

∑ fx 2 − ∑ fx
( )
2
∑ fx − 2
Variance =
∑f ∑f Variance =
∑f
∑ f −1
σ =√ σ 2
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation s= √ s2
 σ s
CV = CV =
μ x
Coefficient of Variation Coefficient of Variation

1. Probability of a union
P( A ∩ B)
2. Conditional probability P ( B| A )=
P ( A)

P( A∩B )=P( A )⋅P(B / A )

3. Probability of an intersection
4. Probability of the complement P ( A ' )=1−P( A )

n x n−x
¿ C p q
5. Binomial probability x

6. Mean of a Binomial and Poisson = np

npq
7. Variance of a binomial =

ƛ x e− ƛ
8. Poisson Probability = x!

E ( X ) =¿ μ=∑ x⋅P( x) ¿
9. Mean of a Probability Distribution Function

σ =∑ x P( x)−μ
2 2 2

10. Variance of a Probability Distribution Function

^y =a+bx
11. Regression equation

12. Regression equation

13. Regression equation

14. Coefficient of determination

 n ( ∑ XY )−( ∑ X )( ∑ Y )
r=

15. Correlation coefficient

√ [n (∑ X )−(∑ X ) ][ n(∑ Y )−(∑ Y ) ]
2 2 2 2

16. Z-value in of a normal curve

σ
x̄±z
√n
17. Confidence Interval of a single sample

( )
2
zs
E
18. Sample Size n=

19. Hypothesis testing of a single large sample

x−μ
t=
s/ √n df =n−1
20. Hypothesis testing of a single small sample