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Circle Theorems and Congruent Arcs

1. If the central angles in the same or congruent circles are congruent, then the minor arcs or intercepted arcs are congruent. 2. If a line through the center of the circle is perpendicular to a chord, it bisects the chord and its arc. 3. If two chords in the same or congruent circles are equidistant from the center, then the two chords are congruent. 4. If all the vertices of a quadrilateral lie on a circle, then opposite angles are supplementary.

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266 views3 pages

Circle Theorems and Congruent Arcs

1. If the central angles in the same or congruent circles are congruent, then the minor arcs or intercepted arcs are congruent. 2. If a line through the center of the circle is perpendicular to a chord, it bisects the chord and its arc. 3. If two chords in the same or congruent circles are equidistant from the center, then the two chords are congruent. 4. If all the vertices of a quadrilateral lie on a circle, then opposite angles are supplementary.

Uploaded by

Milan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Name: _________________________________________ Grade 10 - _________________________________

Theorems related to circles

A. Theorem on Congruent Arcs and Chords

In the same circle or congruent circles, if their central angles are congruent, then the
two minor arcs or intercepted arcs are congruent.

Other theorems:

In the circle 0, minor arcs are AC, AB, BD, DC. AB ≅ CD since AB ≅ CD

In the circle 0, If AB ≅ CD then, AB ≅ CD.

In the circle 0, If ∠ AOB ≅ ∠COD then, AB ≅ CD.

In the circle 0, If AB ≅ CD then, ∠ AOB ≅ ∠ COD .


B. Theorem on Diameter Perpendicular to Chord

If a line through the center of the circle is perpendicular to the chord, it bisects a chord and its arc.

Note : CPCTC: corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent

In Circle P, PX ⊥ AB.
1. Using the figure on the right, if AB = 56 and PA =35. Find PX .
Solution:
1
Since AB= 56 , AX = ( AB ), AX =28
2
1
[ AX is ( AB) because PX bisects AB which will have AX∧BX .]
2
By the Pythagorean Theorem,

1
C. Theorem on Two Chords Equidistant from the Center of the Circle

In the same circle or in congruent circles, if the two chords are equidistant from the center, then the two chords
are congruent.

D. Theorem about the Vertices of a Quadrilateral that lie on the Circle.

If all the vertices of a quadrilateral lie on the circle, then opposite angles are supplementary.

The figure shows quadrilateral PQRS where P,Q,R,S are on the circle O. Answer the following questions.
a. ) If m∠PQR = 80° , find m∠PSR.
Solution:
Since ∠ PQR + ∠ PSR = 180°
We have, ∠ PSR = 180° - ∠ PQR
= 180° - 80°
∠ PSR = 100°

CONTENT SUMMARY
1. If the central angle in the same circle or congruent circles, are congruent, then _______________________.
2. If a line through the center of the circle Is perpendicular to a chord, then ____________________________.
3. If the two chords in the same circle or in congruent circles, are equidistant from the center, then
_________________________.
4. If all the vertices of the quadrilateral lie on a circle, then ________________________________________.

EVALUATION
A. Tell whether the statement is always, sometimes, or never true.
_____________ 1. Two circles with congruent radii are congruent circles.
_____________ 2. A circle is congruent to itself.
_____________ 3. A line perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord.
_____________ 4. In the circle, two chords of the same distance from the center are congruent.
_____________ 5. If a segment bisects a chord, then that segment is perpendicular to a chord.
_____________ 6. A chord can have an end point in the exterior of the circle.
_____________ 7. Two circles having the same center are congruent circles.
_____________ 8. A radius bisects a chord of a circle.
_____________ 9. If the vertices of a quadrilateral lie in the circle, the opposite angles are congruent.
2
_____________ 10. The two radii of the circle are the diameter of the circle.
B. Answer the following. Show your solutions.
1. Using the figure on the right side, AC is the diameter of ⨀ P.
PD ⊥ AB, AB is a chord,
a. If AP=10 and PD=6 , AB= _____________.
b. If AC=12 and PD = 3, AB=¿_____________.
c. If AB=24 , PD = 5, AP=¿________________.
d. If AC = 30 and AB=24 , PD = ____________.

2. Given: ⨀ O, diameter SR ⊥ PQ
m PS = 115°
PQ=12
RS = 16
Find: a.) PT =¿ ¿
b.) PO=¿ ¿
c.) m PQ = _______
d.) m RQ = _______
e. m ∠ POR = _______
f.) m SQ = ________

3. Given ⨀ P with chord AB and DC


m ∠ APB = 50
AB=15
Find the length of DC .

4. On ⨀ O, AB ≅ CD , AB = 8x + 15 and CD = 11x -9
Find BE.
Hint: 8x + 15 = 11x – 9
Since AB ≅ CD

Common questions

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When a line through the center of a circle is perpendicular to a chord, it not only bisects the chord (divides it into two equal parts) but also bisects the arc the chord subtends. This results from the perpendicular intersection which ensures symmetrical division, as supported by "A line perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord" .

If all the vertices of a quadrilateral lie on a circle, then opposite angles are supplementary. This is concluded from the statement "If all the vertices of a quadrilateral lie on the circle, then opposite angles are supplementary" .

Typically, a chord is defined as a line segment with both endpoints on the circle. Therefore, a chord cannot have an endpoint in the exterior of the circle. This aligns with the statement, "A chord can have an end point in the exterior of the circle," which is generally considered false .

Given a diameter perpendicular to a chord, the problem can be approached using the Pythagorean theorem by dividing the chord at the perpendicular. For example, if AC=30 and AB=24, with diameter perpendicular to AB, the length PD can be found by setting up the equation 30^2 = 12^2 + PD^2, solving for PD .

Two circles are considered congruent if they have the same radius, because congruence in geometry implies that all corresponding linear dimensions, including radii, are identical. This statement aligns with "Two circles with congruent radii are congruent circles" which is listed as always true in the evaluation section .

If AC is the diameter of circle P and PD is perpendicular to chord AB, then you can use the Pythagorean theorem to find AB. For example, if AP=10 and PD=6, you can calculate the length of AB considering that PD divides the chord into two equal parts such that AP^2 + PD^2 = (AB/2)^2 .

If a line through the center of the circle is perpendicular to a chord, it bisects the chord and its arc. The perpendicularity of the diameter to the chord ensures that the chord is divided into two equal parts as stated "If a line through the center of the circle is perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord and arc" .

In the same circle or in congruent circles, if the two chords are equidistant from the center, then the two chords are congruent. This is stated as, "In the same circle or in congruent circles, if the two chords are equidistant from the center, then the two chords are congruent" .

In a cyclic quadrilateral, opposite angles are supplementary, meaning they add up to 180°. If you know one angle, the other can be found by subtracting the known angle from 180°. For instance, if m∠PQR = 80°, then m∠PSR = 180° - 80° = 100° .

In congruent circles, if their central angles are congruent, then the two minor arcs or intercepted arcs are also congruent. This is seen in the theorem: "In the same circle or congruent circles, if their central angles are congruent, then the two minor arcs or intercepted arcs are congruent" .

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