Scribd
Upload
69 views2 pages

SQL Joins and Keys Guide

The document discusses different SQL clauses: 1. Outer joins return all rows from the left table and match rows from the right table, filling in NULL values if no match. 2. The WITH clause stores query results in a temporary table that can then be queried. 3. UNION combines results from multiple SELECT statements and filters duplicates. 4. CROSS JOIN combines every row from one table with every row from another table. 5. Foreign keys reference primary keys in other tables to link related data. Primary keys uniquely identify rows. 6. Inner joins return rows where the ON condition matches between tables.

Uploaded by

jung sunny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
69 views2 pages

SQL Joins and Keys Guide

The document discusses different SQL clauses: 1. Outer joins return all rows from the left table and match rows from the right table, filling in NULL values if no match. 2. The WITH clause stores query results in a temporary table that can then be queried. 3. UNION combines results from multiple SELECT statements and filters duplicates. 4. CROSS JOIN combines every row from one table with every row from another table. 5. Foreign keys reference primary keys in other tables to link related data. Primary keys uniquely identify rows. 6. Inner joins return rows where the ON condition matches between tables.

Uploaded by

jung sunny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Cheatsheets / Learn SQL

Multiple Tables
Outer Join
An outer join will combine rows from different tables
even if the join condition is not met. In a LEFT JOIN , SELECT column_name(s)

every row in the left table is returned in the result set, FROM table1
and if the join condition is not met, then NULL values

LEFT JOIN table2


are used to fill in the columns from the right table.

  ON table1.column_name
= table2.column_name;

WITH Clause
The WITH clause stores the result of a query in a
temporary table ( temporary_movies ) using an alias. WITH temporary_movies AS (

Multiple temporary tables can be defined with one    SELECT *


instance of the WITH keyword.    FROM movies


SELECT *

FROM temporary_movies

WHERE year BETWEEN 2000 AND 2020;


UNION Clause
The UNION clause is used to combine results that
appear from multiple SELECT statements and filter SELECT name

duplicates. FROM first_names


For example, given a first_names table with a UNION


column name containing rows of data “James” and

SELECT name
“Hermione”, and a last_names table with a column

FROM last_names
name containing rows of data “James”, “Hermione”

and “Cassidy”, the result of this query would contain


three name s: “Cassidy”, “James”, and “Hermione”.

CROSS JOIN Clause


The CROSS JOIN clause is used to combine each row
from one table with each row from another in the result SELECT shirts.shirt_color,

set. This JOIN is helpful for creating all possible    pants.pants_color


combinations for the records (rows) in two tables. FROM shirts


The given query will select the shirt_color and

CROSS JOIN pants;


pants_color columns from the result set, which will

contain all combinations of combining the rows in the


shirts and pants tables. If there are 3 different
shirt colors in the shirts table and 5 different pants
colors in the pants table then the result set will
contain 3 x 5 = 15 rows.
Foreign Key
A foreign key is a reference in one table’s records to the
primary key of another table. To maintain multiple
records for a specific row, the use of foreign key plays a
vital role. For instance, to track all the orders of a
specific customer, the table order (illustrated at the
bottom of the image) can contain a foreign key.

Primary Key
A primary key column in a SQL table is used to uniquely
identify each record in that table. A primary key cannot
be NULL . In the example, customer_id is the
primary key. The same value cannot re-occur in a
primary key column. Primary keys are often used in
JOIN operations.

Inner Join
The JOIN clause allows for the return of results from
more than one table by joining them together with SELECT * 

other results based on common column values FROM books


specified using an ON clause. INNER JOIN is the

JOIN authors
default JOIN and it will only return results matching

  ON books.author_id = [Link];


the condition specified by ON .

You might also like