SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

EMPOWERMENT
TECHNOLOGY
Quarter 1 – Module 1
ICT in the Context of Global Communication

Source image: id.techinasia.com

Prepared by: ROZZ O. PENASO

SIXIE

SHS Teacher III

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Empowerment Technology for Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: ICT in the Context of Global Communication
First Edition, 2019

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Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD

Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM;
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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

EMPOWERMENT
TECHNOLOGY
Quarter 1 – Module 1
ICT in the Context of Global Communication

This instructional material is collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendation to the Department of Education
at [email protected]

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

i
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW:
Overview
Hello dear learners! Welcome to this module on Empowerment Technology.
This module will help you explore the different technologies and online platforms and
how they can be used effectively. It contains activities that will let you create your
own ICT contents and evaluate existing online creation tools, platforms, and
applications. The module is self – instructional and allows you to learn in your own
space, at your own pace. So, relax and enjoy learning.

Module Content

First Quarter Module 1: ICT in the Context of Global Communication will

give you an introduction into ICT and the different online platforms that may be used
for its specific purpose. It will also tackle on online safety, security, and online
etiquette. You will be able to get tips on how to maximize the power of the Internet to
assist you in your research work through discussing research tools and evaluating
relevant and reliable websites.
Module 2: Productivity Tools will help you on using advanced knowledge in
Word, PowerPoint, and Excel applications. This module will also allow you to critic
on good qualities of web design.

To get the most of this module, here are some reminders for you:

1. Take your time in reading the lessons.

2. Write down points for clarification and discuss this with your teacher.
3. Perform all activities and answer all worksheets.
4. Answer all tests in this module and check your answers to the answer key
found on page 14.
5. Answer all activities in a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.
6. Have fun while learning with this module. It will totally be of great use which
ever strand you may belong because ICT is for everybody.

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 Learning Competencies

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied online platforms, sites, and
content to best achieve specific class objectives or address situational
challenges.

2. Evaluate existing online creation tools, platforms and applications in

developing ICT content for specific professional tracks.

3. Apply online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette standards and practice in
the use of ICTs as it would relate to their specific professional tracks.

4. Use the Internet as a tool for credible research and information gathering to
best achieve specific class objectives or address situational.

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
LESSON 1: What is Information and Communications
Technology?

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) often deals with

the use of different technologies such as mobile phones, telephones, computer,
Internet, and other devices, as well as software and applications to locate, save,
send, and manipulate information. Empowering ICT is important for its innovative
uses impacts our daily lives. It has affected our ways of communicating, made our
lives more convenient, and assisted countries towards their modernization plans.
Thus, there is a need to create a foundation of understanding in the world of ICT.

What are my goals?

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify varied online platforms and sites.
2. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied online platforms, sites, and
content to best achieve specific class objectives or address situational
challenges.
3. Evaluate existing online creation tools, platforms and applications in
developing ICT content.

WHAT I KNOW
You must be excited to flip over the pages and begin with the lessons.
But first, please answer the pre-test to measure what topics have you known so far.

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.

1. What type of web page is classified as flat or stationary?

A. Web 1.0 B. Web 2.0 C. Web 3.0 D. Web 4.0

2. What web 2.0 feature allows users to subscribe to a data plan that charges for
the amount of time spent on the internet?
A. Folksonomy B. Long Tail C. User Participation D. Application

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3. What is the name of the symbol that is used to classify and categorize
information?
A. Hashtag B. Question Mark C. Asterisk D. At sign
4. What specific type of social media allows you to connect with other people?
A. Microblogging C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Social News

5. Twitter is an example of what specific type of social media?

A. Microblogging C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Social News

6. YouTube and Instagram are examples of what specific type of social media?
A. Blogs and Forums C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Bookmarking Sites

7. What specific type of social media allows its users to post their original
content on websites such as WordPress, Blogger, and Tumblr?
A. Blogs and Forums C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Bookmarking Sites

8. What type of social media allows you to manage links to various websites?
A. Blogs and Forums C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Bookmarking Sites

9. What do you call the global system of interconnected computer networks that
use servers to link billions of devices worldwide?
A. Websites B. Web browser C. Internet D. World Wide Web

10. What type of web page is classified as a dynamic page?

A. Web 1.0 B. Internet C. Web 2.0 D. Web 3.0

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 WHAT’S IN
Reflect on the following questions:
✓ How many times have you checked your phone this morning?
✓ How many updates have you posted on Facebook, Twitter, or
Instagram today?
✓ Do you use the internet/ mobile for an hour after you woke up this
morning?
✓ Have you followed a celebrity/ a crush on his/ her social media
account?

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) often deals with the

use of different technological inventions like mobile phones, telephones, computer,
Internet, and other devices, as well as software and applications to locate, save,
send, and manipulate information. ICT has greatly contributed to how easy our lives
has been today. Our gadgets have become part of our necessity that we check on
them after we wake up. It made communication easier. We can use cellular phones
that are designed for communicating with other people even they are miles away
from us. It has also assisted us in our work since there are Internet-based jobs. It
has revolutionized our education and in the modernization of our economy.

WHAT’S NEW

ACTIVITY 1.1: Internet and Computer Readiness Test

Directions: Read and reflect each item carefully. State whether you agree or
disagree to each of the statements by drawing a happy face (☺) if you agree and a
sad face () if you disagree. There are no right or wrong answers for this activity.
Write your answers on your notebook.
SITUATIONS
1. I have reliable access to a computer, mobile phone, tablet, or any gadget that
can act as substitute to computers.
2. I have access to a high-speed internet connection with video streaming
capabilities.

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3. I have experience using email: I can create, send, forward, reply to, and save
email messages and attachments.
4. I have experience in word processing: I can create, edit, save, and navigate
documents using software program such as Microsoft Word or Pages for Mac.

5. I have experience in creating slide presentations: I can use programs such as

Microsoft PowerPoint or Keynote for Mac.
6. I know how to search the web using Internet browsers such as Firefox or
Google Chrome.
7. I have experience using online or mobile social media (ex. Facebook, Twitter)

8. I have experience viewing videos online (YouTube)

9. I have experience filling out forms and taking quizzes online.

10. I have experiences using cloud-based programs such as Google Drive or
Google Docs.
11. I have experience searching online for academic resources (ex. Google
Scholar)
12. I have experience with video conferencing (ex. Skype).

Did you agree to all or most of the questions? If so, then you must have
experienced using the different online platforms and sites!

WHAT IS IT

ICT in the Philippines

Philippines is dubbed as the “ICT Hub of Asia” because of huge growth of
ICT-related jobs, one of which is BPO, Business Process Outsourcing, or call
centers. In a data gathered by the Annual Survey of Philippines Business and
Industries in 2010, the ICT industry shares 19.3% of the total employment
population.
When the internet was fully commercialized in 1995, it has tremendously
impacted culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by
email, instant messaging, telephony (Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP), two-way
interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums,
blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. Internet is the global system of
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interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
communicate between networks and devices.
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is an information system on the Internet that allows
documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user
to search for information by moving from one document to another. It was invented
by Tim-Berners Lee. The World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's
Internet Explorer/Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome,
let users navigate from one web page to another via the hyperlinks embedded in the
documents. These documents may also contain any combination of computer data,
including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content that runs
while the user is interacting with the page. The Web has enabled individuals and
organizations to publish ideas and information to a potentially large audience online
at greatly reduced expense and time delay.
Types of Web Pages
• Web 1.0 or The Web. It is the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution. It
is a flat or stationary page since it cannot be manipulated by the user.
• Web 2.0 or The Social Web allows users to interact with the page, the user
may be able to comment or create a user account. Most website that we visit
today are Web 2.0.
• Web 3.0 or Semantic Web. The semantic web provides a framework that
allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content specifically
targeting the user. Search Engine will learn about you and your habits from
each search you perform and will gather details about you from your previous
activities like likes and social postings and present the answers as per your
preferences.

Below is a comparison of Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0:

https://lcy0210.wordpress.com/2019/01/11/web-3-0-to-5-0-is-coming-soon/
CRITERIA WEB 1.0 WEB 2.0 WEB 3.0
Communication Broadcast Interactive Engaged/ Invested
Information Static/ Read-only Dynamic Portable & Personal
Focus Organization Community Individual
Content Ownership Sharing Immersion
Interaction Web Forms Web Application Smart Applications

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Search Directories Tags/ Keywords Context/ Relevance
Metrics Page Views Cost per Click User Engagement
Advertising Banners Interactive Behavioral
Technologies HTML/ FTP Flash/ Java/ XML RDF/ RDFS/ OWL
Features of Web 2.0
FEATURES WEB 2.0
FOLKSONOMY allows users to collectively classify and find information using
freely chosen keywords (e.g. "tagging" by facebook). Tagging
uses the pound sign #, often referred to as hastag.
RICH USER dynamic content that is responsive to user input (e.g., a user
EXPERIENCE can "click" on an image to enlarge it or find out more
information)
USER the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put
PARTICIPATION content. Others are able to place a content on their own by
means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
LONG TAIL services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time
purchase. This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan
that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the
Internet, or a data plan that charges you for the amount of
bandwidth you used.
SOFTWARE AS users will subscribe to a software only when needed rather
A SERVICE than purchasing them.

WHAT IS IT
ACTIVITY 1.2: Where do I belong?
DIRECTIONS: Using the Internet, look for the webpages of the pages listed
below. Evaluate whether they are Web 1.0, Web 2.0, or Web 3.0. Write your
answers in your activity notebook.

1. Amazon.co.uk 6. Siri’s Apple Voice Recognition

2. 7.

3. 8. Encyclopedia Britannica

4. 9. Trio Healthcare Group

5. 10.

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Good job on answering your activity!
 WHAT’S NEW
LESSON 1.1: ONLINE PLATFORMS AND SITES
Because of the wide capacity of Web 2.0, it has helped in creating dynamic
online platform sites. Online platform is a specially developed platform using Internet
technology. Online platforms have revolutionized access to any information. Online
platforms currently include, but are not limited to:

Presentation or Visualization
Cloud Computing
File Management
Mapping
Social Media

Let us go through them one by one!

1. Presentation or Visualization Platform allows you to present and share

presentations, infographics and videos with other people. It is used to
communicate information clearly and efficiently.
2. Cloud Computing Platform is also called as “The cloud.” It is the practice of
using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet. Instead of using
your computer’s hard drive, you store and access your data and programs
over the Internet.
3. File Management Platform is used for the storing, naming, sorting, and
handling of computer files. Allows you to convert and manage files without
download in the software tool.
4. Mapping Platform is a transformation taking the points of one space into the
points of the same or another space. Uses GPS to detect location and used
for navigation.
5. Social Media Platform is a computer-mediated tools that allow large group of
people to create, share or exchange information, interest and the information
shared can be in the form of ideas, pictures, videos or anything that you want
to create and share to virtual communities. It can be in the following platforms:

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 Social Networks. These sites allow you to connect with other
people with the same interests or background.

Bookmarking Sites. These are sites that allow you to store and
manage links to various websites and resources.

Social News. These are sites that allow users to post their own
news items or links to other news sources.

Media Sharing. These are sites that allow you to upload and share
media content like images, music, and video. Media sharing sites
can be specific for video sharing, photo sharing, slide sharing,
social bookmarking, and gaming.

Microblogging. These are sites that focus on short updates from

the user. Those subscribed to the user will be able to receive these
updates. Posts are brief that range typically from 140 – 200
characters.

Blogs and Forums. These are websites that allow users to post
their content. Other users can comment on the said topic.

WHAT CAN I DO
ACTIVITY 1.3: Which Website Is It?

DIRECTIONS: Listed below are some of the platforms. Complete the table
below by providing name of website and a short description using the internet. Write
your answers on your notebook.

PLATFORMS NAMES OF WEBSITES DESCRIPTION

Presentation or
Visualization

Cloud Computing

File Management

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Mapping

Social Networks

Social News

Microblogging

Blogs and
Forums

ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.

1. What type of web provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to
deliver web content specifically targeting the user?
A. Web 1.0 B. Web 2.0 C. Web 3.0 D. Website

2. Which of the following is an example of sites under web 2.0?

A. Facebook B. YouTube C. Wikipedia D. All of the above

3. What type of web page is classified as flat or stationary?

A. Web 1.0 B. Internet C. Web 2.0 D. Web 3.0

4. Twitter statuses are only composed of a few characters. What type of social media
site does Twitter belong?
A. Micro blogging C. Social Networks
B. Media Sharing D. Bookmarking Sites
For #’s 5-6, use the choices inside the box.
A. If only the FIRST statement is TRUE. C. If BOTH statements are TRUE.
B. If only the SECOND statement is TRUE. D. If BOTH statements are FALSE.

5. Social networks are sites that allow you to connect with other people having the
same interests. It allows you to share your own news and other news from other
sources.

6. The Philippines is considered as the “ICT Hub in Asia.” The ICT Industry shares
19.3% of the total employment population in the Philippines coming from the
government agencies.

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7. Marisa wants to publish her collections of original poems online. Which online
platform must she do this?
A. Social News B. Bookmarking Site C. YouTube D. Blogs

8. Watson is creating a cover video of his favorite song. Which online platform must he
publish this?
A. Social News B. Bookmarking Site C. YouTube D. Blogs

9. Cathy has created a very good slideshow presentation on a certain topic, and she
wants to share it to other teachers around the world. Which online platform must
she publish this?
A. Presentation Platforms C. File Management Platforms
B. Cloud Computing Platforms D. Social Media Platforms

10. What is the name of the symbol that is used to classify and categorize information?
A. Hashtag B. Question Mark C. Asterisk D. At sign

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
L

LESSON 2: Online Safety, Security and Netiquette

The internet is the guiding technology of the Information Technology Age just
as the electrical engine was of the Industrial Age. In these times, more and more
people are already engaged in the use of technology. These people who are raised
in a digital, media-saturated world are called digital natives. No doubt, the Internet
has been very useful to us but with the rise of instant messaging, chat rooms, emails
and social networking sites, it can also bring trouble - from cyberbullying to more
serious Internet dangers, including exposure to sexual predators. Thus, internet
safety is always our primary concern.

What are my goals?

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Identify what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate online behavior.
2. Apply internet online safety, security ethics and etiquette standards and
practice in the use of ICTs.
3. Discern possible deceptive information and wrongly evaluated data.

WHAT I KNOW
I bet you are ready to know if you have practiced online safety, aren’t you? But
before that, take time to answer the pre-test to gauge how much you know about the
lesson.
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or on your notebook.
1. What is Netiquette?
A. The proper use of manners and etiquette on the Internet.
B. Using a net to catch fish.
C. Being mean to other people on Facebook.
D. Using proper manners at the dinner table.

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2. What is considered shouting over the Internet?
A. Screaming at your computer.
B. Writing in all CAPS.
C. Putting a lot of exclamation marks at the end of a sentence.
D. Not answering a friend request on Facebook.

3. It is OK to forward or post an email message that you received if __________

A. the message is typed in all capitals.
B. the author of the message has given you permission to forward or post it.
C. it does not contain any copyrighted material.
D. the author of the message hasn't marked it as confidential.

4. What is a flame in cyberspace?

A. A person who follows the rules of Netiquette.
B. An expert programmer.
C. An online chain letter.
D. A post or email message that expresses a strong opinion or criticism.

5. Knowledge and understanding of netiquette is useful because ___________

A. it will help you create a positive impression on those you meet in
cyberspace.
B. it explains some of the technical limitations of online communications.
C. it explains the conventions already being used by millions of cybernauts.
D. All of the above.

6. What type of online threat happens when an attacker uses electronic devices
to do unwanted surveillance against its victim?
A. Cyberbullying B. Phishing C. Spamming D.
Cyberstalking

7. What type of online threat happens when the attacker impersonates another
individual or organization to gather personal or business information?
A. Cyberstalking B. Spoofing C. Scamming D. Pharming

8. What type of information should you avoid giving when using the internet?
A. Phone number B. Profile Picture C. Shirt Size D. Religion

9. What is the golden rule of netiquette?

A. Remember the human. C. Use correct grammar.
B. Put a smiley in every message. D. Respect people’s time.

10. You get an email telling you that you won a hundred thousand without joining
in a competition. You should ____________.
A. Claim the prize. C. Return the email with response.
B. Ignore the email. D. Send rude message as revenge

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 WHAT’S IN

Read the headlines found below and try to reflect on the questions that follow.
ABS-CBN News Topic Page on Identity-theft. Retrieved from https://news.abs-cbn.com/list/tag/identity-theft.

Reflect on the following questions:

✓ What is common among the headlines above?
✓ Are your social media accounts secured enough that you may not
be a victim of these things?
✓ What type of information do you share in your social media
accounts?

There's almost no limit to what you can do online. The Internet makes it
possible to access information quickly, communicate around the world, and much
more. Unfortunately, the Internet is also home to certain risks, such as malware,
spam, and phishing. If you want to stay safe online, you'll need to understand these
risks and learn how to avoid them.

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 WHAT’S NEW
ACTIVITY 2.1: Shared or Not Shared? That is the Question
DIRECTIONS: Read and reflect each item carefully. Copy the table below on your
notebook and check the space whether you have shared or not shared these pieces
of information in all your social media accounts.

TYPE OF INFORMATION SHARED NOT SHARED

First Name

Middle Name

Last Name
Current and Previous
School/s
Your cellphone number
Complete name of mother
and father
Your parents’ cellphone
numbers
Name of Siblings

Your Address

Your Birthday

1. How many of these information have you SHARED?

______________________________________________________________

2. How many of these information have you NOT SHARED?

______________________________________________________________

3. Based from your answers above, do you think you are safe when using the
Internet? Why?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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 WHAT IS IT
Lesson 2.1: Online Safety, Security and Netiquette
Online safety refers to the practices and precautions that should be observed
when using the internet to ensure that the users as well as their computers and
personal information are safe from crimes associated with using the internet. Below
are personal information that must be kept confidential.

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 There are numerous delinquencies that can be committed on the internet
such as stalking, identity theft, privacy violations, and harassment.

To avoid these online crimes, follow the following online safety measures:

Never give any personal information out about yourself over the internet.

Do not give any banking or sensitive information unless you are sure that it is
a reputable business having a secure service. To make sure that you are in a
secured network, the website address should begin with “https://’ as
opposed to “http://”. Never access your accounts by following an email link,
instead type your URL by yourself.

Info source: https://www.wikihow.com/Find-if-a-Website-Is-Legitimate

Never open messages or attachments from someone you do not know.

Regularly review your privacy settings in your online accounts to make sure
you are not sharing important personal information.

When using a public computer terminal, be sure to delete your browsing data
before leaving.

Keep your software updated to avoid security holes.

Do not download or install software or anything on your computer or cell

phone that is unknown to you.

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 Netiquette is a combination of the words network and etiquette. It is a set of rules
for behaving properly online. Below are the 10 rules of netiquette:

Flame war is a series of flame posts or

messages in a thread that are considered
derogatory in nature or are completely off-topic.
Often these flames are posted for the sole
purpose of offending or upsetting other users. The
flame becomes a flame war when other users
respond to the thread with their own flame
message.

Image from: https://twitter.com/Parkster00/status/1246347088625045504

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 WHAT CAN I DO
ACTIVITY 2.2: Can You Keep It Private?
DIRECTIONS: Choose the most appropriate thing to do in the following situation.
Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.
1. Your family is going out on a vacation. What should you do?
A. Post pictures when you return home.
B. Post the dates you will be gone online.
C. Post updates of where you are currently checking in hotels or places.
D. Tell no one. Vacations are for getting away.
2. Do you have the same passwords for all your accounts?
A. Yes. That is how I remember all my passwords.
B. I have different passwords for all different accounts.
C. I keep it simple. I don’t have any passwords.
D. I have two similar passwords that I alternately use for all my accounts.
3. Choose which image below describes how you feel about sharing your
password with your boyfriend/ girlfriend?
Image source: https://www.nku.edu/~rkdrury/experiment/netiquette_quiz.htm.

A C

B D

4. Your parents bought you your first cellphone. How will you share your
cellphone number?
A. Do not share your cellphone number to anyone.
B. Post your cellphone number in your social media account.
C. Share your cellphone number only in person.
D. Post your cellphone number in your group chat.

5. Your social media friends list should only be composed of ______________.

A. Your favorite brands. C. Anyone who sends you a friend request
B. Family and friends D. Foreigners

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 WHAT IS IT
Lesson 2.2: Kinds of Online Threats

There is no doubt that you need to be vigilant online. As the World Wide Web
evolved over the years, many internet predators have been playing on vulnerabilities
to attack computers and retrieve sensitive data from individuals. Half the time, we
aren’t even aware it is happening until it is too late.
Online threat is deemed any malicious act that attempts to gain access to a
computer network without authorization or permission from the owners. These are
usually done by computer hackers who uses the World Wide Web to facilitate
cybercrime. Web threats use multiple types of malware and fraud, all of which utilize
HTTP or HTTPS protocols, but may also employ other protocols and components,
such as links in email or Instant Messaging apps, or any malware attachments on
servers that access the Web. They benefit cybercriminals by stealing information for
subsequent sale and help absorb infected PCs into botnets. Web threats pose a
broad range of risks, including financial damages, identity theft, loss of confidential
information/data, theft of network resources, damaged brand/personal reputation,
and erosion of consumer confidence in e-commerce and online banking.
The following are the top kinds of online threats that you should be aware of:

 Phishing happens when an email is sent from an internet criminal disguised

as an email from a legitimate, trustworthy source. The message is meant to
lure you into revealing sensitive or confidential information.

Image source: https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/phishing

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 Pharming happens when a hacker (or “pharmer”) directs an internet user to a
fake website instead of a legitimate one. These “spoofed” sites can capture a
victim’s confidential information, including usernames, passwords, and credit
card data, or install malware on their computer. Pharmers usually focus on
websites in the financial sector, including banks, online payment platforms, or
other e-commerce destinations.

Image source: https://ed451phishnpharm.weebly.com/how-to-spot-a-fake-website-pharming.html

 Internet Scam generally refers to someone using internet services or

software to defraud or take advantage of victims, typically for financial gain.
Cybercriminals may contact potential victims through personal or work email
accounts, social networking sites, dating apps, or other methods in attempts
to obtain financial or other valuable personal information. Online scams may
come in various forms such as lottery scam, charity fraud scams, job offer
scams, and online dating scams to name a few.

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 Internet robots are also known as spiders, crawlers, and web bots. It is a
software application that is programmed to do certain tasks. Bots are
automated, which means they run according to their instructions without a
human user. Some bots are useful, such as search engine bots that index
content for search or customer service bots that help users. Other bots are
"bad" and are programmed to break into user accounts, scan the web for
contact information for sending spam, or perform other malicious activities. If
it's connected to the Internet, a bot will have an associated IP address.

 Malware or malicious software, is any program or file that is harmful to a

computer user. Here are the most common offenders in the rogues’ gallery of
malware:
Adware (advertising supported software) is unwanted software
designed to throw advertisements up on your screen. Example, pop-up
ads and banner ads.
Spyware is malware that secretly observes the computer user’s
activities without permission and reports it to the software’s author.
Example is a keylogger.
Virus and Worms are malwares that attach to another program and,
when executed—unintentionally by the user—replicates itself by
modifying other computer programs and infecting them with its own bits
of code.
Trojan, or Trojan horse, is one of the most dangerous malware types.
It usually represents itself as something useful in order to trick you.
Once it’s on your system, the attackers behind the Trojan gain
unauthorized access to the affected computer. From there, Trojans can
be used to steal financial information or install threats like viruses and
ransomware.
Ransomware is a form of malware that locks you out of your device
and/or encrypts your files, then forces you to pay a ransom to get them
back.

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 Spams are unsolicited emails, instant messages coming from recipients that
are not granted verifiable permission for the message to be sent. Spam
messages can be damaging if you open or respond to it.
 Cyberstalking refers to the use of the internet or other electronic device to
harass or stalk individuals or organizations.

 Cyberbullying refers to the act of tormenting, harassing, or embarrassing

another person using the internet.

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  Spoofing happens when someone or something pretends to be something
else to gain our confidence, get access to our systems, steal data, steal
money, or spread malware.

WHAT CAN I DO
ACTIVITY 2.3: Show Me How You Hashtag
Direction: Look at the following images and create a hashtag based on the type of
online threat represented by each image. Write your answers in your activity
notebook.

Image source: https://www.avg.com/en/signal/what-is-spyware Image source: https://itigic.com/tag/adware/

1. #_______________________
2. # _____________________

Image source: https://dlpng.com/png/6702600 Image source:https://www.gtmaritime.com/free-phishing-

penetration-test/

3. # ________________________ 4. # _____________________

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Image source: http://www.upgrademag.com/web/2018/07/18/entry-of-3rd-

telco-player-to-benefit-consumers-says-globe-telecom/

5. # ___________________________

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.

1. What type of malicious program is designed to replicate itself and transfer from
one computer to another either through the internet or local networks or data
storage like flash drives and CDs?
A. Adware C. Worms and Virus
B. Spyware D. Ransomeware
2. What harmful online programs are designed to send you advertisements,
mostly pop-up ads?
A. Adware C. Worms and Virus
B. Spyware D. Ransomeware
3. What harmful online program is used to record keystrokes done by users to
steal passwords?
A. Adware C. Worms and Virus
B. Spyware D. Ransomeware

4. What is ransomware based on?

A. Fear of hackers C. Fear of spyware
B. Fear of the Internet D. Fear of losing important files

5. Which of the following is an example of a “phishing” attack?

A. Sending someone an email that contains a malicious link that is
disguised to look like an email from someone reliable.
B. Creating a fake website that looks nearly identical to a real website in
order to trick users into entering their login information.

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 C. Sending someone a text message looks like a notification that the
person has won a contest.
D. Sending someone an email that records their keystroke activities
while using their computers.

6. Which of the following must NOT be done if you received an embarrassing

picture from your friend?
A. Tell your parents or teachers
B. Send the picture on to other friends
C. Talk to your friend about its negative outcomes.
D. Discourage your friend from sending pictures like that.

7. What is a flame in cyberspace?

A. A person who follows the rules of Netiquette.
B. An expert programmer.
C. An online chain letter.
D. A post or email message that expresses a strong opinion or criticism.

8. What is considered shouting over the Internet?

A. Screaming at your computer.
B. Writing in all CAPS.
C. Putting a lot of exclamation marks at the end of a sentence.
D. Not answering a friend request on Facebook.

9. To avoid being cyber-bullied you should always...

A. Give out personal information to anyone who asks.
B. Strike first - post mean things about other people on your Wall on
Facebook.
C. Observe proper netiquette rules.
D. Ignore any requests from people to be your friend online.

10. How are you judged in cyberspace?

A. No one can see you, so no one can judge you.
B. You are judged by what you do on the Internet and how it looks - by
your spelling, grammar, and netiquette.
C. You are judged by your intent - if you didn't mean to hurt someone's
feelings, then it's okay.
D. You are judged by how you look - your profile picture is important.

You are finally done with Lesson 2!

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Lesson 3: Effective Internet Research

The Internet has made our lives easier especially in terms of doing research.
By browsing the internet, we can access limitless topics. Web-based catalogs are
available in many libraries to assist researchers in locating printed books, journals,
government documents and other materials. The biggest obstacle facing all
researchers on the internet is how to effectively and efficiently access the vast
amount of information available (The Internet: Research Tools, 2013).

What are my goals?

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Facilitate the practice in judging the credibility, value, and usefulness of
researched materials.
2. Use the Internet as a tool for credible research and information gathering to
best achieve specific objectives.

WHAT I KNOW
Before we take on another journey towards exploring the great capacity of the
internet into research, kindly take time to answer the following questions for your pre-
test.
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the Boolean logic technique used for?

A. Narrowing, broadening or eliminating a search term.
B. Using a robot to do instant research.
C. Searching several search engines at the same time.
D. Searching the infinite information from the internet.

2. http://www.avg.com/en/signal/what-is-spyware is an example of?

A. Access code B. Directory C. Server D. URL

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 3. Which of the following is a search engine?
A. Netscape C. Elsevier
B. Yahoo D. Macromedia Flash

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a domain?

A. .gov B. .com C. .npr D. .edu
5. What are the three Boolean logic search operators?
A. FROM, TO, WHOM C. AND, OR, BUT
B. AND, OR, NOT D. SEARCH, KEYWORD, TEXT

WHAT’S IN

Activity 3.1: What’s In My Name?

Direction: Write all your answers in your activity notebook.
1. Using the Internet, try to search for your complete name.
2. Write down how many sites have featured your personal name and what is
written about you.
3. Answer the following:

What other information are written about you?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Are the search results coming from reliable sources? Why?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Should these bits of information need to be posted or shown in public?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

29
 WHAT’S NEW

Lesson 3.1: Searching the Web

There are billions of information on the web and it is a challenge for us to truly find
which information is reliable and relevant. Here are some tips you may use to be
able to look for relevant and reliable sources:
Search Engines are websites used for retrieval of data, files, or documents
from data bases. Some search engines we use today are:

Anatomy of a URL
A URL is one type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). It is a generic
term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the
world wide web. Knowing the URL endings will give you clues to who is
sponsoring the website and help evaluate the sources.

https://www.searchenginejournal.com/alternative-searchengines/271409/#close

4 5
1 2 3 6 7

1. Protocol 4. Top-level Domain 7. Named anchor

2. Subdomain 5. Folders/ Paths
3. Domain 6. Page

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Popular Domains
Top- level Domains Country code top level domains
.edu – educational institution .ph – Philippines
.org – non-profit organization .eu – European Union
.gov – government site .uk – United Kingdom
.com – commercial site .au - Australia
.net - network

Search Skills and Tools

1. Boolean Logic – narrows, broadens, or eliminates search term.
a. Boolean “or” – this operator will find
pages that include either of the
search terms.
Ex. A or B

b. Boolean “and” – this operator will

retrieve only pages containing both
terms
Ex. A and B

A B

c. Boolean “not” – this operator will find

pages that do not include search term
immediately following it.
Ex. A not B

A B

2. Phase Searching – is used to search for famous quotes, proper names,

recommendations, etc. It encloses the phrase in quotation marks.
Ex. “Jane Doe” “To be or not to be”

31
3. Plus (+) – indicates that the word after the sign is a required word must be
found in search. Example: +fire

4. Minus (–) sign – indicates to exclude a word from your search that is not
required on the result. Example: Jaguar speed –car

5. Ampersand (@) is used to find social tags. Example: @SteveJobs

6. Hashtag (#) is used to find popular hashtags. Example: #LawOfClassroom

7. Finding Documents – using the filetype refines the search for documents
on the web.
o filetype:pdf
o filetype:doc
o filetype:xls
Ex. ICT in the Philippines pdf
8. Searching Site – the sites find webpage from a website.
Ex.: National Geographic information in Australia
Search: Australia site: NationalGeographic.com

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 WHAT IS IT

Activity 3.2: Can You Find Me?

Directions: Use the Internet to research on a news article on Information

Technology in the Philippines. This information must come from a government
site in PDF or Word document. Print the article and paste your work on a separate
sheet of paper. Do not forget to include the URL of the article you have taken the
information.

URL: _______________________________________________________
Title of Article: _______________________________________________

Paste printed article here.

33
 L
WHAT’S NEW
Lesson 3.3: Evaluating Sites

The web provides access to some excellent information and can also give
access to those that are irrelevant and outdated. Here is some checklist that you can
use to evaluate your website:
1. Authority. It reveals that the person, institution or agency responsible for a
site has the qualifications and knowledge to do so. Evaluating a web site for
authority:
✓ Authorship: It should be clear who developed the site.
✓ Contact information should be clearly provided: e-mail address, snail
mail address, phone number, and fax number.
✓ Credentials: the author should state qualifications, credentials, or
personal background that gives them authority to present information.
✓ Check to see if the site supported by an organization or a commercial
body

2. Purpose. The purpose of the information presented in the site should be

clear. Some sites are meant to inform, persuade, state an opinion, entertain,
or parody something or someone. Evaluating a web site for purpose:
✓ Does the content support the purpose of the site?
✓ Is the information geared to a specific audience (students, scholars,
general reader)?
✓ Is the site organized and focused?
✓ Are the outside links appropriate for the site?
✓ Does the site evaluate the links?

3. Coverage. This refers to how comprehensive the website is in their

discussion of certain topics. Evaluating a web site for coverage:
✓ Does the site claim to be selective or comprehensive?
✓ Are the topics explored in depth?
✓ Compare the value of the site’s information compared to other similar
sites.

34
 ✓ Do the links go to outside sites rather than its own?
✓ Does the site provide information with no relevant outside links?

4. Currency. It refers to: (1) how current the information presented is, and (2)
how often the site is updated or maintained. It is important to know when a
site was created, when it was last updated, and if all of the links are current.
Evaluating a web site for currency involves finding the date information was:
✓ first written
✓ placed on the web
✓ last revised

5. Objectivity. Objective sites present information with a minimum of bias.

Evaluating a web site for objectivity:
✓ Is the information presented with a particular bias?
✓ Does the information try to sway the audience?
✓ Does site advertising conflict with the content?
✓ Is the site trying to explain, inform, persuade, or sell something?

6. Accuracy. It refers to the credibility of the website. Evaluating a web site for
accuracy:
✓ Reliability: Is the author affiliated with a known, respectable institution?
✓ References: do statistics and other factual information receive proper
references as to their origin?
✓ Is the information comparable to other sites on the same topic?
✓ Does the text follow basic rules of grammar, spelling and composition?
✓ Is a bibliography or reference list included?

35
 WHAT CAN I DO
Activity 3.3: Evaluating Websites: Checklist
This activity is adapted from the University of Maryland: Evaluating Web Sites: A Checklist
www.lib.umd.edu/tl/guides/evaluating-checklist

Directions:
1. Using the Internet, research on topics under CoVid-19 in the Philippines.
2. Read through the checklist and answer each question in your notebook.
3. Attach a printout of the web site you are evaluating and paste in your
notebook:

Print out of the website

36
1. What is the URL or web address of the web site you are evaluating?

http://_____________________________________________________

2. What is the title of the web site? ____________________________________

AUTHORITY AND ACCURACY

Who is the author of the web site?

I couldn’t tell
The author is: _______________________________________

What authorship clues did the URL (web address) provide? Check all that
apply:

company (.com) country-specific site (e.g., .uk)

non-profit organization (.org) military site (.mil)

academic institution (.edu) network of computer (.net)

government agency (.gov) other? Please describe:

personal web page (e.g., www.jamieoliver.com)

PURPOSE AND CONTENT

What is the purpose of the web page or site? Check all that apply:

A personal web page

A company or organization web site
A forum for educational/public service information
A forum for scholarly/research information
For entertainment
An advertisement or electronic commerce
A forum for ideas, opinions, or points of view
Other – please explain:

37
 In your own words, briefly describe the purpose of the web site:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

What does the web site provide? Check one:

Balanced, objective or factual information

Biased, subjective or opinionated statements
Are the arguments well supported? ____ Yes ____ No
Both objective and subjective information
I couldn’t tell
Other – please explain:

Does the web site provide any contact information or means of

communicating with the author or webmaster? ____ Yes _____ No

CURRENCY

When was the web site last revised, modified, or updated?

I couldn’t tell
It was updated on:___________________________________

Is the site well maintained?

I couldn’t tell
Yes
No

File: Evaluating Websites: A Checklist University of Maryland Libraries * T&L * 2/2014

38
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Website evaluation is an important skill that everyone should practice and

master through time. It is always important to learn which information are relevant
and reliable to be able to avoid misinformation and be a victim of fake news.

ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.

1. What happens when a phrase or sentence is placed inside quotation marks

when doing research?
A. Will only return items that have both terms.
B. Will search for words that are together and in order
C. Will return items that exclude a term
D. Will return items that have either of the terms

2. What is a URL?
A. A computer software program
B. An acronym for Unlimited Resources for Learning
C. The address of a document or "page" on the World Wide Web
D. A search engine

3. What are the three main search expressions, or operators, recognized by

Boolean logic?
A. and, or, not C. and, or, but
B. from, to, whom D. search, keyword, text

4. How do you evaluate a web page?

A. You confirm that the author or site an authority on the subject.
B. You check to see if the author has been objective.
C. You check to see if the information is current.
D. You do as many of the above as possible.

5. An article that only presents one point of view or omits facts is biased.
A. True B. False

You are finally done with Lesson 3!

39