1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

As you all know that at this point of your learning process as a student, research is

a must. But aside from being an academic requirement, research also perform vital role in

resolving some societal problems. As according to office of research and sponsored

programs(2018) Research discovers, elucidates and evaluates new knowledge, ideas, and

the technologies essential in driving the future of society and humanity .Reserach is part

of our daily living, it is an organize method of conducting study. Research means to

carefully analyze the problems or to do the detailed study of the specific problems, by

making use of the special scientific methods according to (Reddy,2016). Research helps

us to be more alert and stay away from danger. For example meteorologist conduct a

study on how complexity of weather can bring danger to the lives of all creatures. By

means of that study we are now knowledgeable that complexity of weather can harm us.

But what if meteorologist didn't perform any research we will all die from being naive.

Thats why research exist, it is responsible for giving us information in able to survive our

everyday life and also for the betterment of our society. Research is the foundation of the

elevation of our mental skills, by means of this research we can elevate our thinking

capability. Through reading or conducting this researches we can improve our problem

solving and critical thinking. When you do research on any topic, you get to know

detailed information about that topic. The more the knowledge of the topic, the more

successful is the research. So, in order to get good output, the student needs to do

maximum research (Reddy, 2016) .We can increase our knowledge in order to perform
 2

well those things. Research is required not just for students and academics, but for all

professionals. It is also important for budding and veteran writers, both offline and online

(Zarah,2018). Just like what the researcher mentioned a while ago research is not just for

students only also it is a need for all professionals in order to fulfill their duties and

responsibilities to their specific field of [Link] can be done on any topic, be it

medical, non- medical, IT, or anything else. In order to do a research, first of all, you

need to have a topic or the problem on which you can do research. The topic must have

relevant questions to answer (Reddy,2016) Research is the reason why we have

something to read right now. Also research is the reason why we have cure for some of

the diseases. Without research we would not be able to learn how to find

cures ,understand the universe,live better lives make political reforms (Bew,2017). And

the reason why we have knowledge on how body parts work. In short research is one of

our necessity in order to know the demand of our [Link] one does some research

related to the society, the man becomes aware and also alert of the good and bad things.

In order to know the society’s norms, policies, code of conduct, one needs to do proper

research or it may become difficult to survive in the society (Reddy,2016).

Now base on the above mentioned the researcher wants to determine the

significant influence of research to the problem solving and critical thinking of the

students.

Statement of the Problem

The general problem of the study was to determine how the research influences

the problem solving and critical thinking of the students.

Specifically, this study aimed to answer to the following questions:

 3

1. How research is important to build a better society?

2. How research affect your academic performance

2.1 Problem solving

2.2 Critical thinking?

3. How does research helps you to gain knowledge?

4. In what aspect of your life does research strongly affects you

4.1 Social

4.2 Mental

4.3 Verbal?

5. Is there a significant influence that research bring to the lives of students?

Hypotheses

In order to find solution to stated problems, the study was guided by the following

hypotheses:

1. Research doesn't influence the academic performance of the students.

2. There is no significant effect that research bring to the lives of the students.

3. Research is not essential in order to build a better society.

Conceptual Framework

In this part the paradigm describe the relationship of the independent variable the

senior high school research discipline to the dependent variable the students problem

solving and critical thinking or the mental ability of the students. Several studies have
 4

shown that mentally stimulating activities like doing research can contribute to brain

health (Zarah,2018)

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLES

STUDENTS

PROBLEM SOLVING
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
AND
RESEARCH DISCIPLINE
CRITICAL THINKING

Figure 1. The Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 illustrates the relationship of senior high school research discipline to the

problem solving and critical thinking of the students. The research can be the aid on the

scarce knowledge of the students. Research means to have an in depth understanding

about a particular topic. The main purpose of the research is to get deep into the topic so

that something helpful can be churned out which can be helpful for everybody and used

in that particular niche sector (Reddy,2016). Research is helpful for students to serve as

guide in order to engage themselves to a wide range area of knowledge and get clarify

their confusions. The research helps in clarifying the complicated facts and figures. If the

student has any doubt on the subject, the student must research and study on it in detail so

as to remove all sorts of confusion and get the proper understanding of the content

(Reddy,2016)
 5

This model shows that the senior high school research discipline is correlated

with the problem solving and critical thinking of the students. That's why the researcher

wants to determine the significant influence of senior high school research discipline to

the academic performance of the students in terms of problem solving and critical

thinking.

Significance of the Study

This study will be significant for the improvement of our educational system.

Because this study will reveal the significant influence of senior high school research

discipline to the problem solving and critical thinking of the students.

The findings of this study would be significant to the following:

Teachers. This study will help the teachers to know that research can elevate the

one students’ mental ability so that they can offer their full support to their students who

is the researchers.

Students. This study will open the mind of the students that research is not just a

research it contribute to give knowledge for the students.

Parents. This study show how research is important for the children of the parents

so that they will continue to support their children to do an effective research for our

society.

Department of Education. This study will serve as the reference for the

department of education to assess how the public high schools work on their research

activities.
 6

Future researcher. This study will serve as good reference materials for future

researcher who are interested in this study.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused on the effect of senior high school research discipline to the

problem solving and critical thinking of the senior high school students specifically the

grade 12 students because they are the one who experienced performing 2 types of

research the qualitative and the quantitative research.

Location of the Study

This study will be conducted at Vedasto R. Santiago High School Salacot San Miguel

Bulacan

Figure 2. The Vedasto R. Satiago High School, Salacot San Miguel Bulacan
 7

Figure 3. Senior High School Building Vedasto R. Santiago High School

Definition of Terms
For the better understanding of some words that is used here is the definition of
terms:
Critical Thinking: The students making deeper understanding about something.

Demand of society: These are the requirements of our society that its constituent

need to fulfill.

Elucidates: Clarification of something in the middle of confusion.

Meteorologist: The person who conduct a study about complexity of weather.

Problem Solving: One student does in order to resolve different problems.

SHS Research Discipline: This are the practices that the researchers does in

order to have an in depth knowledge about certain topic.

Societal Issues: This are the problems that is our society is facing right now.

CHAPTER II
 8

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the procedures and techniques that used in conducting the
study. It includes the research design, data gathering techniques, sampling procedure and
data analysis scheme.

Research Design

The study employed a mixed method research that is quantitative and qualitative

methods of research to find if there are significant relationship existed between senior

high school research discipline to problem solving and critical thinking of the students.

Under the quantitative method is the descriptive technique that was employed in

gathering responses from the Vedasto R. Santiago Senior High School students

specifically the grade 12 students. The descriptive method was used to obtain information

by means of a questionnaire. Then a follow up qualitative approach by means of personal

interview to give a clear scenario on the gathered data from the quantitative.

Data Gathering Technique

In this study, the researcher requested permission from the Grade 12 Curriculum

Chairman and the School Principal of the respondent students to conduct the study. Upon

approval and once the researcher received the permit, he will personally distribute and

retrieve the survey questionnaire materials. The researcher set a timeframe to tally,

interpret, and finally analyze the data to be gather.

The students problem solving and critical thinking will determine through

administration of questionnaires. The validated instrument which the researcher will use

and administer to the respondents of this study will provide the following data: (1) senior
 9

high school research discipline to students problem solving and critical thinking, and (2)

respondent responses on the interview guide questions.

Sampling Procedures

The selection of respondents is base on the students who was experienced to do

2 types of research the qualitative and quantitative research this are the grade 12 students,

the researcher used purposive judge mental sampling under non probability . In

Vedasto R. Satiago Senior High School the grade 12 have 5 sections and the researcher

selected the top ten students for each section. And for qualitative part the researcher

selected ten students form grade 12 gold.

Data Analysis Scheme

The statistical treatment of the data was presented using frequency distribution,

percentage, weighted mean.

Likewise, frequency distribution and weighted mean were also used to describe

the effect of senior high school research discipline affect the students problem solving

and critical thinking.

The effect senior high school research discipline to the problem solving and

critical thinking of the students will describe using the scale as follows:

Scale Verbal Description

5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Moderately Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
 10

Descriptive-Correlational analysis is use to determine the effect of senior high

school research discipline to students problem solving and critical thinking.

 11

CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the

data collected and the results of the statistical treatment employed in the study with

the purpose of determining the effects of the senior high school research discipline

to the problem solving and critical thinking skills of the students.

Students’ Problem Solving 5 4 3 2 1

(SA) (A) (MA) (D) (SD)

1. Research guides me to analyze

a certain problem.

2. Research clarifies a problem for

me.

3. Research is the reason why I’

am aware on some societal issues.

4. Research helps me to answer

difficult questions.

5. Research bring significant

impact to the problem solving

skill of students.
 12

CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of major findings. The conclusions arrived at

based on the findings and recommendations were given in accordance with the

conclusions.

Findings

The study determined the effect and relationship of the budgetary support to the

learning environment and faculty development as a measure to the school performance of

the selected schools in the Division of Bulacan during the School Year 2014-2015.

Budgetary Support to the Learning Environment

The budgetary support to the learning of public high schools was described by the

school principals and teachers with regard to the administration office; classrooms; other

curricular facilities; and in co-curricular facilities as Sufficient

Budgetary Support to the Faculty Development

The budgetary support to the faculty development through in-service trainings/

seminars is described by the school principals and teachers with regard to school level;

EDDIS level; division level; regional level and national as Sufficient.

 13

Budgetary Support to the School Competition

The budgetary support to the performance of public high schools is described by

the school principals and teachers in terms of academic; and non-academic as Sufficient.

Perceptions of School Principal and Teachers on the Budgetary

Support to the Learning Environment

There is highly significant difference between the perceptions of school principals

and teachers on the budgetary support to the learning environment in term of speech

laboratory.

Significant Correlates of the Learning Environment and

School Performance in Term of Enrolment

Learning environment in reference to the computer laboratory, speech laboratory,

TLE room registered a Highly Significant effect meanwhile science room a Significant

effect to the school performance in term of enrolment.

In Term of Promotion

Learning environment with regard to computer laboratory, speech laboratory,

TLE room have Highly Significant effect to the school performance in term of promotion.

In Term of Drop-Out

Among the learning environment, only the speech laboratory influenced

significantly the school performance.

In Term of National Achievement Test (NAT)

 14

Learning environment with regard to computer laboratory, science room, TLE

room have significant effect to the school performance in term of NAT.

The Respondents Ways on How They Support Their School Expenses

Budgetary support from the Municipal Special Education Fund (MSEF), School

Canteen and Parent Teacher Association are other sources of school fund aside from the

national government to make the school budget sufficient.

The Respondents Perceptions on the Importance of Budgetary Support

to the Learning Environment and Faculty Development

Both public high school principal and teacher respondents believed that budgetary

support are very important for learning environment and faculty development.

Perceptions of the Respondents on the Importance of Learning Environment

and Faculty Development for the School Performance

Both public high school principal and teacher respondents believe that Learning

environment and faculty development are important for the better school performance.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The budgetary support from the Maintenance Operating and Other

Expenses (MOOE), Municipal Special Education Fund (SEF), School

Canteen Fund, and Parent Teacher Association Fund (PTA) are sufficient

for the school learning environment, faculty development, and school

competition.

2. There is no significant difference between the perceptions of the principals

and Teachers on the budgetary support to the learning environment

 15

and faculty development.

3. The budgetary support significantly affect the learning environment as to

the classrooms and other curricular facilities (classrooms, TLE room,

speech laboratory, and computer room).

4. The budgetary support does not significantly affect the faculty development

and school competitions because the principal and teacher respondents

believed that budgetary support is sufficient. Teacher and student

determinations to win the competition is the most important one as compare

to budgetary support they have.

4. The learning environment have significantly affect the school performance

as to enrolment, promotion and drop-out.

5. Budgetary support used to improve the learning environment can be

significant to the school performance if the teachers and students are

willing to do their part to give their best to excel in teaching learning

process with the aid of favorable learning environment. But if they are

not appreciate and value the importance of having favorable

learning environment this become not significantly affect the school

performance.

6. Budgetary support allotted for the teachers trainings and seminars

can be significantly affect school performance if the teachers are

open-minded and willing to adapt the changes based on the current trends
 16

in education. But if the teachers are not willing to adapt the changes

in educational system faculty development can be not significant affect the

school performance.

7. In general, having favorable learning environment and continuous faculty

trainings and seminars still teachers and student personal motivation to

perform well will be best the way to improve the school performance .

Recommendations

In light of the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations

were drawn:

1. Proper coordination between the school administration, faculties, parents, and

government officials are necessary to improve the school performance.

2. Transparency in terms of budget management is very important to create and

gain trust to all the members of faculties, parents, students, and government

officials which lead to school success and improvement.

3. School personnel, especially the school principal establish good rapport to parents

and other stakeholders to encourage them to support activities.

4. The school head should provide proper and complete expenditures of the school

to the funding agencies.

5. Proper management and patronizing the school canteen can give much budget for

the school expenses for their learning environment, faculty development.

 17

6. School principals should be transparent in all school transactions especially those

related to the school budget.

7. A consultative meeting should be established between the principal and teachers

in order for them to help one another the layout of the support budget for the

improvement of the school performance.

8. Teachers’ effectiveness and dedication have significant impact on school

performance.

9. The best way to learn and excel well our students they need to have self-initiative

for their own learning.

10. For future researcher, other factors that might contribute to better school

performance such as home factor, peer factor, teacher factor, and student factor

should be included in their study.

 18

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APPENDICES
 24

Appendix A

Letter of Request for the Schools Division Superintendent

 25

Appendix B

Endorsement Letter from the Schools Division Superintendent

 26

Appendix C

Letter of Request for the Public High School Principals

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
 37

Appendix D

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
 38

BUDGETARY SUPPORT TO LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND FACULTY

DEVELOPMENT: IMPACT ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE

Directions: Kindly supply the data or information by writing it on the blank or by putting
a check (√) before the item.

Name:(Optional)_________________________________________________________
Name of School: _________________________________________________________

I. Budgetary Support

Please write how much budgetary support your school received during School Year
2014-2015.

1. Maintenance Operating and Other Expenses

(MOOE):______________________
2. Special Education Fund
(SEF):_________________________________________
3. School Canteen
Fund:________________________________________________
4. Parent Teacher
Association(PTA):______________________________________

Directions: Below is a list of questionnaire, please check the column that corresponds to
your answer. The rating scale below will be the basis of your choice.

Scale Verbal Interpretation

4 Very Sufficient
3 Sufficient
2 Moderately Sufficient
1 Not Sufficient

How may the budget support be described for the following:

II. Learning Environment
Physical Facilities 4 3 2 1
1. Library
2. Computer Room
3. Science Room
4. Technology and Livelihood Education Room
5. Classrooms
6. School Clinic
7. Principal Office
8. Guidance Office
 39

9. Registrar Office
[Link] Rooms
11. Gymnasium
III. Faculty Development
1. Trainings/Seminars
a. School Level b.
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
IV. School Performance
A. Academic Competition
1. English Competition
a. School Level a.
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
2. Mathematics Competition
[Link] Level a.
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
3. Science Competition
b. School Level a.
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
4. Filipino Competition
[Link] Level a.
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
B. Non-Academic Competition
1. MAPEH Competition
a. School Level b.
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
5. Technology and Livelihood Education Competition
a. School Level a.
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
[Link] Level
 40

Interview Guide Questions

1. If the budgetary support from the national government like Maintenance Operating
and Other Expenses (MOOE) is not sufficient for your school expenses, how will you
finance your school expenses?

2. What is your perception on the importance of budgetary support to the school

learning environment and faculty development?

3. What is your perception on the importance of learning environment and faculty

development for the school performance?
 41

Appendix E

Interviews with the Public High School Principals and Teachers

Mr. Marciano V. Cruz Jr., Principal IV of Carlos F. Gonzales High School

Mrs. Evangeline G. Pangan ,Head Teacher (OIC) of San Miguel-Meysulao High School
 42

Mrs. Angielyn D. Baclay, Teacher Leader Talbak High School

Mrs. Marlyn D. De Leon, Teacher Leader

Esteban Paulino High School

Mrs. Leonora P. Manalastas, Principal III of Vedasto R. Santiago High School

 43

Mrs. Leonora C. Santos Mrs. Aiza Z. Mendoza

San Miguel National HighCarlos F. Gonzales High School

Mr. Marvin L. Santiago, Upig High School

Mrs. Jhoana Marie Perez

Esteban Paulino High School
 44

Ms. Jhoana Marie Perez

Esteban Paulino High School

Mrs. Angielyn D. De Leon

and Talbak High School Teachers