Language Used in

Academic Texts
from Various
Disciplines
Lesson 1 - EAPP
 Defining Key Words

Academic A kind of writing used

articles, books,
01 Writing in school
journals and
newspapers.
 Defining Key Words
The teachers,
02 Subject The topic of the text students, government
officials
 Defining Key Words
Attitude of the author
03 Tone towards the text Angry, happy, sad, etc.

Example:
What happened? You’re late!....
annoyed neutral concerned

• Your point of view affects your attitudes, and your attitudes affect how you express yourself.
ATTITUDES AND OPINIONS AFFECT YOUR TONE.
• Tone can be affected by the Word Choice of the writer (DICTION.)
For Example:
Your lateness is irritating.
Your lateness is infuriating.
You have no idea how utterly infuriating your lateness is!
 Defining Key Words

words used by the writer in discussing the

04 Language topic;the langauge is expected to be formal

Formal Writing
Formal writing is the use of sophisticated language, without slang or
colloquialisms. Formal diction sticks to grammatical rules and uses
complicated syntax - the structure of sentences.
Example in Simple Sentence:

● Would you care to explain the reason behind your decision to leave the gathering early?
● The man spoke to his father in a low voice so others could not hear.
● His terrible temper would not endear him to many if he refuses to control her outbursts.
 Defining Key Words
05 Audience readers of the text The teachers, students,
government officials

how an author tells 1st Person, 2nd

06 Point of View the information Person, 3rd Person

1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person

I, We, Me, Mine, Ours You, Yourself, Your, He, She, They, The
Yours, Yourselves Researchers
 Defining Key Words

How the author arranges his/her writing,

07 Style techniques and strategies

Caution
Idiomatic/Colloquial/Slang Personal Adverbs YES Possibly,seems,appears,co
NO Kids/Gonna/Stuff
NO Suprisingly, Fortunately, uld,may, etc....
etc...
Complex Grammar Structures

Academic Style YES

Nominalisation/Noun structures,
Phrasal Verbs analysis of the data
NO Go up/look up, etc...
of Writing YES Referencing Systems
APA Harvard
Personal Pronouns
NO I,We, In my Opinion, etc... NO Contractions
It’ll, isn’t, couldn’t, etc..... YES Academic Vocabulary
See A.W.L
 Defining Key Words
amount of information poured into the text/shows
08 Knowledge expertise of the author on his/her topic.

information should be precise and exact -

09 Explicitness using clea conjunctions and connectors

Example:
Statement 1: Schools hope to provide quality education to the learners.
Statement 2: Having this COVID-19 pandemic requires a lot of effort to reach
out students.
Schools hope to provide quality education to the learners. However, having
this COVID-a9 pandemic requires a lot of effort to reach out students
 Purpose of Writing Academic Texts
Writing Academic Texts
• Formal Language is used in
To Academic Texts
persuade
• Avoid using COLLOQUIAL or
To inform JARGON words.

• Avoid using Hifalutin words.

• Word Choice should be only in
To argue LAYMAN’S TERM.

• Paper should be backed up

with valid evidences from
credible sources.
 Four Features of Language

Explicitnes
Formality Objectivity Caution
s

1 2 3 4

3
 Four Features of Language
Formality

• Your dignified stance in writing

• SInce you are writing for a community, avoid
colloquial words and expressions
1
How to Achieve Formality in Writing Academic
ONE-WORD vs. TWO-WORD
Texts
• Choosing expanded forms over contracted forms of • Calculate - James added up the
words DON’T  DO NOT/SHOULDN’T  number of attendees in his party.
• Purchase (someone’s assets) -
SHOULD NOT The large company bought out
• Avoid using ABBREVIATIONS; the smaller ones.
• Continue - The meeting will carry
Dept./Est./Ave./tom/ASAP on even without your presence.
• Avoid using COLLOQUIAL/IDIOMATIC • Discover - The purpose of this
EXPRESSIONS meeting is to find out what might
be your idea about our new
• Choose one-word verbs over two-word verbs project.
 Four Features of Language
Objectivity Third-Person Point of View

• We need to follow instructions. 

• The researchers need to follow
• The focus of information is on the TOPIC rather than instructions. 
the writer him/herself

2
Ways to Achieve Objectivity in Writing Academic
Texts
• Avoid using personal pronouns; always use third
person point of view
• Avoid rhetorical questions. Emotive Language
• Avoid emotive language.
• The police investigators were
shocked to see the results of the
tests. 
• The police investigators did not
expect the results. . 
 Four Features of Language
Explicitness CONNECTORS &
CONJUNCTIONS
EMPHAS ADDITION CONTR ORDER
• The clarity of the writing structure. IS AST
• Use clear and precise language. • Undoub • Additiona • unlike • first/firstl
• Use conjunctions and other connectors. tedly
• obviousl
lly/an
additiona
• nevert
heless •
y
second/s
y • on the econdly

3 •
•
indeed
particul
arly/in
•
l
furtherm
ore
other
hand
• nonet
•

•
third/thir
dly
finally
particular • also heless • at this
• especial • too • dspite time
Ways to Achieve Explicitness in Writing Academic ly
• clearly
• as well /in spite of
• in
•
•
following
previousl
as that
Texts •
ntly
importa
• along
contrast
(to) •
y’
before
• Use clear and precise language. •
ely
absolut
•
with
besides
•
•
while
altern
• subsequ
ently
• Use conjunctions and other connectors. •
y
definitel • in atively
• conve
•
•
above all
last but
addition
• without • moreover rsely not the
a doubt • not only- • even least
• never so • first and
• it
but also • differi foremost
should be • in ng from
noted addition
to this
• apart
from this
 Four Features of Language
Caution

• The careful attention to avoid sweeping generalization

4
Ways to Achieve Caution in Writing Academic Texts

• Avoid hasty generalization.

• Use modal verbs, adverbs, verbs to improve the
statement.
Writing Styles
(Four Main Types)
Lesson 1.2 - EAPP
 Writing Style
-way of writing
-how do you explain or write a topic; through stories, facts,
descriptions, or arguments
 Four Main Types of Writing Styles

Narrative Expository Descriptive Persuasive

Narrative

Author tells a story; it can be fictional or non-fictional

Expository
Exposes the topic by providing facts to explain it.
It Requires extensive research and unbias information
Descriptive Describes the topic.
It becomes more effective with the use of Sensory Images
Persuasive
Also known as Argumentative Writing.