Letter For Approval of Seminar Report Topic
23 October 2020
Dr. N.C. Barwar
H.O.D , Dept. of CSE & IT
M.B.M Engineering University
Jodhpur
Re: Permission Request for Seminar Report Work
Dear Sir,
I am Divya Chopra, a final year IT undergraduate at your department (roll number 20UITE5033). I am
writing to request your permission/approval for my seminar report work, which is under your supervision
for the tenure 2022-23.After a rigorous research I’ve shortlisted some topics for the same. The topics are :
1. Cluster Computing
2. Quantum Cryptography
Please find abstract of the topics attached to the letter for reference.
I want to start working on the finalized topic as soon as I get your approval. I look forward to hearing from
you soon.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Divya Chopra
Final Year (VII th sem) IT Student
20UITE5033
ABSTRACTS
Cluster Computing
A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely so that in many respects they
form a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each
other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or
availability over that of a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single
computers of comparable speed or availability.
The High Performance Computing (HPC) allows scientists and engineers to deal with very complex
problems using fast computer hardware and specialized software. Since often these problems require
hundreds or even thousands of processor hours to complete, an approach, based on the use of
supercomputers, has been traditionally adopted. Recent tremendous increase in a speed of PC-type
computers opens relatively cheap and scalable solution for HPC, using cluster technologies. The
conventional MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) supercomputers are oriented on the very high-end of
performance. As a result, they are relatively expensive and require special and also expensive maintenance
support. Better understanding of applications and algorithms as well as a significant improvement in the
communication network technologies and processors speed led to emerging of new class of systems, called
clusters of SMP(symmetric multi processor) or networks of workstations(NOW), which are able to
compete in performance with MPPs and have excellent price/performance ratios for special applications
types.
A cluster is a group of independent computers working together as a single system to ensure that mission-
critical applications and resources are as highly available as possible. The group is managed as a single
system, shares a common namespace, and is specifically designed to tolerate component failures, and to
support the addition or removal of components in a way that's transparent to users.
Quantum Cryptography
Quantum cryptography is an exciting new field which has the potential to enable highly secure digital
communication using existing technology. Quantum cryptography is an effort to allow two users of a
common communication channel to create a body of shared and secret information. This information,
which generally takes the form of a random string of bits, can then be used as a conventional secret key for
secure communication. It is useful to assume that the communicating parties initially share a small amount
of secret information, which is used up and then renewed in the exchange process, but even without this
assumption exchanges are possible.
The advantage of quantum cryptography over traditional key exchange methods is that the exchange of
information can be shown to be secure in a very strong sense, without making assumptions about the
intractability of certain mathematical problems. Even when assuming hypothetical eavesdroppers with
unlimited computing power, the laws of physics guarantee (probabilistically) that the secret key exchange
will be secure, given a few other assumptions.
However its claim to offer absolute and unconditional communications security needs to be significantly
qualified for real-world noisy channels and non-ideal single-photon transmitters. A number of technical
advances will be required if the technique is to be widely used. These include the development of long
distance key exchange systems using low earth orbit satellites or fibre-optic quantum repeaters, and the
development of high bit rate single-photon transmitters.
