ASSIGNMENT
ON
CURRENT TRENDS AND
ISSUES ON EDUCATION
SUBJECT: NURSING EDUCATION
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Mr. Francis Lalruattluanga Malsawmdawngkimi
Guest Faculty Roll No:1
College of Nursing 1st Year [Link] Nursing
RIPANS RIPANS
SUBMITTED ON:
3rd February 2023
INTRODUCTION:
The changes that are occurring in the social and cultural life of the society as a result of the impact of
advancements in the science - based technology are broadly described as modernization. Since education is a
multipolar process, it is influenced by the modernization in different ways. Due to globalization and
liberalization, changes occurring in other parts of the world will also influence the education pattern of a
country. Even though certain aspects in the new trends are painful to those who view education as a noble
process, they are irresistible in the current context. The changes in the economic status and an ever growing
technological advancement leads to new demand on the educational system of a country. It can also be said
that the genesis of a particular trend is in a contemporary social issue. Later on, these changes developed
into certain major trends. Thus, trends in education appear, may become popular, may stay or even
disappear. This is because the concept of 'education' itself is dynamic and its form changes with the changes
in the societal philosophy.
MEANING OF EDUCATION:
Everybody uses the term "Education" in our day-to day life. Different people attach different
meaning to it. Generally speaking, 'Education' is utilized in three senses: Knowledge, Subject and a Process.
Etymologically, the word Education' has been derived from different Latin words.
‘Educare' which means 'to bring out' or 'to nourish'.
‘Educere' which means 'to lead out' or 'to draw out'.
‘Educatum' which means 'act of teaching' or 'training’.
‘Educatus' which means 'to bring up, rear, educate’.
‘Educatio’ which means 'a breeding, a bringing up, a rearing’
DEFINITIONS OF EDUCATION:
Education is not a preparation for life, rather it is the living. Education is the process of living
through a continuous reconstruction of experiences. It is the development of all those capacities in the
individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities. -John Dewey
By education, I mean an all – round drawing out the best in the child and man – body, mind and
spirit – Mahatma Gandhi
Education is a sound mind in a sound body. It develops man’s faculty specially his mind so that he
may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supreme truth goodness and beauty - Aristotle
MEANING OF TRENDS IN EDUCATION:
According to Oxford Learners’ Dictionary, ‘the direction of change or development of a situation’ is
called a trend. A trend implies a particular tendency or a movement or even a bias towards a certain issue.
Thus, trends in education are teaching and learning methods being highly applicable and bringing great
value to people.
Society and the professional world continue to evolve and change with the growth of technology.
This, in turn, has had a tremendous impact on the educational sphere, leading to a number of growing trends
in the world of education. Following educational trends can sometimes feel like watching fads come and go
—confusing at best and frustrating at worst. But keeping an eye on these trends can be helpful in addition to
completing the professional development requirement. Many of these trends are based on educational
research or current events that can help in creating more effective learning environments.
MEANING OF ISSUES IN EDUCATION:
Issues in education are ideas, thoughts and debates on educational policy and practices. Nowadays
issues in education are big topics of discussion, both in the news media and among the general public. The
current education system is beset by a wide range of challenges, from cuts in government funding to changes
in disciplinary policies—and much more. Everyone agrees that providing high-quality education for our
community is a worthy ideal. However, there are many diverse viewpoints about how that should be
accomplished. And that leads to highly charged debates, with passionate advocates on both sides.
BACKGROUND:
Teaching is a dynamic profession. It changes year to year depending on the classes we teach and the
students we have. However, the world of education has remained largely the same for the last one hundred
years. Our classrooms are still teacher-centered. In the teacher-centered classroom, the role of the teacher is
to deliver information to students and test the students on their ability to remember and understand that
information. The students are passive learners who understand and remember information, but do not
analyse, apply, evaluate, or create information.
Many educators are beginning to argue that this approach to teaching is now outdated. They argue
schools need to change to meet the increasingly technology-based and globalized world in which our
students will live and work in the future. This globalized world requires students do more than understand
and remember facts. It requires them to apply, analyse, evaluate, and create new ideas and products.
Some educators argue that our current classroom approach only serves the most basic learning:
understanding and remembering. In Bloom’s Taxonomy, the skills of understanding and remembering are
the foundation of learning. However, above these skills are the more active forms of learning: applying,
analysing, evaluating, and creating. It is these higher order skills that are shaping current educational trends.
Diagram: Bloom’s Taxonomy
The Education system of any nation is always affected and influenced by some ultimate factors that
shape the whole education system in some kind of formation and also lead to certain direction. The various
factors such as historical and cultural factors, aims of nation, political, social and technological factors play
a significant role in developing and extending education in a country.
Social and Cultural Factors : "Culture" means refinement of feelings and "education" means
knowledge of literature. Education is a means and culture is the end. The social and cultural factors are those
which have been affected the education system for many years. These factors affect the development of
education done throughout the years and also show the impact of other nation’s education system on it.
Each generation of a society passes on its social heritage and cultural tradition to the next generation
which is known as the transmission of culture. The teachers prepare the students to face the challenges of
career and life by inculcating in them values of the culture and developing in them a positive attitude; values
and the right attitude helped their own progress and the progress of their society.
Economic factors: Economic conditions, economic policies, and the economic system are important
external factors that constitute educational environment in a country. Income of the people and their
purchasing power influences the demand for education. In countries where investment and income are
steadily and rapidly increasing, educational prospects are generally bright. The economic policies of the
government influence education environment in a country. Education tie up of collaboration with foreign
universities, exchange of students and faculty members from one country to another country also influences
education environment. Economic conditions of a country determine infrastructure for schools, colleges and
universities and other educational oriented development activities. There may be a positive correlation
between economic conditions of a country and growth of educational Sector. A substantial growth in
education can be seen in developed countries and students of developing countries prefer to do their higher
studies in developed countries.
Political Factors: Political environment consists of the political system (i.e. democracy, autocracy,
etc.), the political institutions (the national and regional parties, their structure and their style of functioning,
etc.), the political ideologies of the parties, political stability (continuance of same party in power,
continuance of same policies pursued by the party in power, etc.), and strength of opposition and political
culture of parties. As long as there is no absolute majority for the ruling party in the parliament, support of
the opposition and supporting political parties becomes essential for introducing any new policies or
enacting any new laws relating to any subject matter. Government policies in education are based on the
prevailing environment. Dual degree course, job oriented courses, vocational course, short-term courses
relating to information technology, specific courses/studies needed to get employment opportunities abroad
are planned based on the government policies in education. Uniform curriculum in all educational
institutions and uniformity in conducting examinations and publishing results are also the outcome of
government policies in education. Education to all is the primary objective of education policies of the
government. Government provides financial support and other infrastructural facilities for organizing
training programs to improve teaching skills to the teachers. Teacher education program is given priority.
Refresher and orientation course are conducted to the teachers of higher education in order to refresh them
with multi-faceted developments in various disciplines of education.
Technological Factors: Growing influence of telecommunication and advances in information
technology has significantly influenced the daily lives, as making the concept of global village a reality.
Higher education system has to accept this changing environment and adopt new technologies to break its
traditional boundaries. Similarly other scientific revolutions have influenced increasingly the areas of
research and teaching with greater emphasis on biomedical environment with the ultimate aim to inmprove
the quality of life. Academic autonomy warrants special efforts of the institution to provide appropriate
teaching and learning experiences to the students. The institutions and the faculty have to introduce teaching
aids and use of technology to make system learner-centered . An explosive growth in technology, on the
other hand, is providing a new wave of teaching tools, computer aided video instruction, hypermedia,
multimedia, CD-ROMs, LANS, Internet connections, and collaborative software environment. Video
conferencing and Internet allow people to communicate more effectively for pleasure, business, and
learning. Accessed through the World Wide Web, the Internet brings people a range and quantity of
information that would be impossible to find through any other source.
CURRENT TRENDS IN EDUCATION:
The world is changing constantly. What we know today may not be true a couple of days later. The
field of education is dynamic, just like the other industries. There are new discoveries and technologies
emerging every day that change the way we learn things, for good.
COVID-19 pandemic changed the course of the world, including the way we learn. While we are
reaching the light at the end of the tunnel, the world has picked up a few trends that can make education
easier and seamless for both teachers and students.
The following points are some of the current trends in education:-
1. Online Learning: To begin with, kicking off the popular trends in education list today is online
learning. Due to Covid-19 effects, over 1.2 billion children are out of school, globally. The lockdown
status occurred and extended in nearly almost the entire map. During the tough time, it is not possible for
teachers and learners to attend face-to-face classes. Many traditional classes transform into online classes.
And online learning seems to be the most productive way to remain and ensure educational quality.
2. Distance Learning: Among many global educational trends, distance learning cannot be missed out.
At first glance, some people may think that distance learning is similar to online learning. However, these
modern trends are not exactly the same. Each trend has its own specialist. With remote learning, learners can
get a course in the absence of in-person interactions. This proves that education can be carried on from
distances, no matter where we are.
3. Blended Learning: Since the growth of technology, blended learning is never out of the popular
educational trends list. With this method, you can make use of both face-to-face and eLearning training
methods. Thanks to that, learners become the center of learning. Meanwhile, teachers play the role of
mentors to orient learners. This modern trend not only boosts learners’ learning experiences but also wakes
their learning motivation up.
4. Homeschooling : It is also known as home education or elective home education (EHE), it is
the education of school-aged children at home or a variety of places other than a school. Usually conducted
by a parent, tutor, or an online teacher, many homeschool families use less formal, more personalized and
individualized methods of learning that are not always found in schools. It tends to become one of the
popular trends in recent years.
5. Flipped classroom: A growing number of schools are embracing the notion of flipped learning. It's
an instructional approach that reverses the traditional model of the teacher giving a lecture in front of the
class, then sending students home to work through assignments that enhance their understanding of the
concepts. In flipped learning, students watch lecture videos or read relevant course content on their own
before class. Class time is devoted to expanding on the material through group discussions and collaborative
learning projects (i.e., doing what was traditionally meant as homework). The instructor is there to guide
students when questions or problems arise.
Provided that all students have access to the appropriate technology and are motivated to prepare for each
class session, flipped learning can bring a wide range of benefits. For example, it allows students to control
their own learning by watching lecture videos at their own pace; they can pause, jot down questions, or re-
watch parts they find confusing. The model also encourages students to learn from each other and explore
subjects more deeply.
6. Pedocentric education: Student is the focus of present day education system. The interest is shifted
from the subject matter to the student and the teaching-learning process is largely directed by the nature and
needs of the learner. This basic shift in emphasis from the subject of instruction to the nature and needs of
the learner is based on the mathetic principle. The term mathetics is derived from the Greek word mathein
which means to learn. Mathetics is the science of behaviour of the pupil undergoing the process of learning.
Mathetics is in contrast to pedagogy whose main interest is in the behaviour of the teacher while instructing
pupils. The teacher today does not consider the child as a vessel waiting to be filled up with facts; nor as a
pliable plastic material which can be transformed into any shape enabling him to project his ideas on it. The
modern teacher considers each child as akin to a plant and helps the child to grow according to his abilities
and aptitudes. Teacher helps the child to learn. Progressive educationists like Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel,
Montessori, John Dewey and others have contributed to the development of a child-centered education. As a
result, education has become more interested in the 'whole child, all the thoughts, feelings and actions of the
individual pupil, in his mental and social development rather than presenting some information to him in a
ready-made form. In accordance with this trend, student s motivated to participate actively in the teaching-
learning process. This way of teaching by eliciting maximum student participation is called participatory
approach in teaching.
7. Teacher's role: The shift in emphasis from the teacher to the pupil in the process of education and
the carrying out of instructional activities with the realization of specific and clear-cut learning outcomes has
inevitably led to a reassessment of teacher’s roll in the classroom. The model of teacher as the pivotal and
dominant figure in education presenting a variety of information to pupils has practically disappeared.
Modern education transformed the teacher's role from a dictator to a friend of students. Teacher of today is
considered as a facilitator of learning, whose main duty is to prepare students for learning by enabling them
to actively participate in the teaching-learning process rather than simply spoon-feeding. The less the pupils
rely upon the teacher, the better. A successful teacher must enable his pupils to do without him.
8. Activity-centered: Modern education is activity-centered. We are currently giving more emphasis to
learning by doing. Curriculum of today is organized in terms of the tasks to be performed and goals to be
reached rather than in terms of lessons to be learned. This will provide knowledge and skills essential for
leading a good life. Teachers have to motivate the children to do experiments, search out facts for
themselves and undertake projects.
9. Creative education: One of the most significant trends in today's school is the encouragement of
creativity. Human advances come through original thought and intervention. Creative education is a good
medium to develop original thought and intervention.
10. More focus on life skills: Education now give more importance to life skills recommended by
World Health Organisation (WHO). Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable
humans to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of life. Life skills recommended by who
includes skills such as decision making, problem solving, creative thinking, critical thinking, effective
communication, self-awareness, assertiveness, empathy, equanimity, interpersonal relationship, stress
management and resilience.
11. Promotion of value education: Value education is the process of enabling children to develop
values essential for leading a successful life by way of educative process. Now education is giving more
importance to value education for grooming youngsters as good citizens and human beings.
12. Emphasis on collaboration than competition: In modern education emphasis is on collaboration or
cooperation than competition. This helps children to become good human beings with a mind-set to help
others.
13. More flexible options: Now, students can choose a program suitable to their aptitude and interest.
This will help student to find alternative career paths than traditional ones.
14. Promotion of critical thinking: Modern education follows critical pedagogy to promote critical
thinking among children. Critical thinking is essential for proper judgement and proper judgement is needed
for taking good decisions. By making good decision only one can build a desirable future and achieve
success in life.
15. Preference to experiential learning: Experiential learning is a method of educating through first-
hand experience. Experiential learning allows children to discover and understand through their own effort.
Activity-based learning environment promote experiential learning. In experiential learning, knowledge,
skills and experience are acquired mainly outside the traditional academic classroom setting and may
include internship, field trips, field research and project.
16. Ability-based learning: In ability-based learning, students are allowed to learn at their own pace.
Then students with same skill levels and ideas are grouped together, the stress lowers and they can learn
more easily.
17. More acceptance to MOOCs: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are free online courses
available for anyone to enroll. MOOCs provide an affordable and flexible way to provide quality education
to masses. Certain lectures, videos, and tests through MOOCs can be accessed at any time compared to
scheduled class times. By allowing learners to complete their coursework in their own time, this provides
flexibility to learners based on their own personal schedules
18. Outcome-based education: With the implementation of standards and new practices, education is
more outcome-based oriented than before. Outcome-based education or outcomes-based education (OBE) is
an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). By the end of
the educational experience, each student should have achieved the goal. There is no single specified style of
teaching or assessment in OBE; instead, classes, opportunities, and assessments should all help students
achieve the specified [Link] role of the faculty adapts into instructor, trainer, facilitator, and/or
mentor based on the outcomes targeted.
19. More freedom to teachers in instructional design: Teachers now enjoy more freedom in
developing suitable and relevant instructional methods. Teachers can follow innovative teaching methods
that enhance the all-round development of students.
20. More community participation: Considering the reciprocative relationship between education and
society, this is an expected trend. Education is seeking more community participation for solving its
problems. The presence of parent-teacher association in all most every educational institute is a good
example for the community participation. Parents' participation can also be elicited through socialized
projects and programs. The result is that parents and the teachers meet in small and large groups to discuss
their common problems. Funding of various projects in the technical institutes by the industrial sector is also
an example of this trend.
21. More reliance on technology: Technology exerts great influence on education as a tool for teaching
and learning. Judicious use of educational psychology in the development and practice of educational
technology has increased its user friendly nature considerably. Cost-effectiveness of technology-based
educational programs is good when compared to the cost of traditional programs. Education system
preferred technology not because it simplifies the teaching-learning process, but because technology
empowers new solutions. Technology will help the teachers to solve the emerging educational problems
created by factors like growing school population, heterogeneity of pupils in schools, divergent and even
confusing needs of learners, rapid development of new information, expanding curriculum and the social
changes arising from modernization. Developments in educational technology bring about changes and
shifts in educational goals which in turn stimulate the emergence of newer techniques. Technology of
education is being developed with the aim not only of making education more widely available but also ot
improving the quality of education. As stated earlier, the nature of emerging techniques or education has
been influenced by modern psychology. The facility for online education through information technology
enabled services has redefined the concept of non-formal education. With the wide spread use of computers
in education, computer-assisted learning and computer-assisted instruction are becoming common even in
the lower levels or education. Nowadays, universities are changing to virtual universities by fully utilizing
the technological advancements for imparting knowledge.
22. Increased acceptance of non-formal type of education : Universities and other elite educational
organizations have come out from glass towers for providing non-formal education through study centers
and regional centers. Some of them are generating more revenues through providing non-formal education
than the formal education. As said earlier, information technology enabled services has redefined the
concept of non-formal education. Different from the past, various forms of non-formal education like
correspondence education, distance education, etc., are gaining acceptance among the youth.
23. Increased opportunities for higher studies: In the present situation, a talented student can do
higher studies irrespective of the economic status. Doors of all elite universities in the world are kept open
for the talented young people and flexible educational loans are available for meeting the expenses of
education.
24. Methods of appraisal: Because of multiple educational goals, a comprehensive system of evaluation
is being evolved. The child's progress is judged by the comparison of his own work and achievements.
Latest methods of evaluation are based on a vision of learning and well-defined performance indicators. In
addition to the cognitive abilities, other abilities are also evaluated in a more objective manner.
25. Innovation in teaching and learning : Lot of innovations are taking place in teaching and learning
on a regular basis. These innovations will help in the intellectual development, personal development and
career development of the youth.
26. Educational quality assurance: Present day education system is more concerned about quality,
cost-effectiveness and accountability. Educational quality assurance is a process of monitoring and
evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of educational provision and to institute remedial measures as and
when needed.
27. Emergence of individual as a teaching unit : Class as a unit of teaching is disappearing. As a result
of the advancements in instructional planning and evaluation of learning, teachers realize the existence of
widely different backgrounds, differences in student abilities and interests. Hence the teachers of today
realize the need for presenting learning experience to suit individual difference existing among pupils by
using the media and methods generated by educational technology. In short, advancements in educational
technology motivated the teachers to view education as an individual activity rather than a classroom
activity.
28. Commercialization of education and presence of foreign universities : Due to misappropriation of
funds and scarcity of resources, government is finding it difficult to meet the educational demands of the
society, thereby denying opportunity for education to a vast majority of people. This has motivated the
government to concentrate more on the basic education. Now, government is withdrawing slowly from
providing higher education and allowing private sector to play a major role, subjected to certain social
control measures. If the government implement the social control measures properly, this approach would
bring spectacular changes in an otherwise gloomy educational scenario. Foreign universities are now
attracting Indian students by offering job-oriented programs. Since Indian universities are still continuing the
age old programs and very much reluctant to change according to the new trends in the international level,
India has become a gold mine for the foreign universities.
29. Bite-sized Learning (Microlearning): Last but not least, bite-sized learning becomes a nice ending
for the list of popular trends in education today. This learning style answers the concern of short-term
attention. It is said that the average student’s attention span is between 10 and 15 minutes. But it seems to
shorten for small children. So, bite-sized learning was born to offer clear and concise content to learners.
Thanks to that, learners may remain 100% attentive during every learning session.
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020 - CURRENT TRENDS IN EDUCATION IN INDIA:
In addition to all the current trends discussed above, one of the most important current trends in
education in India is the National Education Policy-2020 (NEP-2020) which was started by the Union
Cabinet of India on 29 July 2020. It outlines the vision of new education system of India. The new policy
replaces the previous National Policy on Education, 1986. The policy is a comprehensive framework for
elementary education to higher education as well as vocational training in both rural and urban India. The
policy aims to transform India's education system by 2030.
The special features of NEP-2020 include the followings:
1. Ensuring universal access at all Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12
2. Ensuring quality early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years
3. Restructuring the school curriculum and pedagogy in a new 5+3+3+4 design
4. No hard separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities,
between vocational and academic streams
5. Establishing National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy
6. Emphasis on promoting multilingualism and Indian languages. The medium of instruction until at
least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond, will be the home language/mother tongue/local
language/regional language.
7. Assessment reforms-board exams on up to two occasions during any given school year, one main
examination and one for improvement, if desired;
8. Setting up of a new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and
Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development)
9. Equitable and inclusive education-Special emphasis given on Socially and Economically
disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs)
10. A separate Gender Inclusion Fund and Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and
groups;
11. Robust and transparent processes for recruitment of teachers and merit-based performance
12. Ensuring availability of all resources through school complexes and clusters;
13. Setting up of State School Standards Authority (SSSA);
14. Exposure of vocational education in school and higher education system;
15. Increasing GER in higher education to 50%;
16. Holistic multidisciplinary education with multiple entry/exit options;
17. NTA to offer Common Entrance Exam for Admission to HEls;
18. Establishment of Academic Bank of Credit;
19. Setting up of Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs);
20. Setting up of the National Research Foundation (NRF);
21. Light but Tight' regulation;
22. Single overarching umbrella body for promotion of higher education sector, including teacher
education and excluding medical and legal education-the Higher Education Commission of India
(HEC) with independent bodies for standard setting-the General Education Council; funding-Higher
Education Grants Council (HEGC); accreditation-National Accreditation Council (NAC; and
regulation-National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC):
23. Expansion of open and distance learning to increase GER.
24. Internationalization of Education
25. Professional Education will be an integral part of the higher education system. Stand-alone technical
universities, health science universities, legal and agricultural universities, or institutions in these or
other fields, will aim to become multidisciplinary institutions.
26. Teacher Education-4-year integrated stage-specific, subject specific.
27. Establishing a National Mission for Mentoring.
28. Creation of an autonomous body, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) to provide a
platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment,
planning, administration. Appropriate integration of technology into all levels of education.
29. Achieving 100% youth and adult literacy.
30. Multiple mechanisms with checks and balances will combat and stop the commercialization of
higher education.
31. All education institutions will be held to similar standards of audit and disclosure as a 'not for profit'
entity.
32. The center and the states will work together to increase the public investment in the education sector
to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
33. Strengthening of the Central Advisory Board of Education to ensure coordination to bring overall
focus on quality education.
34. Ministries of Education: In order to bring the focus back on education and learning, it may be
desirable to re-designate MHRD as the Ministry of Education (MoE).
CURRENT ISSUES IN EDUCATION:
Even though it is not possible to predict all future educational issues, or know every detail of the
sector's current situation, Being aware of what is going on in the teaching world and how this affects the
outcome of education is very important. Especially, the Indian Education System has its own share of issues
and challenges which need to be resolved so as to provide better and improved education to children, who
are the future of the country. Over the years, a lot has changed in the Indian education system but still, there
are many loopholes and problems which need to be resolved
1. Mainstreaming: Mainstreaming is the practice of placing physically, emotionally, or mentally
challenged students in a regular classroom instead of a special education classroom. Educators continue to
debate the merits and problems of mainstreaming. In general, the practice seems to work best for students
who can still keep pace with their peers in the classroom, and less well for students with more severe
challenges. Experts note that exceptions do occur on both accounts and recommend careful consideration on
a case‐by‐case basis.
2. Public-versus-private education: Most of the public‐versus‐private discussion centers on public
education. One cannot ignore the effect of private education and home schooling on education, however,
many parents who are dissatisfied with the quality of public education, who want specific personal or
religious values integrated into the curriculum, turn to private and parochial schools. Studies have found that
private schools maintain higher expectations and that students in these schools generally outperform their
public school peers
3. Quality of education in rural and urban area – There is a major difference in the quality of
education being provided in the rural and urban areas of the country. Steps must be taken to standardize the
quality of education across India so that everyone can get equal and unbiased knowledge and opportunities
to grow
4. Lack of money: The absence of sufficient assets is a fundamental issue in the improvement of
education. Because of poor economics, most instructive institutions need the framework, science gear and
libraries, and so on. Because of this, the desired outcomes cannot be achieved.
Every year there is a separate budget for the Education sector but it needs to be well directed through
the appropriate pipeline so that it reaches every sector, where it is needed the most.
5. No practical knowledge: In educational institutions, lots of attention is provided to theory and
books, and practical knowledge is completely neglected. When these students pass the exam, they forget all
the things they have studied due to a lack of practical experience. In India, parents and teachers expect their
students to score high in the exam rather than getting quality knowledge. And education becomes a rat race.
Practical knowledge and skill-based education are still very far away from scholars who are studying in
schools, colleges, and universities.
6. The problem of brain drain: Whenever smart, capable, and meriting candidates don’t get
reasonable positions in the nation. They need to travel to another country to look for employment. So our
nation is denied good ability. This wonder is called ‘Brain Drain’. Because of that, we lost so many talents
that could be utilized in our nation for the betterment of education as well as the overall development of the
country.
7. Cast reservation and paid seat: In the Indian education system, seats are reserved for reserved cast
and rich students. The education system should give equal chance to all students irrespective of their caste
and creed. In India, the child of a good rich family gets a good education just because of ample money
whereas the child of a poor family hardly gets a primary education. The government data disclose the better
reality that only 1 child out of 7 that takes birth in India goes to school. That problem should be conveyed
into notice as soon as possible and do some severe work to change the circumstances as soon as possible.
8. Outdated syllabus: There is an urgent requirement to modify the present system of higher education
in the country. We are required to ensure quality in education as well as quantity. Students are acquiring
knowledge from the outdated syllabus. Lots of technological and scientific advancements are taking place in
India. And hence the courses are Graduate and postgraduates need to be updated as per the modern and
technological development.
9. Corruption and leakages of funds: Most of the funds which are granted for the advancement of
schools are mostly consumed by corrupt mediators. As these funds transferred from central government to
state government to schools involve many intermediaries. Due to which a right beneficiary only gets a
certain part of the fund.
JOURNAL SUPPORT:
1. The Factors affecting the Education System of a Nation by Rajnikant S. Dodiya published in
RET Academy for International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research (RAIJMR) on Vol. 6,
Issue: 2, February 2018.
Abstract:
The Education system of any nation is always affected and influenced by some ultimate factors
that shape the whole education system in some kind of formation and also lead to certain
direction. The present article is about the factors affecting the education system of a nation. It
narrates how various factors such as historical and cultural factors, aims of nation, political,
social and scientific factors and educational planning play a significant role in developing and
extending education in a country. The author has read different books related to the development
of education, analyzed the major ideas and derived these factors. The factors in this article
include Historical and Cultural factors, Nation’s Life-Perspectives, Goals and Aims, Political,
Social and Scientific factors and the Education Planning. These factors in its major form include
various sub-factors that can extensively affect the education system.
2. An Empirical Study on NEP 2020 [National Education Policy] with Special Reference to the
Future of Indian Education System and Its effects on the Stakeholders by Pawan Kalyani
published on Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume
7 Issue 5, Oct 2020, Online ISSN: 2394 – 8124
ABSTRACT: Education plays a powerful role in building nation, education decides the future of
the nation, the destiny of its people. The impact will be a long-lasting one in terms of growth and
development of the nation and citizen. The role of education and its importance cannot be
ignored in today’s scenario. The growth and development can be seen if we compare the pre
independence and post - independence era. After 34 years Indian Govt. is going to change the
way we study, this is the third amendment in the education policy. There are many changes
proposed in new National Education Policy 2020 that would certainly effect all the stakeholders.
In this paper the author is going to explore about National Education Policy 2020 and its effects
on the stakeholders and also try to bring awareness and future impact of National Education
Policy 2020 by asking a series of questions floated on all the available social media and
analyzing the same.
3. NEP 2020: A Crtitical examination by Ranghachar Govinda published on Social change journal
on its Volume 50 issue no.4 of 2020.
CONCLUDING STATEMENT: Two concluding observations would be pertinent. First, a
national policy document essentially articulates the policy of the state laying before the public
what the government of the day wants to do. A primary focus of the exercise has to be on setting
out the agenda for reforming the public system of education in which the government has a direct
stake. This is also of central importance in India with its iniquitous social structure and increasing
economic inequality where the people living in poverty and the marginalised continue to depend
solely on public provisioning. It is therefore just and reasonable to expect that the NEP prioritised
proposals and actions related to these sections of the population, even while keeping the overall
development of the country in view. Unfortunately, this perspective is largely missing in the
present policy. Secondly, envisioning the educational future of India demands policymakers to be
unconventional and idealistic and cannot be wholly bogged down by present predicaments. But
this does not give us freedom to be unrealistic and oblivious of the limitations placed by the
social context and economic capabilities. What Indian education needs at the present juncture is a
policy that engages with the immediate present first and then the distant future promising a new
world class system. Is it wrong to expect that the policy should promise only what will be
delivered? Perhaps for a small section of the Indian society the grand proposal of making India a
global knowledge power with a world class education system may sound marvellous and fully
achievable. They probably possess private means to reach those great heights but, in the process,
leave behind those at the bottom of the pyramid who depend on public provisioning to try
climbing up with the help of a broken ladder.
4. New Education Policy 2020 of India: A Theoretical Analysis by Dr. Hemlata Verma and Adarsh
Kumar, International Journal of Business and Management Research (IJBMR), Volume 9, Issue
3, Pages 302-306 , 2021
ABSTRACT: Education has a key and decisive role in this scenario of contingencies. The
National Education Policy 2020 has therefore been transformed into the framework of this
reform, which could help to build a new education system in the country, in addition to
strengthening those economic and social indicators. That still needs to be improved. NEP 2020
provides for quality higher education through multidisciplinary universities and autonomous
colleges. We have critically examined the policy in this paper and proposed changes to ensure a
seamless continuum with its predecessor in addition to its predecessor, boosting its importance.
The current paper describes the analysis of the requirements for NEP 2020 provisions and
management practices at the university level. Recommendations are made for the design and
implementation of NEPs at national and HEIs (Higher Education levels)
5. COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making by Jandhyala Tilak
published on Social change journal Volume 51, issue no.4 of 2021.
ABSTRACT:
This article briefly reviews the devastating impact of COVID-19 on the education sector in India.
Focussing on school education, it also critically examines how effective online learning, the only
major way adopted during the pandemic, has been in the delivery of education and whether it is a
reliable alternative method of teaching and learning in India. It also briefly outlines a few
important strategies required for the recovery of loss incurred and to face emerging challenges in
education in India.
6. Digital learning and the lopsidedness of the education in government and private primary schools
during the COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India. Research done by Bappa Sarkar, Nazul
Islam, Pinky Das, Abdul Miraj, Manoj Dakua, Manoj Debnath & Rajan Roy published on E-
learning & digital media on 2022
ABSTRACT:
Since March 2020, all academic institutions have been closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
and have been encouraged online mode students in West Bengal, India. The most profound
negative effect of the school closure has been noticed on primary education. This research
examines how school closures in both government and private primary schools in West Bengal
result in uneven teaching-learning opportunities in formal and non-formal education during the
COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted based on an online survey in West
Bengal using a structured questionnaire. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Shapiro-Wilk Test,
Pearson Chi-squared (χ2) test, and logistic regression were used to check the relationships
among the variables. Based on 473 responses to an online survey administered to the parents and
educated family members of 3–10 years aged children from both government and private
primary schools in West Bengal, the authors’ analysis shows the teaching-learning opportunities
varied significantly. Further, the study revealed a noticeable gap between government and
private primary schools. The study depicts that students from urban areas have more
accessibility to online education than those living in rural areas. The study revealed that 98.7%
of private schools and 33.7% of students from government primary schools could access online
education. Statistically significant differences were observed between both categories of schools
in academic affairs during the pandemic.
SUMMARIZATION OF JOURNAL SUPPORT:
1. From the above article, the evidence of impact of social, cultural, economy, political and technological
factors on the educational system can be seen and it shows that some factors are responsible for the
expansion of education, some make a way for the new flows coming in education and some factors
present goals and aims of education which can be seen in any nation’s life-perspectives.
2. The researchers also study about The new National Education Policy, 2020, which has been approved
by the central government to change the Indian education system to meet the needs of 21st century
India, if it is implemented successfully, this new system will make India one of the world's leading
countries. Equivalent Under the new education policy, 2020,children from 3 years to 18 years have
been placed under the Right to Education Act, 2009. The aim of this new education policy, which came
after 34 years, is to provide higher education to all students, which aims to universalize pre-primary
education (age range of 3-6 years) by 2025.
3. Covid-19 pandemic has created financial insecurity in lower-income families, and, therefore, children
education is ignored as well. The authors’ analysis shows the teaching-learning opportunities varied
significantly in rural and urban area of the country. Further, the study revealed a noticeable gap
between government and private primary schools. Statistically significant differences were observed
between both categories of schools in academic affairs during the pandemic. Urban populations has
more and better opportunity in regards to educational system compared with rural populations during
pandemic raising an issue in education.
7. have been closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and
8. have been encouraged online mode students in West Bengal, India. The most profound negative
9. effect of the school closure has been noticed on primary education. This research examines how
10.
CONCLUSION:
In the ever-changing world that we live in, one of the best things is keeping up with the trends. Just
like we all keep up with one another on our community, it is important to do the same as trends emerge
within the education system. While it can be tempting to stick with the tried-and-true things we have done
over the years, integrating trending things as they come up will keep us in the right track. We must
remember the growth of economy, social and technological change has an impact on educational system.
For educators to properly engage our students, we must remain abreast of these latest changes and key
factors that affect learning in the classroom. The understanding of these trends and issues can help us create
more effective learning environments.
BIBLIOGRAPHIES:
Govinda, R. (2020) NEP 2020 : A critical examination. Social change. 50(4), 603 – 607
[Link]
Kalyani, P. (2020) An Empirical Study on NEP 2020 [National Education Policy] with Special
Reference to the Future of Indian Education System and Its effects on the Stakeholders.
Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT). 7(5), 1-17.
[Link]
Major issues in Indian education system (n.d). Byju’s Exam Prep. [Link]
education-system-issues-and-challenges/
Roy, K., Ghosh, A., Dutta, J. & Ghosh, P.K. (2021) National Education Policy 2020 - Meeting
sustainable development goals. HSRA publication.
Sankaranarayanan, B. & Gopinathan, S.(2021) Learning and teaching in Nursing. Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
Sarkar, B., Islam, N., Das, P., Miraj, A., Dakua, M., Debnath, M. & Roy, R. (2022) Digital learning
and the lopsidedness of the education in government and private primary schools during the
COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India. E-learning and digital media. 0(0), 1-25
DOI:10.1177/20427530221117327
Sodhi, J.K. (2022) Comprehensive Textbook of Nursing Education. Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd.
Sudha, R. (2021) Nursing Education – Principles and concepts. Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd.
Swain, Rachel. (October, 2022) Current educational issues. Prospects.
[Link]
education/current-educational-issues
Teacher’s Corner: Education trends and issues in the world today (n.d) American English.
[Link]
world-today
The top educational trends you need to be aware in 2022 (2022) Edsembli.
[Link]
Tilak, J. B. G. (2021). COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making.
Social Change. 51(4), 493–513. [Link]
Verma, H. & Kumar, A. (2021) New Education Policy 2020 of India: A Theoretical Analysis.
International Journal of Business and Management Research (IJBMR). 9(3), 302-306.
DOI:10.37391/IJBMR.090308
negative effect of the school closure has been noticed on primary education. This research
examines how school closures in both government and private primary schools in West Bengal
result in uneven teaching-learning opportunities in formal and non-formal education during the
COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted based on an online survey in West
Bengal using a structured questionnaire. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Shapiro-Wilk Test,
Pearson Chi-squared (χ2) test, and logistic regression were used to check the relationships
among the variables. Based on 473 responses to an online survey administered to the parents and
educated family members of 3–10 years aged children from both government and private
primary schools in West Bengal, the authors’ analysis shows the teaching-learning opportunities
varied significantly. Further, the study revealed a noticeable gap between government and
private primary schools. The study depicts that students from urban areas have more
accessibility to online education than those living in rural areas. The study revealed that 98.7%
of private schools and 33.7% of students from government primary schools could access online
education. Statistically significant differences were observed between both categories of schools
in academic affairs during the pandemic.
SUMMARIZATION OF JOURNAL SUPPORT:
1. From the above article, the evidence of impact of social, cultural, economy, political and technological
factors on the educational system can be seen and it shows that some factors are responsible for the
expansion of education, some make a way for the new flows coming in education and some factors
present goals and aims of education which can be seen in any nation’s life-perspectives.
2. The researchers also study about The new National Education Policy, 2020, which has been approved
by the central government to change the Indian education system to meet the needs of 21st century
India, if it is implemented successfully, this new system will make India one of the world's leading
countries. Equivalent Under the new education policy, 2020,children from 3 years to 18 years have
been placed under the Right to Education Act, 2009. The aim of this new education policy, which came
after 34 years, is to provide higher education to all students, which aims to universalize pre-primary
education (age range of 3-6 years) by 2025.
3. Covid-19 pandemic has created financial insecurity in lower-income families, and, therefore, children
education is ignored as well. The authors’ analysis shows the teaching-learning opportunities varied
significantly in rural and urban area of the country. Further, the study revealed a noticeable gap
between government and private primary schools. Statistically significant differences were observed
between both categories of schools in academic affairs during the pandemic. Urban populations has
more and better opportunity in regards to educational system compared with rural populations during
pandemic raising an issue in education.
CONCLUSION:
In the ever-changing world that we live in, one of the best things is keeping up with the trends. Just
like we all keep up with one another on our community, it is important to do the same as trends emerge
within the education system. While it can be tempting to stick with the tried-and-true things we have done
over the years, integrating trending things as they come up will keep us in the right track. We must
remember the growth of economy, social and technological change has an impact on educational system.
For educators to properly engage our students, we must remain abreast of these latest changes and key
factors that affect learning in the classroom. The understanding of these trends and issues can help us create
more effective learning environments.
