Suppose that at time to a certain mixture is represented by the density operator
Plo
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The states I4iloly vary in time according to
htt chat
Milt UHildy ult e Utz
and consequently the density operator becomes a function of time
PHI
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Will Yolo Yilolotly
Ult Wi lyiloycu.IO Ut UHPlOUtlf
Equation motion for the unitary operation
it Elt Alt Ult or It ETH UTAAlt
of It is time independent then
the
ply e ploy em up out
Zhi it Iplo Ut Upco fitut AHUH PIO UH UHPIOUTHHIM
ASHPIN PINAID ACH PHI
P É It P
The differential form of density matrix equation is called the Liouville equation
it assumes the same form be auseof
as the equations motion for the phase space
probability distribution in the classical mechanics
Let us assume that we can write
HH HotVlt
Where Ho is assumed to be time independent and ult describes a time varying
external field which induces transitions between the eigenstates Mi of Ho
using these eigenstates as a basis
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it
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since the time evolution of the eigenstates of Ito is given above where
Ei of Sto have been nubntituted for the corresponding Ei The time defendence
treated by the external force vet is entirely contained in the co efficient city
We will now derive an expression for the time evolution of the density matrix
elements in the 141 representation
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of Vit o then 314144 0 time dependence of Nettie is created entirely
by the external potential term Ulf
t
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Vitt U't VIA 141107
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interactionspicture ithAst Its Hot
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it volt H gig anyways
it love too Alt Vote it Estoe motu e hottie otegu.ve
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it VVe t VoIk'Ve HH VoUe HoVouetVolitive HuoUE
Vo if've VUVe it've VIVVoUe Ve Ve differential form
at t o UI I
VIA I IVIle Uele de integral form
of VIA o then VIA 1
St Vit is sufficiently small yet will only differ slightly from 1 The operator Uele
can therefore be replaced by the identity operator in the integral which gives the
time evolution operator in first order petarbation theory
VIA I É SID de
The Liouville Equation in the interation picture
it IF VIIH.IN
Integral form
put plog E VIN PINK
for 1st order petarbation
pay p lo Ip Ever Pelo de
