Lesson 3
English 4 / Civil Engineering Dept.
University of Kufa
study year 2021-2022
Lecturer: Asst. Prof. Dr.
Hussein Shakir Al-Bahrani
Subjects
1. Apostrophes
2. Frequency adverbs
3. Collocations with HAVE
4. Collocations with PAY
5. Collocation with BREAK
1. Apostrophes
Use apostrophes for:
possession (belongs to someone / something). For example:
the boy's computer = his computer (singular)
the boys' computer = their computer (plural)
contractions (missing letters). For example:
I'm = I am , doesn't = does not, the student's = the student has/is
Practice1. Look at sentences 1 – 4. Which 's endings show possession? Which are
contraction?
1. Nori's got a puncture.
2. Nori's car is in the garage.
3. Nori's late.
4. Have you got Nori's phone number?
2. Frequency adverbs
When you describe a routine, use adverbs of frequency to say how often you do
something. For example: (usually, sometimes, often, never, rarely, …)
With the verb to be, the adverb of frequency comes after the main verb. For
example: Beth is sometimes late with her essays.
With other verbs, the adverb of frequency comes before the main verb. For
example: Hadi usually drives to the college.
Practice2. Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of frequency.
1. Maureen likes studying at night. (usually) Maureen usually likes studying at night.
2. Why is Yuki late for work? (always) Why is Yuki always late for work?
3. It rains in the summer where I live. (never) It never rains in the summer where I live.
4. I read the newspaper. (often) I often read the newspaper.
5. The winters are long and cold in my country. (usually)
The winters are usually long and cold in my country.
rate of adverb of example
frequency frequency
100% always He always gives flowers to Marry.
85% usually I usually take two buses per day.
75% frequently She frequently goes to the park.
60% often We often miss the English class.
50% sometimes They sometimes play soccer until the night.
40% occasionally I occasionally travel by work.
30% rarely You rarely mix friendship with business.
20% seldom He seldom lends something.
10% hardly ever We hardly ever play vediogame.
0% never I never go out without money.
Practice 3. Put the words in the right order to make sentences.
months / form / usually / in / summer / the / hurricanes
The hurricanes usually form in summer months.
weekend / never / at / studies / Tony / the
Tony never studies at the weekend.
are / night / at / cold / sometimes / deserts
Deserts are sometimes cold at night.
to / don't / cinema / often / I / go / the
I often don’t go to the cinema.
India / September / in / beautiful / always / weather / in / the / is
The weather in India is always beautiful in September.
3. Collocations with HAVE
Collocations are linking two words or more to give a new meaning of
the main word.
I have a
headache
They have a conversation Have a baby
4. Collocations with PAY
Collocations are linking two words or more to give a new meaning of
the main word.
Pay the price
Pay their
respect
Pay fine
Pay cash
5. Collocations with BREAK
Collocations are linking two words or more to give a new meaning of
the main word.
Break
Break
the ice
free
Break
someone's heart
Break a promise
break the news
Break a habit to someone
Thank you for
listening
