Operating Systems
Ubuntu Linux
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Outlines
Introduction about OS &What is ubuntu linux?
An introduction to Linux command shell
Files Commands
Finding Things
Managing Users and Groups
The permission
Utility Programs
Shell Script
Process managent
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Lab 1
Introduction about OS
History OF unix
Linux creation
Linux distribution
What is ubuntu linux?
Ubuntu installation
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INTRODUCTION TO OS
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What is Operating System(OS)
???
Is a set of software that is responsible for the
management of hardware resources and computer
software and represents an interface between the
user and hardware. It is considered the most
important programs running on the computer.
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Most popular operating
systems:
Windows OS.
Mac OS ) Apple Mac OS(.
Unix OS.
Linux OS.
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Unix History
Unix is the first system to be designed for networks, security, multi-
tasking and multi-user.
It was developed by the Bell Labs of the American Telephone
Company by Ken Thompson in the early 1970s.
Unix was rewritten in the C language, which helped ease the transfer
of Unix to different computers.
Unix has been widely used in universities, and there are thousands of
students who are proficient in using C programming language and Unix.
And many improvements have been introduced.
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Unix History(con…)
Bell (AT&T) started to threaten everyone and ask them to pay money for
using Unix and modifying its code.
Richard Stallman decided to start a project to write a new operating
system similar to unix in the eighties, provided that the code is open
source.
And the work of the Free Software Foundation(FSF)
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GNU’S Not Unix = GNU
GNU : Operating system consists of many
programs
Kernel
Compiler
Assembler
Library
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INTRODUCTION TO LINUX
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Linux operating system
Linux: is a Unix-like operating system that
was designed to provide personal computer
users a free or very low-cost operating system
comparable to traditional and usually
more expensive Unix systems,
developed by Linus Torvalds.
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Linux Has Many Distributions
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Linux architecture:
Kernel.
Shell (Command Line).
X Window.
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Kernel :
The core operating system is the most important
program in the operating system and deals with the
CPU and RAM and hard disk .... etc
A shell
Is any interface through which a user can interact
with the computer operating system-or kernel.
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GNU + Linux = OS ?????
X Windows System
GNU + Linux + X Windows System = OS
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( kernel + GNU + (GNOME / KDE) +
others programs )
Compile
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X Windows System
Examples:
GNOME
KDE
UNITY
XFCE
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GNOME
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KDE
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Unity
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Xfce
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Ubuntu Linux :
Is an operating system built primarily on the
Linux system , specifically on the most stable
Debian system in Linux.
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What does Ubuntu mean?
Is an English word , derived from the
word African origin (oo-bunt-oo) which
means humanity for others.
Use :
Laptops & Desktop & Servers .
Web browser & Presentation &Document & Spreadsheet& Instant messaging
2004
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Ubuntu versions
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What does the Ubuntu version number
mean?
Each version of ubuntu linux has a special
number
Example :
Ubuntu 8.04
year 2008
month 4
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Why use Ubuntu Linux?
Stable.
Security.
easy to use .
free
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Ubuntu Derivatives
Ubuntu GNOME /Unity .
Kubuntu KDE.
Xubuntu XFC.
Edubuntu GNOME.
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Ubuntu installation
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End ….
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