Detailed Lesson Plan in Grade 8 Science

Content standard
The learners demonstrate understanding of
 the digestive system and its interaction with the circulatory, respiratory and excretory
systems in providing the body with nutrients for energy; and
 diseases that result from nutrient deficiency, their prevention and treatment

Performance standard
The learners shall be able to
 discuss the processes of the digestive system as a means of providing the body with
nutrients for energy.

Learning competencies
The learners should be able to
 explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion; and
 explain how diseases caused by nutrient deficiency are prevented, detected and
treated.

I. LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of 1 hour discussion at least 75% of the students are expected to:
1. Discuss the digestive system and its parts;
2. Understand the processes in human digestion;
3. Identify common diseases resulting from nutrient deficiency, their
prevention and treatment; and
4. Cite at least three importance of digestive system to humans and other
living things.

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

A. Topic: The Digestive System
B. References: Science 8 Teachers Guide pages 209-216
Science 8 Learners Module pages 291-305
https://znnhs.zdnorte.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/
Science8_Q4_M1.pdf
https://youtu.be/cksQAD7UBUU
https://youtu.be/ogQOXgKssjU

C. Materials: PowerPoint presentation, pencil/pen, module/activity sheet, mobile

phones and laptop

D. Concepts:
 Mechanical digestion is the physical degradation of large food particles
into smaller pieces that digestive enzymes can access through chemical
digestion.
  Chemical digestion is the enzymatic cleavage of proteins,
carbohydrates, and fats into tiny amino acids, sugars and fatty acids.
 The five digestive system processes in humans are ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation and excretion.
 Imbalance on the intake of food can cause nutrient deficiency which
can lead to diseases.
E. Skills: Observation, communicating skills, analytical skills
F. Values integration: observation, analysis and reflection
G. Time Frame: 1 hour
H. Strategy Applied: 7 E’s Approach

III. PROCEDURE
Time Teaching Hints Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity IM’S
Frame
5 mins. A. Preliminaries
1. Greetings Good morning class! Good morning Ma’am!
2. Prayer Let us all stand, and seek for the
guidance of the Almighty.
Praise be thy name of our lord Now and forever.
Jesus Christ. Amen.
3. Virtual Classroom Kindly turn off your microphones (The students will
Netiquette during the discussion. If you want prepare themselves for
to be recognized, please raise the discussion)
your virtual hand and open your
camera. Once you are recognized,
you may open your microphone
and share your insights to the
class. Be attentive and listen
carefully throughout the
discussion because we will have a
reward system for attendance and
active participation for every
discussion we will have.
4. Checking of the Do we have any absentees today?
attendance No, ma’am.

5. Checking of Did I give you an assignment last

assignment meeting? No, Ma’am.
3 mins. B. ELICIT What have we discussed last Last meeting, we PowerPo
meeting? discussed about the Presentat
arrangement of n
elements in the
 periodic table.

Can someone share what they The elements are

learned from the last lesson to the classified into metals,
class? nonmetals and
semimetals.

Very good! How about their The metals are located

organization in the periodic table? on the left side of the
table while the
nonmetals are located
on the right side of the
table. The semimetals
are located on the stair
step between these two
classification.

Excellent! Lastly, what The atomic number and

determines the reactivity of an the valence electrons
element? determines the physical
and chemical property
of an element and
therefore determine the
reactivity of an
element.

Very good, class! Now that you

already understand the
arrangement of the elements in
the periodic table, let us proceed
with our discussion today.

5 mins. C. ENGAGE Before we begin with our PowerPo

discussion for today, let’s have a Presentat
game called 4 pics 1 word. This n
will help you know what topic we
will discuss today.

Are you ready? Yes, ma’am!

 What can you see in the first
picture? (solicit answers from
students)
How about the second picture?

How about the third picture?

How about the last picture?

Ma’am, it’s digestion.

Very good! Can you guess the

word?

Excellent! These pictures pertain

to digestion.

1 min. Presentation of the We got the word “digestion” from

Lesson the game we conducted and
digestion occurs in a specific
system in our body.

What do you think is our lesson Ma’am, our topic for

today? today is about digestive
system.

Very good!

1 min. Presentation of Before we start, here are our PowerPo

Objectives targets for today’s discussion. Presentat
(Reading of the n
(Post the objectives) objectives)

3 mins. Unlocking of For us to easily understand our PowerPo

Difficulties topic, there are terms we need to (Students will read) Presentat
understand first. We might n
encounter these words later
during our discussion.

 Bolus - a soft mass of chewed

food.

 Enzymes - proteins that help

speed up metabolism,
or the chemical
reactions in our bodies.

 Gastric Juice - also known as

Stomach Juice.

- a digestive fluid
formed within the
stomach lining. It is a
unique combination of
hydrochloric acid
(HCl), lipase, and
pepsin.

- Its main function is

to inactivate swallowed
microorganisms,
thereby inhibiting
infectious agents from
reaching the intestine.
 Lymph Capillaries
-  are tiny vessels that
collect and filter fluid
from your body's cells
and tissues.
 Villi
-  are small, finger-like
structures in the small
intestine which helps
on absorbing digested
food.

Very good.

Now that you already understand

these terms, let us proceed to our
 activity. This will help us further
understand the DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM.
.
7 mins D. EXPLORE To further understand the periodic PowerPo
table of elements, let us have an Presentat
activity entitled, “Concept Map n

on Digestive System”.
Material
Module/
Activity 1: Activity
Concept Map on Digestive sheet
System Pen/Penc
Mobile
(The students will do Phone
the activity)

Materials:
 Module/Activity Sheet
 Pen
 Mobile Phone

Procedure:

 The students will fill and

complete the concept map
about digestive system by
referring to the given table
with terms and briefly answer
the corresponding questions.
Questions:
1. What are the organs
involved in Digestive
System? List them in order.

2. What is the process that

helps the food move through
esophagus?

3. Which organ serves as the

principal organ for digestion?

4. What organ is the site for

water absorption?

5. What organ is the exit of

solid waste?

6. What does imbalance in

digestive system results into?

1. You will be assessed based on

the following criteria.
 RUBRIC
Correctness/Aptness ---- 75%
Timeliness---------------- 25%
TOTAL 100%

Do you agree in our Rubrics?

2. You only have a total of 8 Yes, ma’am!

minutes to finish the activity.
Kindly answer this on the google
form to be provided.

The student who will finish the

activity first will receive a price
later.

Is there any question?

You may now start with the None, ma’am!

activity!
7 mins E. EXPLAIN Let us check first your answers on (elicit answers from PowerPo
our activity. students) nt
Presenta
on
Questions: Expected Answers:
1. Mouth, esophagus,
1. What are the organs involved
stomach, small
in Digestive System? List them in
intestine, large
order. intestine, rectum, anus

2. What is the process that helps

2. Peristalsis
the food move through
esophagus?

3. Which organ serves as the 3. Stomach

principal organ for digestion?

4. What organ is the site for water 4. Large Intestine

absorption?
 5. What organ is the exit of solid
waste? 5. Anus

6. What does imbalance in

digestive system results into?
6. Nutrient Deficiency
Diseases

15 mins F. ELABORATE How was the activity class? (Students will share PowerPo
their insights) Presentat
n
In the activity, we have identified The organs of digestive
the different parts of digestive system are mouth,
system. Can you name them? esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large
intestine, rectum and
anus.

Very good! We also identified

some of their functions in the
digestive system. Like stomach as
the principal organ of digestion,
large intestine as site for water
absorption and anus as exit of
solid waste.

Peristalsis is also identified. Do None, ma’am!

you have any idea of what
peristalsis is?

Before we discuss about that,

we’ll start with the digestive
system first.

Digestive system contains the

organs that take in food and (Students will read)
liquids and break them down into
substances that the body can use
for energy, growth, and tissue
repair.
Aside from the parts of digestive
system we have identified, there
are also other organs that are not
part of digestive tract yet plays
important role in the digestive
system.

These are tongue, salivary gland,

pancreas, liver and gall bladder.

What do you think is the process It’s digestion, ma’am.

responsible for turning food into
something that your body needs?

Precisely!

During digestion, food is broken

down to smaller parts — a
fraction that is made up of
nutrients. These nutrients are
circulated to the different parts of
the body through the
bloodstreams and assimilated by
cells. Digestion of food is carried
out by the organs and substances
of the digestive system.

There are two types of digestion,

these are mechical digestion and
chemical digestion.

Mechanical digestion is the (Students will read)

physical degradation of large food
particles into smaller pieces that
digestive enzymes can access
through chemical digestion.

Chemical digestion uses acids

and enzymes to breakdown the
food into simpler nutrients that
can be absorbed and used by the
body cells. It starts in the mouth
when food mixes with saliva.
When you are chewing food in It’s mechanical
your mouth, what type of digestion ma’am
digestion is this? Why do you because when we chew
think so? food, they turn into
smaller pieces so we
can swallow it.

That’s correct! Then, when the

food was chewed and are mixed
with saliva, it’s the start of
chemical digestion.

Now, there are five processes that

occur in the digestive system.
These are ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation and
excretion.

Ingestion is the process of taking (Students will read)

in food into the digestive system
through the mouth. In the mouth,
when the food is being chewed by
the teeth, saliva mixes with it so it
can be easily swallowed.

When the chewed food, or bolus, (Students will read)

is swallowed, it passes through
the pharynx and esophagus.
Muscle contractions in the
esophagus help move the food
down to the stomach. This
process is called peristalsis.

After the food was swallowed and

entered the esophagus, it is
moved down into the stomach
where it mixes with gastric juices
and acids. This is where food
starts to turn into simpler forms
like glucose that the body needs.
This process is called digestion.
Now what do you think happens They will turn into
after the food is digested? nutrients that makes
our body strong and
healthy and it will be
absorbed by the body.

Very good!

As digestion ends in the small

intestine, the digested food
molecules containing the simple
nutrients that result from
chemical digestion move and pass
through cell membranes of the
lining in the small intestine into
the blood and lymph. This
process is called absorption.

Then, once the digested food

molecules move into the cells of
the body where they are used.
This process is called
assimilation. The examples of
nutrients that are absorbed are
glucose, amino acids and
vitamins.

Now that the nutrients have been

absorbed by the body through the The undigested parts
cells, what do you think happens will move to another
next? What about the remaining part of the digestive
indigested parts of food? system.

That is correct!

The undigested parts will be

moved in the large intestine
where most of the water
remaining are absorbed. Those
semi-solid wastes that were not
absorbed by the body are
eleminated as feces. The feces are
stored in the rectum which is the
last part of the large intestine.
Excretion or egestion occurs
when these feces pass out the
body through the anus.

Do you have any questions? None, ma’am.

Can you name the five digestive (Solicit answer from

processes that we have discussed? students)

Very nice!

Now, imbalance in the food you

take would effect your body. If
the body does not acquire the
required nutrition, there are
possible diseases to be developed.

Therefore, you need to learn

about some common diseases
resulting from nutrient deficiency
that may affect your body and
health. Some are Vitamin C
deficiency, Vitamin D and
Calcium deficiency and Iron
deficiency.

Vitamin C Deficiency
(Student will read)
Disease: Scurvy

Prevention: Consume the

recommended amount of fresh
fruits and vegetables.

Treatment: Daily intake of

Vitamin C as prescribed by
doctor and consuming
recommended amount of fresh
fruits and vegetables.

Vitamin D and Calcium

 Deficiency (Student will read)

Disease: Rickets

Prevention: Have the

recommended intake Vitamin D
per day by exposure to sunlight

Treatment: Medicine and

additional calcium to diet

Iron Deficiency
(Student will read)
Disease: Anemia

Prevention: Eat more foods that

contain iron like fish, eggs, beans,
peas and fortified foods.

Treatment: Take Iron

supplements as prescribed by
doctor.

5 mins. Generalization I will play a video presentation Video

that will summarize our topic for Presentat
today about the digestive system, n

and someone will give their

insights afterwards.

Video 1 (Students will watch

Title: “Science 8 - Life the video)
Processes: Ingestion, Digestion,
Absorption, Assimilation, and
Egestion”
Source: YouTube
Link:
https://youtu.be/cksQAD7UBUU

Can someone give me the parts of (solicit answers from

digestive system?
 students)
Very nice! Thank you.

Can someone briefly discuss the

five digestive processes?
(solicit answers from
students)
Excellent! Thank you very much.

Can you name some of the diseases

that can be acquired due to nutrient
deficiency and its treatment or (solicit answers from
students)
prevention?

Very good! Thank you.

4 mins. Values Integration Now, I have questions for you. PowerPo
Presentat
Have you experienced skipping Yes, ma’am. n
breakfast and doing a vigorous
activity such as running?

How did you feel? I feel tired so easily

and feel light headed.

Yes, that’s because your body

may be burning essential energy
sources since you haven’t taken a
meal for your digestive system to
digest. If you skip a meal and do
a vigorous activity, you will feel
light headed, shaky or nauseous,
and get easily tired. Also, you
will have less stamina.

Knowing this, what do you think (solicit answers from

is/are the importance of digestive students)
system to humans and other
living things?

Very good students! Very well

said. It seems that you already
understand the concept of our
topic for today.
Evaluate

A. Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the letter of the BEST answer, and write it on the space provided below.

___ 1. Which of the following is the correct order of the parts of the digestive system?

A. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus

B. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, anus, rectum
C. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
D. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, rectum

___ 2. Which is the correct order of stages of digestion?

I. The food is mixed with gastric juices in the stomach.

II. The feces are expelled through the rectum.
III. In the mouth, the teeth crush the food, and it is mixed with saliva.
IV. In small intestine, the food mixes with bile from the liver and the nutrients and
vitamins are absorbed.
V. The food passes down the esophagus and into the stomach.
VI. The remains of the food are transformed into feces in the large intestine.

A. I, II, IV, VI, V, III

B. III, V, II, I, IV, VI
C. III, V, I, VI, IV, II
D. III, V, I, IV, VI, II

___ 3. What is the process in which the nutrients pass through the cell membrane in the lining
of the small intestine into the bloodstreams?

A. Absorption
B. Assimilation
C. Excretion
D. Ingestion

___ 4. In which process does the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the
body where they are used occurs?

A. Absorption
B. Assimilation
C. Excretion
 D. Ingestion

___ 5. What process occurs when undigested parts of food or those that were not absorbed
by the body are eleminated as feces through the anus?

A. Absorption
B. Assimilation
C. Excretion
D. Ingestion

___ 6. What is the process in which food is taken inside the digestive system through the
mouth?

A. Absorption
B. Assimilation
C. Excretion
D. Ingestion

B. Short Essay
1. Give at least one disease resulting from nutrient deficiency and give its prevention or
treatment. (2 points)
2. Explain why digestion is important to humans and other living things. (2 points)

Extend
On your notebook, answer the following questions:

1. How do the processes in the digestive system occurs? Explain in order. (7

points)
2. Identify other 3 common diseases caused by nutrient deficiency. (3 points)
3. What is the process in which a cell divides into two cells and contains the
same DNA it has? How does this occur? (5 points)