Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

Course Overview

Course Number
Course Code Maj-HE 310
Description Title Craft design (Handicraft)
Credit Units 5
School Year/Term AY 2021-2022/2nd Semester
Mode of Delivery Online/ offline Learning
Name of Instructor Jea P. Gula

Course Description This course is the covers materials, techniques and

techniques and design in handicraft production.

At the end of the Module, you must have:

 Identify the different industrial raw materials
common in the localities.
 Observe the correct cautions as safe practices
and usage of hand tools.
 Create/Construct manual products made to
Course Outcomes industrial raw materials.
 Show the importance of handicraft for the
development of home industries.
SLSU Vision A high quality corporate University of Science,
Technology and Innovation.
SLSU Mission SLSU will develop science, technology and innovation
leaders and professionals; produce high-impact
technologies from research and innovations;
contribute to sustainable development through
responsive community engagement programs; and
generate revenues to be self-sufficient and financially
viable.

What Is This Module About?

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 Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

Welcome to the world of Craft design (Handicraft)!

The Module are designed in order to address the flexible learning modalities in higher
education as instructed by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). The course module on
Craft design (Handicraft) consist of four modules with module 1 has three topics, module 2
has three topics, module 3 has three topics, and module 4 has three topic. The presentation of
information was carefully planned so that optimum learning shall take place given the
modalities we have today.
To start the course module, you need to complete the pre-test structured by the author
of this module. The pre-test covered all topics of the course. You don’t need to worry because
pre-test will not be graded, just answer the test in order to determine the level of understanding
or prior knowledge to the subject.
Course module is divided into two terms, two modules for midterm and another two for
the final term. A separate examination shall be given to you to assess the knowledge gained
from the modules. Dates on the examination will be announced accordingly.
Every topic contains learning outcomes that you must accomplished one in a while. The
presentation of topics used 4As Model to ensure a learner centered approach. You must
complete every activity provided to help yourself understand the topic easily.
Once done with the course module, a separate parallel post-test will be accomplished by
you to further evaluate the learning and the module itself. References are provided for further
research on your end.

What Do You Already Know?

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Let us determine how much you already know about this subject. Take this
PRE-TEST.

Direction: Read and understand the questions below. Select and underline the letter of the best
answer for each item.

1. Some origami models are made up of many pieces folded and then joined together. What is
this style of origami called?
a. constructed origami c. modular origami
b. set origami d. puzzle origami
2. Perhaps the most famous origami model is a depiction of what animal?
a. cat c. dog
b. crane d. panda
3. Marian is weaving hats, she dye some of the splints of bamboo to make it more attractive.
Which of the following should not be done when dyeing splints of bamboo?
a. Leaves should be submerged during the process of dyeing
b. Do not compress the leaves tightly
c. Put the materials under the sun when drying
d. Hang the materials in shaded area
4. What is the fold where you fold the paper towards you?
a. valley fold c. crease fold
b. mountain fold d. away fold
5. Which of the following is NOT usually considered to be a rule of traditional origami?
a. use only on square per model c. no colored paper allowed
b. never cut the paper with scissors d. use only squares of paper
6. In what country was origami developed into fine arts?
a. China c. Russia
b. Japan d. India
7. It is known as the space between bamboos.
a. node c. culm
b. internode d. roots
8. The following are specific uses of bamboo EXCEPT:
a. for building roads c. for medicinal purposes
b. for house constructions d. for making clay
9. Bamboo includes in some of the fastest growing plant in the world, ________ bamboo are the
largest member of the family.
a. Dwarfed c. Giant
b. Spiny d. Kawayan kiling
10. Brenda is constructing her project in bamboo craft, but in order to make the project she
needs to she needs to cut and slice the bamboo. What appropriate tool Brenda should use?
a. saw c. wood block
b. drill bit d. knives
11. It is known as traditional paper art form originating from korea.
a. Origami c. Hanji
b. Potpourri d. Puppetry
12. Smallest origami crane in the world was made by?
a. Arika Yoshinaba c. Akira Yoshizawa
b. Naito Akira d. Anito Akira
13. The term used for a mixture of dried petals, wood shaving soup, kernels, dried petals,
wrapped in a piece of then sprayed with essence to serve as room freshener.
a. Origami c. Air freshener
b. Potpourri d. Pulp

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14. He considered as the grandmaster in the art of paper folding?

a. Arika Yoshinaba c. Akira Yoshizawa
b. Naito Akira d. Anito Akira
15. An aspect that is important in producing a product which has a distinct attributes is________?
a. color c. design
b. workmanship d. materials
16. A requirement in any production process which looks after the work or skill of the crafter
and his finish product is called_____?
a. calculation c. packaging
b. evaluation d. pricing
17. Referred to as paper used in origami?
a. Kami c. Ukiyue
b. Noshi d. Nolashi
18. It is a skilled work, wherein there is an application of technique that people learn through
much practice.
a. Arts c. Crafts
b. Operating d. Designing
19. The most common paper craft method were strips of papers is soaked in glue and added to a
mold layer by layer.
a. cutting c. pulp
b. layering d. none of the above
20. The origin of origami in Japan comes from the country of __________?
a. Germany c. China
b. Japan d. Korea
21. A person known for their skills and craftsmanship?
a. Craftsmans c. Artisan
b. Jeweller d. Maker
22. Handicraft is known worldwide. The major producer and supplier of handicraft products in
the world is________?
a. Philippines c. India
b. Austrilia d. China
23. This plant climbs and has and has a single stem without branches and especially in the forest
and deep shady places.
a. bamboo c. rattan
b. splints d. trees
24. The following are known as a bleaching agent in treating rattan EXCEPT:
a. Pandakaki c. Vinegar
b. Zonrox d. Tamarind
25. A famous metal product in Batangas known also as local knife.
a. Peeling knife c. Balisong
b. Cutting knife d. Bolo
26. It is a province famous for their metal craft?
a. Maranaos c. T’boli
b. Ifugao d. Tausug
27. Jose is a great sculpture, he is very good at putting design on pieces of wood. What art is he
good at?
a. weaving c. wood carving
b. wood texturing d. wood designing
28. It is a piece of cloth that is tied at the waist and looks like skirt. Maguindanao is famous for
their male underpants called_____________?
a. T’nalak c. Bilao
b. Kandit d. Malong
29. Ilocos famous Jars is called_________?
a. Burnay Jars c. Canning Jars

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b. Manunggul Jars d. Tapayan Jars

30. Daniel bent rattan stem through heating. Which of the following procedure not part of this
method?
a. Heating the part to be bend with the flame torch
b. Heating with a piece of metal using soldering
c. Direct heating with fire
d. Retting method
31. A tribal communities in the Philippines known for their “binulan and wanno”, which are
used as shawls to keep their body warm.
a. Maranaos c. T’boli
b. Ifugao d. Tausug
32. In weaving a fabric is made by interlacing the thread through warp and weft threads. Warp
threads are stretched on a frame, and an instrument called__________carries weft threads under
and over the warp.
a. Loom c. Kiln
b. Potters wheel d. Shuttle
33. A machine used in weaving is called_________?
a. Loom c. Kiln
b. Potters wheel d. Shuffle
34. It is the making of fabric by interlacing threads.
a. Pottery c. Potpourri
b. Claying d. Weaving
35. It is an art of objects from hard clay by exposing them to heat of fire.
a. Pottery c. Potpourri
b. Claying d. Weaving
36. Ivana is painting a portrait of herself with much feelings. What form of works did Ivana
expressed?
a. Arts c. Crafts
b. Operating d. Designing
37. Which type of bamboo grows the fastest?
a. Giant Bamboo c. Clumping Bamboo
b. Black Bamboo d. Kawayan Kiling
38. Rattan splints are used for making this materials EXCEPT?
a. Basket c. Picture frame
b. Hats d. Rim of basket
39. The following are ways of bending rattan stems, which is NOT?
a. Direct heating c. Sun drying
b. Steaming d. soaking into fresh water
40. What do you call the process of coloring splints, strips, and other materials to be more
attractive?
a. Embossing c. Painting
b. Dyeing d. Tanning
41. What is the fold where you fold the paper away from you?
a. valley fold c. crease fold
b. mountain fold d. away fold
42. This is the process of weaving twigs, grasses, roots, and other pliable materials into
containers?
a. Bamboo craft c. Basketry
b. Leather craft d. Tapestry
43. It is the official costume of Tausug tribe.
a. T’nalak c. Bilao
b. Kandit d. Malong
44. Most reliable and cheaper way of treating rattan.
a. Exposing to sunlight c. Smocking

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b. Dressing d. Tanning
45. The mature age of most species of bamboo is considered to be_________?
a. 20 years c. 40 years
b. 30 years d. 2 years
46. The following are hand tools in making rattan project EXCEPT?
a. Bolo c. Plane
b. Hammer d. Saw
47. The following are sources of splints, stalks, and roots. Which of the following splints are
from stalks?
a. Bamboo c. Coconut palm
b. Nipa d. Nito
48. Which of the following materials used for house construction?
a. Rattan c. Leather
b. Bamboo d. Shell
49. I like to make a basket! I purchase materials, follow directions, and have made many useful,
decorative containers. Based on what you know about my hobby, what would you call me?
a. Basket Designer c. Basket Weaver
b. Basket Maker d. Basket Case
50. It is the hard partition of the bamboo.
a. stem c. internode
b. node d. culm
51. A type of plant NOT included in the palm family?
a. Sugarcane c. Coconut
b. Bamboo d. Buri
52. Technically, bamboo is classified as what type of plant?
a. A Fungus c. A Hardwood
b. A Softwood d. A Grass
53. There are more benefits of arts and crafts than just employment. Which of following is NOT
a health and mental benefits of crafting?
a. Improves your mood c. Can help fight aging
b. Boost your brain power d. Increases distraction
54. United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization/ Information Technology
Community defined handicraft as “Products which are produced either completely by hand or
with the help of tools. _____________maybe used as long as the direct manual contribution of the
artisan remains the most substantial component of the finish product”.
a. hand tools c. skilled worker
b. mechanical tools d. application of technique
55. This is the term for an ancient art form used to make storage containers.
a. Pottery c. Claying
b. Ceramics d. Fine crafts
56. Another term for the process of making pieces with clay is called?
a. Firing c. Claying
b. Potting d. Ceramics
57. Which continent is home to the most of the world’s bamboo?
a. North America c. Asia
b. Australia d. Africa
58. What name is given to the main stalk of a bamboo plant?
a. Culm c. Internodes
b. Nodes d. Rhizome
59. Which of these statements in NOT true about bamboo?
a. Filipino warriors used the boiled rootstock in poison darts
b. Bamboo is used in building construction in place of steel
c. Bamboo is used for medicinal purposes
d. Bamboo was the first plant to grow at the site of the Hiroshima bomb

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60. Because it is light, durable and relatively flexible, rattan is used for a range of purposes.
Which of the following does NOT belong to the range of purposes of rattan?
a. As Food c. As Handicraft
b. As Handicraft d. As Cosmetics
61. Rattan is naturally renewable palm that grows in the tropical region. What country is the
biggest rattan manufacturer?
a. Philippines c. Antarctica
b. Indonesia d. Europe
62. Rattan are old world climbing palms belonging to subfamily of _______________.
a. Arecales c. Calamoideae
b. Palmea d. Salacca
63. Another method of bending rattan stem which has been found more effective easy and
satisfactory is by ____________?
a. heating with fire c. steaming
b. soaking into fresh water d. retting method
64. What is the bamboo used for in construction?
a. Scaffolding c. Designing
b. Finishing d. Decking
65. Bamboo also known as a highly sustainable materials. Which of the following is NOT a uses
of bamboo?
a. chopsticks c. medicine
b. diaper d. food
66. Why rattan crafts and handicraft important for the economic environmental benefits?
a. because, it makes life easier when we engage in this form of works
b. because, it connects you with your roots
c. because, it utilizes the availability of materials
d. because, it’s handmade, so gives personal touch
67. Jona wants to make a basket. She have read the directions and assembled all the materials
she need, and now she just need to begin. What is the next crucial step in making a basket that
she must complete before she can weave?
a. Cutting the materials c. Dyeing the materials
b. Soaking the materials d. All of the above are part of the next step
68. What basketry term would be used to describe the weaving on a basket that involves
plaiting or interweaving flat materials?
a. Coiling c. Wicker working
b. Randing d. Twill
69. Why do we need to NOT compress the leaves tightly in weaving?
a. In order to reduce tension
b. In order to have a distribution of colors
c. In order to avoid damage
d. In order to have an easy job in weaving
70. What name is given to bamboo in Hawaii?
a. ‘Ohe c. Paia
b. Chi d. Tiki

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Module 1:

Bachelor of Science in Technology Livelihood Education (BTLED)-Faculty

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Southern Leyte State University – San Juan Campus

Topic 1:

NATURE AND MEANING OF HANDICRAFT AND IMPORTANCE OF

HANDICRAFT TO FILIPINO CULTURE AND TRADITION

This module is intended to help students plan projects in an orderly manner, expanded
their creative abilities through various designs, implement ways that will maximize the use of
resources, and employ the best strategies that can be adapted to the needs of the locality. In
order to understand the meaning of handicraft, please read the learning outcomes.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Explain the nature, meaning, importance and health benefits of handicraft.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

To start, have a good warm up before exploring more about this topic. Say something
about the word “handicraft.

HANDICRAFT

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS

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Let me ask you some question from the previous activity that you have.

1. Why is crafting essential to Filipino heritage and culture?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Do you think handcrafted products are still in demand? Why or why not?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on, what is handicraft?

WHAT IS HANDICRAFT?

Handicraft deal with the study and use of different native materials available in every
region. It is one of the courses in industrial arts which teaches students to work efficiently and
safely with the use of available hand tools and some power tools.
UNESCO/ITC
- United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization Information
Technology Community

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- “Products which are produced either completed by hand or with the help of tools.
Mechanical tools may be used as long as direct manual contribution of the artisan
remains the most substantial component of the finished product. Handicraft are made
from raw materials and can be produced in unlimited numbers. Such product can be
utilitarian, aesthetic, artistic, creative, culturally attached, decorative, functional,
traditional, religiously and socially symbolic and significant”
Govt. of India
- “Products which is made by hand should have some artistic value, they may or may not
have functional utility”.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- “Is an activity that involves making something in a skillful way by using your hands”
Handicraft, more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft, sometimes also
called artisanry , is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made
completely by hand or by using only simple tools. I is a traditional main sector of craft.

Importance of handicraft to Filipino culture and tradition

1. It is very important because it represents once culture and tradition.

2. It promotes the heritage of a country through the use of indigenous materials.
3. It preserves traditional knowledge and talents and;
4. The expression of our history.

ROLE OF HANDICRAFT IN THE ECONOMIC

GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY

Our country today is faced with varied serious problems: poverty, unemployment, high
rate of criminality, drug abuse, and many more. These problems have adversely affected our
economy. As a good citizen, you are duty-bound to do your share in addressing these problems.
Handicrafts or cottage industries are considered among the top dollar earners of the
country. Cottage industries have been considered a pivotal link to the current thrust foe
countryside development because of its high labor demand, low investment requirements, and
adoptability to Philippine conditions.
The legislative branch of our government has changed the name “pork barrel” into
Countryside Development Fund (CDF) with the purpose of providing funds to help those who
are interested in starting a small industry in their respective districts. Aware of the need of our
country foe skilled and semi-skilled craftsmen, government and non-government organizations
work together to establish training centers throughout the country to turn non-productive
individuals into productive citizens. Establishing a corps of craft workers helps lessen the
number of unemployed and the underemployed. Local Government Units have also created
their own social service development departments to plan short-term livelihood training
programs on the barangay level.

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FINANCIAL VALUE OF LEARNING HANDICRAFTS

The government closely coordinates with private and government owned banks and
other financial institutions to provide financial assistance to those who would like to venture
into the handicrafts and cottage industry business through short term loans. It is hoped that the
money and effort invested in these training centers will bring in national socioeconomic
benefits to our country and to the people.
With the help and development of new technology and the creativity of our craftsmen,
we will reap the financial value of the skills we were trained for. In manpower development, any
investment will contribute directly to our economic development. Learning the difficult skills in
handicrafts will enable our country to utilize our abundant raw materials in the manufacture of
craft articles, which could be consumed locally, as well as meet the demands of foreign markets.
These home industries are found all over the country, utilizing materials found in the
different localities.

HOME-BASED INDUSTRIES IN DIFFERENT PROVINCES

PROVINCE INDUSTRY
Ilocos Norte And Sur Basket Industry
Sulu Basing Industry
Batangas And Bulacan Embroidery Industry
Mount Province Handloom Weaving Industry
Bulacan Jewelry Industry
Tanning Industry
Laguna Woodcarving Industry
Bicol Region Abaca Crafts Industry

A hobby, more often than not, is the start of something big. You indulge in a particular
craft or skill, excel in it and before you realize it, other people are requesting your products. As
you gain further skills in the management of this small-scale home industry, you may expand it
to involve your friends, relatives, and neighbors.
As a family enterprise, this can be a source of added income. In addition, this can bring family
members closer as they create things together and face problems as one. Younger members of
the family will be kept busy with work, away from drugs and other unwholesome forms of
recreation. Another important effect is the development of patience, tolerance, industry,
economy, and creativity among members of the family.

Health and Mental Benefits of Crafting

There are a lot of research involved in arts and crafts that is good for your mental and physical
health.
“American Journal of public Health” titled “ The Connection Between art, Healing and
Public Health” found that those who engaged in arts, experienced (“reduction of stress and
anxiety” and “increases in positive emotions”).
Not only crafting help lower your stress and get your mind of things, but there are also
other health benefits attributed to crafting;

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1. Improve your mood

2. Boost your brainpower
3. Increase social activity
4. Boost your confidence
5. Helps with hand-eye coordination and helps fight aging
6.
1. Improve your mood

- 2018’s Great British Creativity Test, examined how creative activities can help us
manage our mood and make us feel happier.
- Led by Dr. Daisy Fancourt from University London
1. Distraction
2. Contemplation
3. Self-development

2. Boost your brainpower

- By keeping your brain active and healthy.

- (WHO), there are around 50 million people worldwide with dementia.
- The general consensus among these experts is that doing something intellectual such as
craft activity or learning new skill to keep your brain active.
-
3. Increase social activity
-
- Crafting provides a unique social atmosphere where not only you are focusing on your
craft, but you are connecting with the people you are crafting with.
- It promotes natural conversation.
- A unique date idea as well as great activity.

4. Boost your confidence

- Provides a burst of self-esteem that brightens the mood by increasing the

neurotransmitter dopamine/ feel-good molecule.
- Dopamine reduces feelings of depression and generate confidence.

5. Helps with hand-eye coordination and helps fight aging

- Helps our vision system to coordinate the information received through the eyes to
control, guide and direct the hands.

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- Helps fight aging because doing craftwork will lead you to happiness and happiness
itself may also lead to a better health.

Now, we already have explored the first topic of the Module on the nature and meaning of
handicraft and importance of handicraft to Filipino culture and tradition.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)
Direction: Answer the question below:
1. In your own understanding, explain how handicraft industry generates employment.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you agree that the government should support handicrafts? Why or why not?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. In the modern world we have computers replacing humans in a variety of tasks, will it
affect our younger generation’s creativity? Why or why not?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

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Topic 2: Types of Philippine Handicrafts

and Project Planning

Filipinos are known throughout the world to be creative and resourceful. Their skills
and talents are world class. They can produce interesting items out of ordinary materials
around them. From the coconut tree, which is known as the most useful tree, Filipinos are able
to extract materials for fashioning in fancy pieces of jewelry, bags, shoes and decorative items
for the house. In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Described the different types of handicrafts.

Let’s
Let’s Begin!
Start Off (Activity)
A. MATCHING TYPE

Directions: Match the pictures in Column A with the terms in Column B. Write only the letter of
your answer.

Column A Column B

1. a. Pottery
b. Weaving
c. Metal craft
d. Jewelry

2.

3.

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4.

5.

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some question from the previous activity that you have.

1. List all types of handicrafts you know.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION
To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the types of Handicraft.

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Types of Philippine handicrafts

POTTERY

 Pottery is the art of making objects from

hard clay by exposing them to the heat or
fire.
 Pots, statues, cups, urns, vases, jars, flat
plates.
 This art has been used for over 9000 years
usually consists of archeological artifacts
that define an era or time in history.
 The basic tool in pottery is the potter’s
wheel. It is a simple turntable on which wet,
fresh clay revolves while a potter shapes it with his or her hands. The wheel allows the
potter to shape the object uniformity.
 After the objects are shaped, the soft clay is baked in a kiln.
 In the Philippines, pottery is sometimes useful in making big jars or banga for relatives
who have passed away.
 Ilocos- burnay jars

WEAVING

 Weaving is the making of fabric by interlacing threads.

 The machine used for weaving is called a loom.
 Warp threads are stretched on a frame, and an instrument called a shuffle carries weft
threads under and over the warp.
 Tribal communities in the Philippines known for their woven textiles.

 Ifugao- known for their binulan and wanno

which are used as shawls to keep their body
warm.

 T’boli- they used bids, frogs and man as their

design for their woven cloths.

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 Maguindanao- the malong is a famous male

underpants. It is a piece of cloth that tied at
the waist and looks like a skirt.

 Tausug- the kandit is the official costume of the Tausug Tribe.

Woven products
 Aside from cloth, there are other objects that are woven in the Philippines, such as
Baskets, fans, mats, bilao, fisherman’s net, furnitures and the farmer’s hat or salakot.

The art of putting design on pieces of wood.

WOOD CARVING

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 In the North, Cordillera carves the bulol, a pagan statue of their Gods or Anitos.
 They also carve bowls and utensils.
 Figures of man and animals are also carved.
JEWELRY

 Favorite accessory of ancient people.

 It consists usually of amulets that are used to keep
evil spirits away.
 T’bolis- use brass for chains and bells. They also use
beads and strings to make necklaces etc.
 Tattoos are also used to decorate one’s body. They
also show one’s place in society.

METALCRAFT

 Brass, bronze, gold, and silver are heated and poured

into molds to make objects from jewelry to other
decorative objects.
 Maranaos are famous for their metal crafts.
 In Batangas, a famous metal product is the Balisong, a
local knife.

Project Planning
The first major step in making a project is planning. This enables you to organize your
ideas. Your ideas are translated into words, which are then written for your use as guide in
working.
Project plan is the written guide on how you are going to start and end the production of an
article. The following are the importance of project plan:
1. It will help you economize on time, money, and effort in making the project.
2. It will help you standardize the product thereby enhancing effective production.
3. It will serve as guide in your future improvements on your project.
4. It serves as an effective instructional aid before and during project making

PARTS OF A PROJECT PLAN

1. Name of the Project. The exact name of the project you intend to make is to be written
down. If you are not sure about the name of your project, consult your teacher.
2. Purpose of the Project. Every project has its own purpose. State briefly the reasons
why you will make the project.
3. Sketch or Working Drawing. The sketch or working drawing is either a mere sketch
(freehand) or mechanical with exact dimensions. This serves as your guide in making
the project and will save you time, material, and effort. The teacher must be informed if
there is any change on it.

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4. Bill of Materials. This is done only after the working drawing has been made to
determine the materials, such as hardware, abrasives, adhesives, and finishing that you
may use in the project. You will also indicate the number of pieces, description, unit, and
total cost.
5. Tools Needed. The tools that you will need for your project should be prepared in
advance so that they are within reach when o need them.
6. Procedure. List down the step-by-step procedure. This will guide you in doing your
project.
7. Evaluation. Your teacher will evaluate your project. You should however, also evaluate
your own finished project for Workmanship. Note deficiencies for further improvement.
8. Table for Number of Hours Spent. This is also important in order to know how long it
took you to finish the project, Write the date when you started and when you finished,
and compute the time spent. Compare the result with the estimated period.

PROJECT PLAN FORMAT

Here is the format of a project plan to which you can refer for the project you will be
making.

Name of Student: Date:

A. Name of Project:
B. Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
C. Sketch of the project (with materials, colors, and measurements indicated)
D. Materials to be used

Quantity Items Description Cost

E. Tools to be used
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F. Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
G. Criteria for evaluating projects

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General appearance 60%

Workmanship 40%

Now, you already have explored the second topic of the Module on types of handicrafts and
project planning.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: Answer the question below:

1. Describe the different types of handicrafts, and give at least 3 examples of each.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Write one of the famous handcrafted products in our country that attracts tourist.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

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Topic 3:
HANDICRAFT TOOLS AND THEIR USES
In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Make a research on other tools useful in school shops. List their use and proper
maintenance.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

I. Direction: Identify the following sentences and write the correct answer that will make the
sentences complete by selecting the right word given in the box.

1. Use to cut coconut shells into circular or irregular shapes.

2. A long, single-edged knife used to cut wood and similar materials.
3. A device made of steel with a jaw and a thumb screw used to press pieces of coconut
shells together.

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4. A portable drill with a plate pressed to the breast when forcing the drill against the
material.
5. It has a ribbon-shaped saw blade in a U-shaped frame, used to cut exterior curves of
bamboo strips.

Coping Saw Clamp Brace Drill Bolo Keyhole Saw

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some question from the previous activity that you have.

1. Can you still remember the projects you did when you were in grade school? Which one
did you enjoy doing and why? What aided you in finishing your work?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.
ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the handicraft tools and their uses.

HANDICRAFT TOOLS AND THEIR USES

The different materials made into handicraft are better processed with the use of
specialized tools. Hand tools are used for processing materials with the use of hands. The use of
these is a common practice among Filipino craftsmen. The bolo and knife are the main tools
used by many handicrafts workers. While some tools are commonly used for different kinds of
materials, there are tools that have specialized functions that are unique to the processing of
specific material.

Tools-is any instrument held by hand used to achieve a particulae task

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Equipment- are usually furnishings or outfits that enable a person to do a task better

The following are some basic handicraft hand tools and their uses.
A. EDGE-CUTTING TOOLS
1. GOUGE- a chisel with a concave-convex section, used to cut curves and other
complex shapes.
2. SPOKESHEVE- A small transvers plane with end-handles, used to clean curved
edges of bamboo and coconut shells.
3. POCKETKNIFE- a knife with a blade folding into the handle so it can fit in the
pocket, used to cut and clean bamboo materials. It is also used for scraping
encrusted materials and dried glue from shells.
4. BOLO-a long, singe-edged knife used to cut and clean wood and similar materials.
This is an important tool for bamboo craft.
5. BLOCK PLANE- a small plane usually with an adjustable blade, which comes in
varying sizes, used to plane end, grain coconut shells, and small pieces of materials.
6. JACKPLANE- a general-purpose bench plane used to smoothen the surfaces of
bamboo and sticks.
7. SCISSORS- used for cutting fabrics and threads
8. TIN SNIPS (TIN SHEARS) -used to cut tin and other soft sheet metals
9. RASP FILE used cut away or smoothen irregularities designs or in sharp edges

B. BORING TOOLS
1. HAND DRILL- a small portable drilling machine designed to be held and
operated by hand, and used to bore holes through materials and to prevent
cracking when a screw, nail, or dowel is driven through the holes.
2. BRACE DRILL- a portable drill with a plate pressed to the breast when forcing
the drill against the material.
3. MANUAL AUGER BIT-a spiral bit with a long shank mounted on a brace, used
for boring holes in coconut shells and wood.
4. AUGER BIT IN A RACHET BRACE- used for boring holes in bamboo and coconut
shell
5. EXPANSIVE BIT- used to bore holes that are 1-2 inches
6. SCRATCH AWL- used for drawing lines, marking off points in measuring and for
boring small holes

C. TOOTHED CUTTING TOOLS

1. DOVETAIL SAW- a small backsaw with a thin blade, fine teeth, and a straight
handle, use to cut thin strips of bamboo and make small wood joints.
2. KEYHOLE SAW- a saw with a number of blades of different sizes. It is used to cut
coconut shells into circular or irregular shapes.
3. COMPASS SAW- a hand saw that has a blade wider at the handle and narrow at
the end, use to cut coconut shells into circular and irregular shapes.
4. COPING SAW- a ribbon-shaped saw blade in a U-shaped frame, used to cut
exterior curves of bamboo strips.
5. CROSS-CUT SAW- a saw used to cut bamboo across the grain. It is also used to
cut perpendicular to the grain.
6. RECTANGULAR FILE- a hardened steel tool in the form of a bar used to
smoothen the rough edges of bamboo shells and coconut shells.

D. HOLDING TOOLS
1. VISE- a heavy-duty clamp used to hold piece of material securely in place, also
used to absorb severe blows when breaking or cutting the shell into pieces.

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2. LONG NOSE PLIERS- it is used for cutting and bending wires. They are also used
for holding smaller shells as they are fastened to a project.
3. CLAMP- a device made of steel with a jaw and a thumb screw, used to press
pieces of coconut shells together.
4. C-CLAMP-used to press pieces of materials, such as wood or bamboo
5. TWEEZERS used for holding smaller shells as they are fastened or attached to a
project

E. DRIVING TOOLS
1. CLAW HAMMER- a hammer with one end of the head forked for driving and
extracting nails or dowels. A small hammer is used for driving small pins, nails,
screws and breaking shells together.
2. SMALL HAMMER- for driving small pins, nails, or used screws, and for breaking
shells
3. MALLET used for driving a wood chisel
4. SCREW DRIVER SLOTTED used to drive screws in wood or in metal

F. MEASURING TOOLS - these are tools to measure length and width using English or
metric system of measurement.
1. TAPE MEASURE- used for measuring fabrics; woods
2. METER STICKK- a rule that is 1m long in cm and mm
3. PULL-PUSH RULE- measure objects from 1m-50m long
4. CALIPERS- instrument for accurate measuring of diameter/ dimension

G. LINING TOOLS these tools are used for making lines to aid in cutting materials or to
indicate boundaries
1. PENCIL
2. TAILOR'S CHALK - used in fabrics
3. MARKING GAUGES- are used for marking a depth on wood
4. MARKING KNIFE- used to draw a line for the saw or chisel

H. TESTING TOOLS these are tools used to examine accuracy in measurement, angle or if
materials need to be leveled
1. PLUMB BOB a weight attached to a string and uses gravity to test whether it is
exactly vertical, true vertical to test line
2. SPIRIT LEVEL (PLUMB & LEVEL) a special tool to fit constructed materials or
anything that you need to be leve1.
3. TRY-SQUARE- used for checking the accuracy of right angles
4. SLIDING T-BEVEL helps to set and copy angles

I. FASTENING TOOLS any type of tool to facilitate joining or fastening materials together
1. MONKEY WRENCH to tighten loosed nuts, bolts or used or pipes
2. SOLDERING IRON usually an electrically powered tool with a metal edge that is
heated to melt soldering copper or lead

J. FINISHING TOOLS
1. WHETSTONE used for sharpening the edge of cutting tools
2. EMERY WHEEL for grinding and used seashells sharpening tools
3. SANDPAPER used to smoothen the rough edges corners and

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K. OTHER TOOLS
1. POCKET KNIFE multi-purpose knife to cut, scrape and clean materials
2. PLIERS used for cutting bending and wires used for pinching, clipping and
holding some parts while assembling.
EQUIPMENT
1. WORK BENCH used as platform for the tools and materials facilitates which sawing
cutting and using vices
2. SEWING MACHINE used for sewing fabrics
3. HAND LOOM used for loom weaving
4. INKLE LOOM a smaller version of the hand loom

Tape measure Meter stick Pull-push rule

calipers Tailor’s chalk Marking gauges
Pencil

Plumb bob Marking knife

Try-square

C-clamp Spirit level

Vise Sliding T-bevel tweezers

Auger bit Small hammer

Hand drill

Claw hammer
Pocket knife Expansive
Malletbit Screw
Scracthdriver
awl

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Rasp file spokeshave Monkey wrench

Tin snips Bolo Pliers

Emery wheel Work bench Inkle loom
Scissors Jackplane Crosscut-saw

Dovetail saw Sandpaper Whetstone

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF HANDTOOLS

Hand tools are indispensable in the construction of any project. Without them, you can
do very little or none at all. Careless handling of hand tools, however, will fast deplete the
usually limited supply for the class. Hence, you should use them properly. Aside from that, hand
tools, when carelessly handled, can be dangerous and may cause injury and even death to the
user. If properly handled, tools are good companions.
There are simple precautions in using hand tools, which should be followed to avoid
accidents and injuries. Your teacher will demonstrate to you the proper way of holding the tools
when at work and how to lay them on the working table when not in use.

Now, you already have explored the third topic of the Module on handicraft tools and their
uses.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: Make a research on other tools useful in school shops. List their use and
proper maintenance. Note down safety measure to observe when using the tools.

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References

Myzelbaltazar (2015). Tools and Equipment in Handicrafts. Retrieved on year 2021, from

[Link]/mobile/myzelbaltazar/tools-and-equipment-in-handicrafts.

Amidala, P. (2017). ARTS: Kinds of Handicrafts. Retrieved on year 2021, from

[Link]

Bernardino, Josephine C. (2002). Technology and Livelihood Education I, Phoenix Publishing

House, Inc.

Rafael, Edita T. (2005). Technology and Livelihood Education III, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Urbiztondo, Laarni a. (2016). ReandicraftMackame and Baskerty. Rex Bookstore.

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 Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

Course Overview

Course Number
Course Code Maj-HE 310
Description Title Craft design (Handicraft)
Credit Units 5
School Year/Term AY 2020-2021/2nd Semester
Mode of Delivery Online/ offline Learning
Name of Instructor Jea P. Gula

Course Description This course is the covers materials, techniques and

techniques and design in handicraft production.

At the end of the Module, you must have:

 Identify the different industrial raw materials
common in the localities.
 Identify the different products of manual
occupation.
 Observe the correct cautions as safe practices
Course Outcomes and usage of hand tools.
 Create/Construct manual products made to
industrial raw materials.
 Show the importance of handicraft for the
development of home industries.
SLSU Vision A high quality corporate University of Science,
Technology and Innovation.
SLSU Mission SLSU will develop science, technology and innovation
leaders and professionals; produce high-impact
technologies from research and innovations;
contribute to sustainable development through
responsive community engagement programs; and
generate revenues to be self-sufficient and financially
viable.

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 Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

What Is This Module About?

Welcome to the world of Craft design (Handicraft)!

The Module are designed in order to address the flexible learning modalities in higher
education as instructed by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). The course module on
Craft design (Handicraft) consist of four modules with module 1 has three topics, module 2
has three topics, module 3 has three topics, and module 4 has three topic. The presentation of
information was carefully planned so that optimum learning shall take place given the
modalities we have today.
To start the course module, you need to complete the pre-test structured by the author
of this module. The pre-test covered all topics of the course. You don’t need to worry because
pre-test will not be graded, just answer the test in order to determine the level of understanding
or prior knowledge to the subject.
Course module is divided into two terms, two modules for midterm and another two for
the final term. A separate examination shall be given to you to assess the knowledge gained
from the modules. Dates on the examination will be announced accordingly.
Every topic contains learning outcomes that you must accomplished one in a while. The
presentation of topics used 4As Model to ensure a learner centered approach. You must
complete every activity provided to help yourself understand the topic easily.
Once done with the course module, a separate parallel post-test will be accomplished by
you to further evaluate the learning and the module itself. References are provided for further
research on your end.

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 Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

Module 2:
HANDICRAFTS

Bachelor of Science in Technology Livelihood Education (BTLED)-Faculty

Southern Leyte State University – San Juan Campus

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 Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

Topic 1:
COCONUT SHELL CRAFT
In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Identify the different sources and uses of coconut;
2. Create/ construct manual products of coconut shell made of industrial raw materials and
recyclable materials.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

Have a good warm up before exploring more about this topic. Fill out the table below.
Parts of the Coconut tree Its benefits
Ex. The shell -it produces fashion accessories.

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. Why coconut tree is called “tree of life”? Which country is the largest producer of
coconut?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION
To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the Coconut Shell Craft.

COCONUT TREE

COCONUT PALM TREE

 The term coconut derives from the Spanish and Portuguese word coco, meaning "a
grin", "a monkey face“.
 Cocos nucifera is a scientific term for the coconut tree, or coconut palm.
 Tropics and subtropics are the natural habitats of the plant.
 Also known as “The Tree of life”

Why a COCONUT TREE is called “THE TREE OF LIFE”

The coconut palm is known as the tree of life because it

provides some of the basic necessities for humans and its
endless uses. The palm not only provides a source of food
and water but is also used for shelter, fuel and raw
materials.

The Coconut constitutes a plant that belongs to Palmae family and is widely grown in
tropical regions as it needs proper living environment for its growth and production. Even, for
that part of the plant that could be considered as waste, such as its fiber which is utilized among
other uses as “active charcoal”; while the shell is often processed to create “remarkable art
work”.
PARTS OF THE COCONUT TREE AND ITS BENEFITS
1. The Husk

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This is the rough exterior of the coconut which is made up of the coir (tough fibers).
Back in the day’s fiber of coconut is used to make mats, and in some countries coconut husk is
used as floor polisher and brushes when there weren’t any scouring pad to wash the dishes, the
locals used the coir with sand to clean their pots. It gave quite a shine to the utensil. For families
who could not afford mattresses, the fiber was used as stuffing to make homemade mattresses.
The whole husk is also great as packaging materials for plant, fuel fires and make toys.
2. The Shell
Before reaching the delicious flesh inside the coconut one has to get through the hard
shell. Today this is mostly thrown away after extracting the flesh. The shell which is quite strong
is also used by artisans to create long-lasting handicrafts. It also produces fashion accessories
like: shell necklace bags. Decorative items like: lamp shade, fruit and ash trays, guitars,
placemats, coffee pots, cups. Most important use of coconut shell is activated carbon produced
from its charcoal, it makes a great charcoal replacement.
3. The Flesh
This is the edible part of the nut. The vitamin-rich coconut kernel (the flesh) can be
eaten raw or cooked, or processed to manufacture other products like coco flour, desiccated
coconut, candies and animal feeds. When grated, placed in water and squeezed (or blended) it
produces coconut milk used in many Creole meals and desserts.
When matured, oil can be extracted from the kernel. The oil can be used for cooking,
prevent hair damage and moisturize the skin. It’s a great sunscreen too. Copra is dried coconut
meat that has 64% coconut oil content. Other products from coco oil are soap, lard, coco
chemicals, crude oil, pomade, shampoo, margarine, butter, and cooking oil
4. The Water
Fresh coconut water commonly called as “liquid endosperm” its function is to provide
nourishment for the developing embryo. It is also high in B vitamins, proteins and ascorbic acid.
A quick drink when feeling drained and depleted will help you get right back up on your feet. It’s
also a great treatment for sunstroke, stomach ache and urinary problems.
5. The Leaves
These are used to weave hats, baskets and mats. It’s a time-consuming practice which
takes a bit of skill. Skilled craftsmen use the midribs, the central veins that hold the leaves
together to make brooms. These are also used to make barbecue skewer, decorations and
traditional toys. In the past, the leaves were sometimes used for thatching traditional Creole
houses.
6. The Heart
Edible and known as ‘palmis’, “palm-cabbage”, and “heart of plam” it is found right
underneath the leaves of the coconut tree. In the Philippines it is known as ubod and considered
as one of the finest vegetables. It is a delicacy that is on high demand by both locals and visitors.
7. Spathe and Inflorescence
The coconut spathe is the scope-like structure that encloses the inflorescences (the
flowers) of the tree. It can be polished and varnished to make containers. When dried, the
inflorescence are used as a broom, especially on the beach when making a space for a lovely
picnic. When the spathe and inflorescences are still closed, locals tap it to release a sap, which is

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collected and fermented to make ‘kalou’ (coconut tree toddy). The principal uses of toddy are as
fresh beverage, alcoholic beverages, for producing vinegar, for making sugar and as a source of
yeast for making bread,
8. The Trunk
It is hardy and durable wood is used for building small bridges. It is also used to make
benches, tables, carvings, picture frames, tables, tool boxes, and pulp paper. In the past, the
trunks were turned into planks, used to board and partition houses. They make great pillars as
well and construction materials.
9. Roots
This part of the tree holds medicinal properties. It can be used to treat gall bladder,
urinary infections, kidney-related diseases, heartburn and eczema. ‘Kalou’ can also be made
from the sap found in the root. It is said that this ‘kalou’ is stronger.

COCONUT SHELL CRAFT

Shell is a hard protective covering of a cavity or tissue. Shells come from fruits of plants
especially nuts. A palm nut is covered by a glossy skin, fiber and pulps known as the husk, then
the shell. Inside the shell are the meat and water. A young shell is whitest or cream in color,
while matured shells are hard and brittle. Working with shells requires skill and dexterity.
Sharp tools easily get dull while working on shells.
Cutting shells. Straight cuts are made with a backsaw. Saws for wood dull easily when
used on shells. Tools for metal is appropriate on shells. Cutting with sharp edges like a bolo or
knife is very common. The pressure exerted by edge-cuting tools have more chances to break or
crack shells since itis hard and brittle, Shaping with edge-cutting tools is done with utmost care
and controlled pressure. Curve cuts are done with narrow blades such as coping saw, turnings
saw, or keyhole saw.
Scraping. Edge cutting tools such as spokeshave, bolo or knife are good Scraping tools. A
scraper may be used for this purpose. Only the remains of the husk from the outside and those
of the meat from the inside are scraped.
Assembling shells. Shells are attached to each other with the use of glue or by tying
with rattan, wire or nylon cord. Small holes may be drilled for the tie to pass.
Finishing shells. Shells lose its natural beauty when covered with opaque finish. Natural
fish is best for shells such as the use of varnish, shellac, or lacquer.
The term “coconut” dates back to the 16th century. It derives from the Spanish and
Portuguese word coco, meaning "a grin", "a monkey face" respectively, since there is a slight
resemblance to a human face or a monkey head because of the three tiny indents on the hairy
shell of the fruit. Cocos nucifera is a scientific term for the coconut tree, or coconut palm.
Tropics and subtropics are the natural habitats of the plant. The coconut is a plant, which
favorably grows on the shorelines, it prospers on sandy soils. The fruit prefers rainy and sunny
weather, it cannot resist low temperatures. For a propitious growth coconuts also require an
area of high humidity.
Coconut is abundant in the coconut-producing areas like Laguna, Batangas, Quezon,
Marinduque, Mindoro, and Bicol provinces. Coconut shells as handicraft materials are used to
make cups, kitchen utensils, wall vases, children's bags, toys, pins, buttons, and plant hangers
among others. Coconut shells have distinct characteristics. They easily crack, so care should be

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taken when handling them. Shells of young coconuts are white but not brittle. Molave coconut
shells retain their size, shape, and thickness even when exposed to the sun. They do not warp or
shrink.

COCONUT SHELL AS A HANDICRAFT MATERIAL

1. Prepare the designs.
You can get ideas for your designs from many sources, like books, magazines, and
catalogs. Line etching and pyrography are the methods suited in making designs. Line etching is
done by cutting out a V-shaped line on the surface with a sharp knife. Make the design a simple
one to have an easy cut and to obtain a good result. Pyrography, on the other hand, is done by
heating a piece of wire with a design at its end, and burning the design on the shell.
2. Scrape the coconut shell.
This is done to expose the real shell. The remnants and some other strands of coir that
cover the shell are removed with any sharp tool. In scraping, hold the coconut shell firmly with a
vise, or press firmly with your toes. Don't exert too much pressure.
3. Transfer the design on the coconut shell.
There are two methods of transferring designs on the coconut shell: the carbon paper
method and the paste design method. For the first method, use carbon paper to trace the design.
This is good when the coconut shell is young and white. The paste design method is used if the
coconut shell is dark brown. This method is appropriate for cutting out buttons, buckles, and
initial pins. Glue is the best adhesive to use because it sticks well to the shell.
4. Cut out the project carefully with a coping saw.
Hold the shell firmly with a vise so that full effort in directing the saw when cutting is
exerted.
5. Bore holes on the coconut shells.
Extra care should be given in boring holes because coconut shells are brittle. Small holes
can be made with the use of a hand drill and a drill bit. For bigger holes, an auger bit and a
racket brace are used.
6. Attach or mount the coconut shells to wooden bases.
Holes are bored using a brad awl. These shells are then nailed and screwed to the base
and tied in place with rattan splints. Tying will add beauty to the project. Another technique is
using welwood or stickwel glue.
7. Polish the coconut shell articles.
Coconut shell articles look better when they are finished with a coating of shellac,
varnish, or lacquer. The coating will preserve the
original color and make it shiny. Painting coconut
shell is not advisable because it will cover its
original beauty.

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There are few electric motor-driven machines that are used mostly for finishing and
shaping:

Vertical drilling machine:

It is used to make small holes with precision on small coconut shells; to insert the bow
blade; to insert small hooks in items like earrings; or to make holes in a button.
Buffing machine:
A small attachment is used in the same machine to polish the inside surface of a shell or
a product and this process is called buffing.
Sander disc:
It is attached to the wood turning machine to smoothen the outside surface of the shell
for making any product. This disc has a rough surface like sand paper.

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Now, you already have explored the first topic of the Module on Coconut Shell Craft.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: Create/ construct manual products of coconut shell made of industrial raw materials
and recyclable materials. (REFER TO LABORATORY GUIDE)
SCORING RUBRIC FOR COCONUT SHELL CRAFT

CRITERIA EXCELLENT GOOD NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

(41-50) (31-40) (1-30)
SCORE

The craftwork is The craftwork shows The craftwork shows no

planned carefully; little evidence of understanding of the
UNDERSTANDING
understanding of most understanding the concepts and
(25%) concepts and concepts and instructions
instructions is shown instructions
and is usefuls

CRAFTSMANSHIP The craftwork shows The craftwork shows The craftwork shows
good craftsmanship, below average poor craftsmanship and
(25%)
with some attention to craftsmanship and no attention to detail
detail little attention to
detail

CREATIVITY/ The craftwork The craftwork The craftwork lacks

demonstrates some demonstrate little evidence of personal
ORIGINALITY
personal expression personal expression expression
(25%)

The student put forth The student put forth The student put forth no
the effort required to the effort required to effort or the project was
EFFORT
complete the project finish the project well not completed
(25%) well

TOTAL

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 Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

Topic 2:
FIBER CRAFT

In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
 Identify the different sources and uses of fiber;
 Discuss different sources of fiber.

Let’s begin (Activity)

I. Direction: Identify the following sentences and write the correct answer that will make the
sentences complete by selecting the right word given in the box.

1. Animal fibers is made up of______________?

2. Hemp comes from what part of a plant? _______________
3. What type of fiber made from sheep hair? __________________
4. The processed coconut husk is commercially called_____________?
5. What do you call the process of extracting abaca fiber from the stalk of abaca plants?
__________________

Protein Stems of hemp plant Wool

Bonotex stripping

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to understand the
discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. What is fiber? What region is the most abundant supply of abaca during the year of 2012?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the FIBER CRAFT.

FIBER CRAFT

WHAT IS FIBER?
Fibers are strong, elongated materials, or substances composed of thread-like tissues
capable of being spun or woven. Fiber is the material which consist of fibrous structure and
length is thousand times higher than its width. Fibers may be taken from coconut husk, buri and
abaca petioles, and maguey, sisal, or pineapple leaves.
Fibers are woven into cloth or made into twines, ropes, and thread. From these
materials, several handcrafted products are made. These include-bags, slippers, baskets, bed
sheets, handkerchiefs, table napkins, table runners, and macramé products.
They are of two types:
Natural fibers
Man-made or synthetic fibers.

Natural fibers may be obtained from plant, animal, and mineral sources. Those from plant
sources include cotton, flax, hemp, sisal, jute, and coconut. Fibers from animal sources include
silk, wool, and mohair. Those from mineral sources include asbestos and metal fibers.
Man-made fibers are not naturally present in nature and are made artificially by man. Man-
made fibers have high strength, strong when wet low moisture absorption characteristics.
Examples of man-made fibers are viscose rayon, acetate rayon, nylon, polyester etc.
SOURCES OF NATURAL FIBERS
Natural fibers can be classified according to their sources.
VEGETABLE FIBERS (cellulose)
Cellulose is the main component of vegetable fibers, several of which serve in the
manufacture of paper and cloth. Examples include cotton, jute, flax, ramie, sisal, and hemp.
Vegetable fibers can be further categorized into the following types:

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 Seed fiber: These are fibers collected from seeds or seed cases. Examples include cotton
and kapok.
 Leaf fiber: These are fibers collected from leaves. Examples include sisal and agave.
 Bast fiber or skin fiber: These fibers are collected from the skin or bast surrounding
the stem of the plant source. They have higher tensile strength than other fibers.
Therefore, these fibers are used for durable yarn, fabric, packaging, and paper. Some
examples are flax, jute, industrial hemp, ramie, rattan, soybean fiber, and even vine
fibers and banana fibers.
 Fruit fiber: These fibers are collected from the fruit of the plant, such as coconut (coir)
fiber.
 Stalk fiber: These fibers are actually the stalks of the plant. Examples are straws of
wheat, rice, barley, and other crops including bamboo and grass. Tree wood is also such
a fiber.

The most used natural fibers are cotton, flax and hemp, although sisal, jute, and coconut are
also widely used.
ANIMAL FIBERS (also called protein fibers)
Animal fibers are generally made up of proteins. Examples include silk, wool, angora, mohair,
and alpaca.

 Animal hair (wool or hairs): Fiber or wool taken from animals or hairy mammals. For
example, sheep's wool, goat hair (cashmere, mohair), alpaca hair, horse hair, and so on.
 Silk fiber: Fiber collected from dried saliva of bugs or insects during the preparation of
cocoons. Examples include silk from silk worms.
 Avian fiber: Fibers from birds, for example, feathers and feather fiber.

MINERAL FIBERS
Fibers obtained from mineral sources may be used in their naturally occurring form or after
slight modifications. They can be placed in the following categories:

 Asbestos: This is a mineral that occurs naturally in fibrous form. Variations are
serpentine (chrysotile) and amphiboles (amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, and
anthophyllite).
 Ceramic fibers: Glass fibers (glass wool and quartz), aluminum oxide, silicon carbide,
and boron carbide.
 Metal fibers: Aluminum fibers

OTHER USEFUL PLANT FIBRES

There are other important plant fibres as well.

1. COIR, Coir is the fibre obtained from the outer covering or the husk of the coconut. Usually
coconuts are left in water for a few months. The husk is then separated from the nut and beaten
with wooden mallets to get the fibre. The fibre thus obtained is spun and dyed and is ready for
weaving. Coir is used to make several household products like rope and floor covering and also
as a stuffing in mattresses and pillows.

The coconut husk contains three useful parts

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1. Bristle- the longer fibers, stiff, and course. These are the fine fibers that are
manufactured into yarns, ropes, twines and matting.
2. Pith- the loose and spongy tissues which bind the smaller fibers. These are the course
and thick fibers that are made into brushes, and brooms.
3. Coir- the smaller fiber extracted from the husk. These are short fibers used for
upholstery, mattresses, and in coco foam.
Fibers taken from the coconut husk are very useful. They are made into twine, rope, doormats,
carpets, mattresses, brushes, mops, and brushes of all kinds.
Extracting coconut fiber and coir
There are several methods of extracting coir and fiber from coconut husks. Some are given
here:
1. Soaking method- the husk are soaked in the water for two weeks or until the pulp
weakens its hold on the fibers.
2. Mechanical method- the husks are crushed through a series of iron rollers of a machine
known as a “husk crusher”. The husk are then soaked in water for seventy-two hours or
more. Soaking softens the hold of the pulp on the fibers and coir. The husks are then fed
into a revolving drum which is provided with spikes that tear out the woody parts,
leaving the coarse fiber behind.

OTHER USES OF COIR

The newspaper in manila reported new discovery of the use of coconut husk. According to the
report, coconut husk when properly treated with certain chemicals and subjected to some
technical processes can be a good material for house construction. It can be utilized for roofing,
walling, flooring, as well as wall boards. This processed coconut husk is commercially called
bonotex. One excellent property of bonotex is its resistance to heat. According to scientific tests,
it can be burned. It does not swell when soaked in water, nor does not warp or shrink. It is also
pliant. These physical properties may make it an excellent building material.

COIR PRODUCTS
Making of coir and its products is one of the main village industry of Kerala. Coir is
extracted from the “protective husk” of the coconut. Coir is used to make a range of floor
coverings, door mats, floor mattings and rugs, crushproof pile carpets etc. the mats comes
in a range of colors and intricate designs. Besides the rubberized coir, a blend of coir and latex,
is also used to make mattresses and cushioning. The husk separated from the nuts, are retted in
lagoons up to ten months. The retted husks are then beaten with wooden mallets manually to
produce the golden fiber. The fiber is later spun into yarn on traditional spinning wheels called
“Ratts”, ready for dyeing and weaving into myriad shades of floor coverings. Some main centers
for coir products are Allepey, Kollam and Calicut.

2. ABACA FIBER, internationally known as “Manila hemp”, is manufactured into rope, fish
nets, clothing materials, bags, slippers and hats.
The white, glossy fiber extracted from abaca stalks is called abaca. It is commercial name is
Manila hemp. Abaca is a plant which closely resembles the banana by its leaves which are
narrower. It grows in abundance in the Bicol provinces in Eastern Visayas, and in Mindanao.
Davao is famous for its abaca plantation. Much of the bulk of hemp exported to foreign
countries, especially the United States, comes from Davao.

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How abaca fiber is extracted

Abaca fiber is extracted from the stalk of abaca plants. The process is called stripping. There are
machines used for this purpose, in some rural homes improvised equipment for this purpose, is
still being used. The pulp is removed or separated from the fiber which we called abaca. The
fibers are bleached by either the natural or chemical process. Then they are gathered and sorted
into first, second, and third class. The sorting or classification is in the terms of length, fineness
and whiteness of fiber. These classification are graded, because the cost by bale depends upon
the quality of the fibers.

Uses of abaca
Abaca has many uses, the most important of which is for making ropes. The ropes used by ships
and other merchants marine are all made of abaca. Some of the ropes which you can see in the
local stores are also made of abaca. Twines and threads are also some industrial materials made
out of abaca. Fine abaca called sinamay is used for weaving cloth of various grades. Many
handbags used by women are made of abaca twines.

3. PINA FIBER, one of such inventions is Pina, a textile fiber obtained from pineapple leaves for
making fabric and is commonly used in the Philippines. It is sometimes combined with the silk
and polyester to create a textile fabric. Pina’s name comes from the Spanish word pina which
literally means pineapple. Pina fiber is hand loomed by only a few weavers, it is very precious
and scarce, which also makes it expensive. Kalibo, Aklan is the main and the oldest
manufacturer/weaver of pina cloth in the Philippines which are being exported to various parts
of the world most particularly, North America and Europe.
4. BRISTLE FIBERS are extracted in good quantity from buri petioles, which grow to as long as
three to four meters. The fibers are good materials for ropes and soft brooms.
Buri fibers may be extracted using the following procedure:
1. Pounding- the petiole is cut into the desired lengths and then placed over a pounding
board where it is repeatedly pounded with a mallet until the tissues surrounding the
fibers are loosened.
2. Soaking- the shiny outer skin of the petiole is removed. The remaining portion is then
subjected to heavy point to allow maximum water penetration into the innermost parts.
This is then soaked in water for fifteen days or more or until the woody tissues no
longer bind the fibers. The soaked petioles are shaken vigorously to let the tissues fall of
the fibers.
OTHER FIBERS

5. SILK: Silk cotton is another plant fibre that is commonly used as a stuffing in pillow, sleeping
bag, and life jacket. This fibre is obtained from the silk cotton tree, also called kapok. The fruits
of the kapok tree contain fibres that are light and fluffy (like cotton). When the fruit ripens, it
bursts open, releasing the fibres.

6. COTTON- The cotton plant is a shrub. It grows well in black soil and warm climate. It needs
moderate rainfall. Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant. A
variety of textile products are made from cotton.

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7. JUTE is a fibre obtained from the bark of the jute plant. It can be grown in different soil types,
ranging from clayey to sandy soil. It grows best in loamy soil (mixture of sand, silt, and clay),
sandy soil, and clayey soil. It grows well in regions where it rains a lot.

8. FLAX: Fibres obtained from the stem of the flax plant are woven to make a fabric called linen.
Flax fibres are also used in the production of rope and high-quality paper.

Now, you already have explored the second topic of the Module on FIBER CRAFT.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: Make a list of possible projects that can be made out of fiber and choose 1 project
then make a slogan about it.

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Topic 3:
SEA SHELL CRAFTS

In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
 Create/ construct sea shell products made of industrial raw materials and recyclable
materials.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

To start, take a look at the pictures below.

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NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to understand
the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. How many known species of shells are found in the Philippine waters? What is the
biggest? The smallest?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read
the content of the lesson on the sea shell crafts.

SEASHELL CRAFT

The 10,850 statute miles coastline of the Philippines is a breeding place of various
seashells of different species. The edible meat rich in calcium commands a very good price but
the greatest bulk of shell is gathered by diver for commercial sale to shell manufacturing
factories. The factory itself has a crew of divers who migrate from one island to another where
seashell beds are discovered. Seashell products such as lampshades, chandeliers, vases, trays,

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decors and others have found profitable outlets abroad and have turned out to be dollar
earners.
Of the so many kinds of seashells like the mother of pearl, ark shells, script shells, giant
clam, and other including kapis shell or lamperong are the most commercialized as raw
materials for seashell cottage industry. Shell factories sprang up having been motivated by a
lucrative market. Window pane manufacturing was the greatest consumer of lamperong before.
Today, glass jalousies replaced the shells and that resulted to other lucrative uses for
lamperong or kapis shells. Other seashells are used for ornaments. Laminations, precious
articles, the most famous of which is the mother of pearl shells, locally known as tipay. Tipay
can be used as insulating handles of pistols, knives, key holders, ornaments, can and swager
inlays, decorative edgings on guitars, furniture, and many other articles. Plastics are used to
replace tipay, but this synthetic material cannot replace the qualities of seashells.
Philippine shells are called balay, talaba, kaligay, paros, puipi, halsan, kabibi.
Varieties of shells include the following:
a. Giant clams- are often used as children's bathtubs or baptismal fonts. Natives of Palawan
and Sulu call it terebras. This variety of shell comes in different colors, hence they are good
materials for belts and buckles.
b. Mother of pearl shells- consist of two kinds: black lip pearl oyster and gold lip peart
oyster. Pearl shells are used in the manufacture of buttons.
C. Capiz shells- come from clams that grow 2.5 cm a year. They are year. They are round and
flat. The convex capiz is female while the flat shell capiz is the male species. Capiz shells are
made into windowpanes chandeliers, lampshades, trays, and many more.

USES OF PHILIPPINE SEA SHELLS

The most commercial use of big sea shells is in the making of buttons. The button
factories in manila consume a large portion of the sea shells which are brought from different
parts of the country. Another important use of sea shells is in the manufacture of window
sashes. The shell use for this purpose is locally called kapis. Some Visayans called this shell pi-
us, while the Ilocanos call it culintipay. Big windows sash factories in manila and other urban
centers use quite a big quantity of this kind of sea shell. Aside from these industrial uses of sea
shells, craft articles are also made out of them. Lamp shades, table lamp vases, lapel pins, name
pins, bracelets, buckles, belts, wall pockets, and flower vases are also made up of sea shells.
Some handicraft stores in manila and other urban center sell some of the best kinds of these
handicraft articles. Recently, the making of picture frames out of a certain variety of sea shell
was introduced in the local craft centers.

CHARATERISTICS OF SEA SHELL

Sea shells are hard but brittle. They are easily broken, especially when dropped on a
hard surface or hit by a hard object. When polished, sea shells have a shiny pearl-like surface.

Working on Seashells
Cleaning. Stains, mud, algae, and other dirt’s on seashells are removed by washing in
water diluted with either muriatic acid or detergents. Brushing will remove the inner dirt’s.

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Care should be taken not to leave scratches made by a steel brush. Washed shells are dried
under the sun.
Molding Seashells, The female kapis shell is concave while the male is flat. It was the
male shell that was used in window panes. Today, concave shells can be flattened and flat shells
can be curved as used for lining receptacles or for lamination with the use of heat or chemical
treatment. Heated shell turn to be weak and soft.
Cutting Seashells. Shell is hard and brittle. Striking it with a hard object or with a
careless use of an edge-cutting tool causes cracks or breakage. Straight cut on seashells is done
with a hacksaw. A coping saw is used to cut out curves or on frit work as in pins, or in other
intricate work on mother of pearl. Different cuts of pattern for lampshades and other project
made up of pieces of different parts are cut by punchers shaped to that of the pattern. Mass
production has been attained due to the metallic puncher designed for the purpose. Pile may
also be used to shape.
Assembling Parts of Shells. Shells are put together with the use of glue duco cement,
tying with nylon cord and lately with metal edging. Some projects like vase may be attached
with stove bolts or screws. Fine wires may be used for tyers but easily takes rust, hence not
durable.
Finishing Seashells. Natural finish is used on seashells. This is done to display its
natural beauty and special luster. Clear gloss lacquer or varnish is recommended for this
purpose. Other varnish may do it properly under-taken.
Opaque finish and paints should not be used with seashells, these finishes conceal the
beauty of the seashells, and hence these must not be used. As a guide in finishing seashells, only
clear gloss finishes are recommended for finishing seashells.

TOOLS USED IN SEA SHELL CRAFT

You need only a few tools in constructing sea shell articles. These tools are a hand drill,
coping saw, small round and triangular files, pocket knife, pliers, and a small hammer.

MATERIALS USED IN MAKING PROJECT

The materials you may need in making projects are sea shells of different sizes and
shapes, small crews with nuts, glue, paint, varnish, and shellac. Cardboard and wire may also be
used in some projects. The materials should be ready before you start making your projects.

SOME OF THE PROJECTS TO BE CONSTRUCTED

Some of the projects which you may be interested in constructing are the following; a
picture frame, an initial pin, a buckle, a lamp shade, or a flower vase.

CUTTING OUT ARTICLES

A special type of blade is used for cutting sea shells. A steel wire, nicked at regular
intervals and attached to a copping saw frame, is also a good blade for cutting out a buckle, pin,
initial, or button. Sea shells should be handled carefully, because they are brittle. In cutting
shells, the blade should be used with much care, as any careless push or pull of the saw may be
destroy the whole.
BORING HOLES

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A hand drill is used for boring holes on sea shells. These holes may be enlarged by using
a knife or a big drill.
HOW PROJECTS ARE FINISHED

Projects are generally finished by means of three processes, such as painting, varnishing,
or polishing. The best finish that would fit a project should be selected and used. Much care
should be taken in the selection of colors, the combination of colors, and in making the design
itself.

DECORATING PROJECTS
Sea shell projects are often painted with little designs depicting local scenes.

Now, you already have explored the third topic of the Module on sea shell crafts.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: Create/ construct sea shell products made of industrial raw materials and
recyclable materials.

SCORING RUBRIC FOR SEA SHELL CRAFT

CRITERIA EXCELLENT GOOD NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

(41-50) (31-40) (1-30)
SCORE

The craftwork is The craftwork shows The craftwork shows no

planned carefully; little evidence of understanding of the
UNDERSTANDING
understanding of most understanding the concepts and
(25%) concepts an concepts and instructions
instructions is shown instructions

CRAFTSMANSHIP The craftwork shows The craftwork shows The craftwork shows
good craftsmanship, below average poor craftsmanship and
(25%)
with some attention to craftsmanship and no attention to detail
detail little attention to
detail

CREATIVITY/ The craftwork The craftwork The craftwork lacks

demonstrates some demonstrate little evidence of personal
ORIGINALITY
personal expression personal expression expression
(25%)

The student put forth The student put forth The student put forth no
the effort required to the effort required to effort or the project was
EFFORT
complete the project finish the project well not completed
(25%) well

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TOTAL

References

Dagoon, Salvador C. (1993). Home Technology and Livelihood Education book I, Rex Book

Store.s

Bernardino, Josephine C. (2002). Technology and Livelihood Education I, Phoenix Publishing

House, Inc.

Rafael, Edita T. (2005). Technology and Livelihood Education III, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Urbiztondo, Laarni a. (2016). ReandicraftMackame and Baskerty. Rex Bookstore.

Belen, Hermogenes F. Ed.D. (1952) Philippine Creative Handicraft

[Link]
[Link]

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Course Overview

Course Number
Course Code Maj-HE 310
Description Title Craft design (Handicraft)
Credit Units 5
School Year/Term AY 2020-2021/2nd Semester
Mode of Delivery Online/ offline Learning
Name of Instructor Jea P. Gula

Course Description This course is the covers materials, techniques and

techniques and design in handicraft production.

At the end of the Module, you must have:

 Identify the different industrial raw materials
common in the localities.
 Identify the different products of manual
occupation.
 Observe the correct cautions as safe practices
Course Outcomes and usage of hand tools.
 Create/Construct manual products made to
industrial raw materials.
 Show the importance of handicraft for the
development of home industries.
SLSU Vision A high quality corporate University of Science,
Technology and Innovation.

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SLSU Mission SLSU will develop science, technology and innovation

leaders and professionals; produce high-impact
technologies from research and innovations;
contribute to sustainable development through
responsive community engagement programs; and
generate revenues to be self-sufficient and financially
viable.

What Is This Module About?

Welcome to the world of Craft design (Handicraft)!

The Module are designed in order to address the flexible learning modalities in higher
education as instructed by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). The course module on
Craft design (Handicraft) consist of four modules with module 1 has three topics, module 2
has three topics, module 3 has three topics, and module 4 has three topic. The presentation of
information was carefully planned so that optimum learning shall take place given the
modalities we have today.
To start the course module, you need to complete the pre-test structured by the author
of this module. The pre-test covered all topics of the course. You don’t need to worry because
pre-test will not be graded, just answer the test in order to determine the level of understanding
or prior knowledge to the subject.
Course module is divided into two terms, two modules for midterm and another two for
the final term. A separate examination shall be given to you to assess the knowledge gained
from the modules. Dates on the examination will be announced accordingly.

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Every topic contains learning outcomes that you must accomplished one in a while. The
presentation of topics used 4As Model to ensure a learner centered approach. You must
complete every activity provided to help yourself understand the topic easily.
Once done with the course module, a separate parallel post-test will be accomplished by
you to further evaluate the learning and the module itself. References are provided for further
research on your end.

Module 3:

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HANDICRAFTS

Bachelor of Science in Technology Livelihood Education (BTLED)-Faculty

Southern Leyte State University – San Juan Campus

RATTAN AND VINE CRAFT

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Topic 1:

In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Identify the importance of the rattan crafts and handicrafts for the economic and
environmental benefits

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

I. Direction: Identify the following sentences and write the correct answer that will make the
sentences complete by selecting the right word given in the box.

1. ______________is a larger rattan are from 2-6 cm in diameter used in furniture making.
2. ______________are plants that lean, twine, or crawl. They cannot stand on their own since
their stems are small and slender, and cannot carry their foliage without the support of a
sturdy material.
3. _______________ is a small vine twining on shrubs or bushes. When young, the stem is green
which turns white, brown or black as it matures. As it grows, the leaves fall leaving a
knotted mark. Occasionally it branches where the leaf grows.
4. _______________is a non-twining vine which grows slender leaning on tall trees. The trunk
is from 15 cm in diameter with nodes where the leaf sheath was attached. It grow from
5-20 meters long without branches except when the growing point is injured.
5. ______________known as small rattan, it is splinted into tiers or weavers. Its body is solid
fiber and pulp with the inner weaker than the back.
6. ___________________is the finest rattan in the world. Deep and shady places in the
Philippines forest is the best breeding places of rattan.
7. A __________________ is used on rattan work to shoe the natural beauty of rattan and to
prevent moisture and decay to set-in faster on the material.
8. Brown or dark spots are scraped with a ______________to have a uniform white stem.
9. A ___________is devised to bend rattan.
10. In assembling rattan parts, pieces of furniture made of rattan are assembled by nailing
using the common___________________.

Rattan Sica Philippine rattan natural finish

Vine Nito Palasan

spokeshave bender butt joint

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS

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Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. List as much as you can the different furniture’s made out of rattan?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the rattan craft.

RATTAN AND VINE CRAFT

KINDS OF VINE
Vines are plants that lean, twine, or crawl. They cannot stand on their own since their
stems are small and slender, and cannot carry their foliage without the support of a sturdy
material. The stems of vines, however, are tough although pliant. The skin is strong while the
inner core is fibrous. These different qualities of vines make them good materials for basketry,
tiers or fences, corrals, and for light structure work as in roof construction of bamboo and nipa
houses.
In general, vines are classified as twining and non-twining.
Nito

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- is a twinning plant. When young, the stem is green which turns white, brown or black
as it matures. As it grows, the leaves fall leaving a knotted mark. Occasionally it branches
where the leaf grows. Nito is a small vine twining on shrubs or bushes. The diameter of
the stem is approximately 2-4 mm and 1-5 m long. The outer part of the stem is splint
with the inner side scraped, as a splint and used as tiers or weavers as well as
decoration in weaves. It is hard when dry and pliant when fresh, or when soaked in
water. Nito is actually a twining fern.

The non-twining fern provides the inner part for industrial use in basketry. The
skin or bark is crashed or cracked to remove the inner part or fiber. When fresh it is
white, it turns brown when dry. It is a very good material for tier and strand in coiled
weaves. The non-twining ferns are found in dry thickets on shady places running on the
ground or leaning on shrubs or big trees. Stems may grow as much as 10 m long or
more. The species are kilog, alolocdo, locdo, ikloid, and jagnaya. These forest products
are gathered, bundles, and sold to users, who are usually fish trap operators. Jagnaya for
example is brittle when dry, however after this is soaked in water, it regains it pliability.

Rattan
– is a non-twining vine which grows slender leaning on tall trees. The trunk is from 15
cm in diameter with nodes where the leaf sheath was attached. The leaves resemble a
palm with thorns or spines on the petiole. It grow from 5-20 meters long without
branches except when the growing point is injured. Small rattan known as Sica is
splinted into tiers or weavers. Its body is solid fiber and pulp with the inner weaker than
the back. The layer close to the skin is the strong splint. Splints of shallow nodes are
used in seat canning gauges to various sizes. The inner side is scraped to produce a thin
and clean splint. Rattan splints of 3 m are bundled by hundreds and sold.

Larger rattan known as Palasan are from 2-6 cm in diameter used in furniture
making. Cuttings of 3 m or more are sold by the hundreds. Rattan stems do not have
hollow and the strong part is close to the skin of fine fiber and pulp. The innermost part

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is course and weak. Removing the skin exposes the peel which is strong and shiny when
polished.
Rattan or oway is commonly found in tropical jungles of the Far East, but
Philippine rattan is the finest rattan in the world. Deep and shady places in the
Philippines forest is the best breeding places of rattan. This forest product will vanish
unless conserved and cultures. The use exhausts faster the supply from the slow growth
of the plant. Today supply of rattan comes from the remotest forest of Palawan and
Mindanao. The supply from Negros and other part of the Philippine already exhausted.

Cutting rattans- a bender is devised to bend rattan. Dry large size stems are hard to bend. Two
pieces of wood or large iron pipe of 7.5 cm in diameter are bound together spaced between
allowing the stem of rattan to be inserted. The point or part to be bent is heated with a
blowtorch then bent to the desired bend of rounded corner. After the bend, they are tied to
make the bend fixed when cooled off. Circular bend is done just the same moving the bend on
the straight stem to the end using the stem as a lever. Brown or dark spots are scraped with a
spokeshave to have a uniform white stem. Rattan of 2.5 cm or less in diameter is easier to bend
even without heating.

Assembling rattan parts- pieces of furniture made of rattan are assembled by nailing using the
common butt joint. A 5-7.5 cm finishing nail is used. The joint is wrapped with rattan splints to
reinforced the strength and conceal the joint. Usually a rounded corner reinforcement is
provided on cross or “T” joint for strength and contour enrichment.

A natural finish is used on rattan work to shoe the natural beauty of rattan and to prevent
moisture and decay to set-in faster on the material. Coloring rattan will not reveal its natural
finish. Varnish or lacquer, gives a very satisfactory finish.

Now, you already have explored the first topic of the Module on rattan crafts

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: What is the importance of the rattan crafts and handicrafts for the economic and
environmental benefits? 15 points

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Topic 2:
BAMBOO CRAFT
In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Create/ construct bamboo products made of industrial raw materials and recyclable
materials.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

I. Direction: Identify the following sentences and write the correct answer that will make the
sentences complete by selecting the right word given in the box.

1. _______________is a tropical plant of the grass family. It grows in tropical countries of the
world. In the Philippines, it grows in the countryside along banks of rivers and brooks.
Bamboo is a common construction material in the rural areas.
2. ______________is the largest of all bamboos. This is the strongest and the most common
construction material in the rural Philippines.
3. ______________is a species of bamboo that develops poles are large as the spiny bamboo
but without spines. The skin is clean and thin.
4. ______________the poles of this bamboo are as large as those of the spiny bamboo, which
are straight but with shallow nodes. The skin is rough and brittle indicating that it is not
good for making splints. It has a thinner internode. Its being straight makes it best for
flooring and slat making.
5. _______________This species is characterized by short and thick internodes with yellowish
pole. The size ranges from 2-5 cm in diameter and the length is from 3-5 m.
6.

Bamboo Spiny bamboo Kiling

Botong Japanese bamboo

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. What are the different parts of bamboo? Explain each briefly.

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ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the bamboo craft.

BAMBOO CRAFT

Bamboo is a tropical plant of the grass family. It grows in tropical countries of the
world. In the Philippines, it grows in the countryside along banks of rivers and brooks. Bamboo
is a common construction material in the rural areas. Light dwellings and other construction
work are made of bamboo. Intricate craftwork of bamboo are items of export. Working on
bamboo requires skill and dexterity.

Parts of bamboo

Culm
- The bamboo culm is the term used to describe the bamboo shoots itself. Culms are
hollow but some species of bamboo have solid culms. Each culm segment begins and
ends with a solid joint called node. The segments between the nodes are called
internodes. From nodes grow leaves and branches.
Nodes
- Nodes are characterized by a swelling encircling the ends of the culms segment.
Internodes
- Bamboo internodes usually hollow inside and form bamboo cavities. Depending on the
bamboo species, wall thickness of the stem can vary greatly from thin walled to even
solid.

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Kinds of bamboo- different bamboos different from each other in characteristics, structure,
sizes, and weight.
1. Spiny bamboo- is the largest of all bamboos, when
properly cultured early at its growing stage. This differs
from other species because of its spines. This is the
strongest and the most common construction material in
the rural Philippines. Shoots appear at the start of the
rainy seasons. Branches and twigs tend to develop fast at
this stage. Young poles become watery when cut and
dried attract weevils which chew the sweet dry sap.
Young poles are good materials for splint-making for
basketry. For construction material, poles must be at
least one year old. The time for cutting the spiny bamboo
is at the close of the rainy season and the start of the dry
season.

2. Kiling or tiling- is a species of bamboo that develops

poles are large as the spiny bamboo but without spines.
The skin is clean and thin. The shoots grow throughout
the year, unlike in the spiny bamboo which are seasonal.
Matured poles are used as construction materials
especially in house flooring since these are straight.

3. Botong or dalusan- the poles of this bamboo are as

large as those of the spiny bamboo, which are straight
but with shallow nodes. The skin is rough and brittle
indicating that it is not good for making splints. It has a

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thinner internode. Its being straight makes it best for flooring and slat making. The
internodes are longer than those of the spiny bamboo. The shoots grow throughout the
year and the poles are sparcely spaced. The poles are spineless. The leaves are broader.
The bamboo species is abundant in Capiz and Aklan.

4. Bulo- this is a small species of bamboo but the poles are

long with very thin internodes. The size of the poles is
averaging 3-5 cm in diameter. The skin is rough and
brittle. The stems are spineless with broader leaves.
Poles being small, are crashed and spread and used for
weaving wailing materials of cottages, fences, or rice
bins, baskets, etc.

5. Buriraw- this is smaller species than a spiny bamboo, but it is

without spine. The internodes are thick and the poles are
striped with yellow or white. This is used as construction
material but it is not common.

6. Japanese bamboo- the species is characterized by short and

thick internodes with yellowish pole. The size ranges from 2-
5 cm in diameter and the length is from 3-5 m.

7. Bagacay- this species is produced poles having long and thin

internodes which are spineless. The size is about 1-3 cm in
diameter. The length of the poles is from 2-4 m the poles are
very light which make good fishing rods.

CUTTING BAMBOO
It must be remembered that bamboo poles are made of hallow, thin wall of parallel
fibers in a circular form segmented by nodes. Any strong pressure can cause a crack. Cutting a
bamboo is done with technique, skill, and precision.

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Cutting with a saw- this is done by making a kerf around. A sharp cross-cut saw is used since
the knife-like teeth makes it very easy to cut the bundle of fibers. The back or outer side of a
bamboo is harder than its inner side. Cutting through without turning around causes the fibers
to split out as forced by pressure of the teeth before being cut.

Cutting with a bolo- this is done with a series of slanting cut around. A sharp edge-cutting tool
cuts a bamboo better in a slanting position than in a vertical position. Vertical stroke exerts
more pressure, hence cutting this way can cause a crack on a bamboo poles. Vibration takes lace
causing the bolo to jag rather than cut. An alternative slanting cut can have an even cut and
faster.

Splitting bamboo- this is to open the whole or divide the halves to a desired width. This is done
with a bolo or big knife. Splitting the whole bamboo is easier by working on the knot or eye
placing point of bolo or big knife as well as a chisel to serve as wedge to cause a crack. The knot
or eye is the hardest part when splitting. The crack runs down to the internodes and with or
without continuous pressure, it moves toward the end. Splitting is done in making slats or
dividing a bamboo lengthwise. Stronger resistance of a split is experienced on the nodes, hence,
more effort is exerted on this part.

Fitting bamboo- working on bamboo is similar as working on wood. Parts are assembled either
by nails or by fastening materials with the use of any common wood joints. Joints commonly use
are lap, mitre, dado, mortise, tenon, and butt. Fitting is necessary since the bamboo stock is
circular. To fit a hole to the size of the stock, place the end of the stock, place the end of the stock
to be inserted and marked around. With a sharp small chisel od ¼ inch od 1/8 inch trace the
mark by chiseling the inside leaving the mark. Make sure that the cut is clear and perpendicular.
Place the stock into the hole to fit and mark again. Remove the stock and see to it that the cut is
equidistant from the mark. Chisel the unequal portion and fit the stock.
On miter or cross –lap joint, place the stock and mark. Cut on the mark. Remove the
water part or sawdust and place the stock to fit. With a backsaw, pass the saw close to the side
of the stock allowing a clearance for the stock to have a perfect fit. The thickness of the backsaw
makes an equal opening causing the joints to fit.

Procedure in making a project

Project making involves the following steps:
1. Make a plan- a working drawing or a sketch plan of the project is made to suit the
material to use. Take into consideration that the design must follow its function. In
designing a project out of bamboo it must be understood that bamboo is hallow, circular,
straight, thin culm of different diameters, which taper to the top end, with nodes soft
and weak inner side, having parallel fibers etc.
2. Estimate the bills of materials based on the plan or drawing. Examine the dimension
carefully and consider how each part can be made and assembled.
3. Make a list of tools needed and have them available for use.
4. Layout or mark the measurements with the materials ready and complete.
5. Cut the stock to dimension as specified.
6. Shape parts as needed in preparation for assembly.
7. Fit parts to each corresponding attachment.
8. Assemble parts by either use of nail, screw, bolt, glue or simple joint.
9. Prepare the surface for a finish and apply the finish desired.

Bamboo craft is best finished in a natural finish to show the bamboo’s natural texture
and elegance. Opaque finish such as painting deceives nature of its natural beauty. By opaque
finish, bamboo may be taken as metal or other material.

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Fitting a bamboo joint- backsaw is used to make an accurate cut. A pencil mark is made to
guide the chisel in making a fitted hole.

Now, you already have explored the second topic of the Module on bamboo crafts.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: Create/ construct bamboo products made of industrial raw materials and
recyclable materials.

SCORING RUBRIC FOR BAMBOO CRAFT

CRITERIA EXCELLENT GOOD NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

(41-50) (31-40) (1-30)
SCORE

The craftwork is The craftwork shows The craftwork shows no

planned carefully; little evidence of understanding of the
UNDERSTANDING
understanding of most understanding the concepts and
(25%) concepts an concepts and instructions
instructions is shown instructions

CRAFTSMANSHIP The craftwork shows The craftwork shows The craftwork shows
good craftsmanship, below average poor craftsmanship and
(25%)
with some attention to craftsmanship and no attention to detail
detail little attention to
detail

CREATIVITY/ The craftwork The craftwork The craftwork lacks

demonstrates some demonstrate little evidence of personal
ORIGINALITY
personal expression personal expression expression
(25%)

The student put forth The student put forth The student put forth no
the effort required to the effort required to effort or the project was
EFFORT
complete the project finish the project well not completed
(25%) well

TOTAL

Topic 3:
LEATHER CRAFT

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In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Identify the different sources and uses of leather, its importance, significance and
insignificance to handicraft and environment.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

Direction. Fill in the blank. Identify the following questions below.

1. This type of leather refers to the hides that have not been sanded, buffed, or
snuffed to remove imperfections (or natural marks) on the surfaced of the hides?
_______________________
2. It is the second highest quality of leather, it has had the “split” layer separated
away, making it thinner and more pliable than full-grain. ______________________
3. This is the most expensive type of tanning method which does not use chemicals
to dye the leather and instead uses natural methods of coloring such as tree bark
and tannin is called? __________________________
4. This pelts are obtained from large size animals such as cows, horses, elephant,
carabao, and camel.______________________
5. A process by which pelts, skins and the hides have been chemically treated to
preserved quality, natural beauty and are smoothen and made pliable, so they
will be ready for use. _______________________

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. Why use leather? What is it called when you work with leather? Why is leather
expensive?
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_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the bamboo craft.

LEATHER CRAFT

The first kind of clothing used by man is made of leather. The first leather used
by primitive was sun-cured. It was stiff and hard. Soon, however, they learned to treat
raw hide with bark of trees. Tanning originated this way.
When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, in the early part of the 16 th
century, the Filipino where already adopt in tanning leather. Leather during those days
was used as clothing, shelter, footwear, water container, and was also used by Romans
as money. Today leather is used in making purses, billfolds, card cases, portfolios, belts
slippers, watch fobs, sheaths, shoes key holders, gloves, bags, jackets etc.
Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible
animal raw hide and skin, primarily cattle hide. It is animal skin that has been processed
to retain its flexibility, toughness, and waterproof nature.
TYPES OF LEATHER (according to surface grain)
FULL-GRAIN LEATHER
- Refers to the hides that have not been sanded,
buffed, or snuffed (as opposed to top grain or
corrected leather) to remove imperfections (or
natural marks) on the surfaced of the hides. And the
leather which has not had the upper “top grain” and
“split” layers separated.

CORRECTED-GRAIN LEATHER
- It is any leather that has had an artificial
grain applied to its surface. The hides used
to create corrected leather do not meet the
standards for use in creating vegetal-tanned

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or aniline leather. The imperfections are corrected or sanded off and an

artificial grain embossed into the surface and dressed with stain or dyes.
TOP-GRAIN LEATHER
- (Is the second highest quality) it has had
the “split” layer separated away, making it
thinner and more pliable than full-grain. Its
surfaced has been sanded and a finish coat
added to the surface which results in a
colder, plastic feel with less breathability. It
is typically less expensive and has greater
resistance to stains than full-grain leather, so
as long as the finish remains unbroken.
SPLIT LEATHER
- A leather created from the fibrous part of
the hide left once the top grain of the raw
hide has been separated from the hide.
During the splitting operation, the top-grain
and drop split are separated.
- The second layer or lower layer of the
skin left after removing the Full Grain layer
is the Split Suede and will be suede on both
sides. These types of leathers also will come
in various thickness depending on
application. It is less costly and therefore
utilized in products where Full Grain is not
required such as tool pouches, moccasins,
suede garments etc.
- This layer of the skin can also be further processed by the application of a
synthetic finish and hair cell to one side of the suede to create an artificial
look of Full Grain leather, known as “finished split” hide. This is used
extensively in lower cost furniture and garments and represented as
“Genuine Leather” which technically it still is although it may look like
something it is not.

KINDS OF LEATHER (according to source)

Some of the most common kinds of leather being used for leather craft are calf
skin, cow hide, sheepskin, goat skin, carabao hide, and horse hide.

Other sources;
• Mule
• Ostrich leather
• Kangaroo leather

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• Eel skin
• Crocodile
• Snake kips
• Seal skin
• Shark skin
• Lizard kips
• Whale skin
• Walrus
• Pig skin
• Deerskin etc.
MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER
Pelts are the undresses skins of animals with furry coats.
Sources of pelts
 Hides are obtained from large size animals such as cows, horses,
elephant, carabao, and camel.
 Skins are obtained from the small sized animals like calves, sheeps, goats,
kangaroos, pigs, and alligator.
 Kips are the pelts of undersized animals like snakes, lizards.
RAW MATERIALS
 Skins/hides
- From cows, pigs, goats, and sheep
- Exotic animals such as alligators, ostriches, and kangaroos
 Tanning materials
- Vegetable- extracts from the bark and wood of trees (oak, wattle etc.)
- Mineral- trivalent chromium sulphate
- Aldehydes- formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or oxazolidine
WHAT IS TANNING?
Tanning of leather is the process by which pelts, skins and the hides have been
chemically treated to preserved quality, natural beauty and are smoothen and made
pliable, so they will be ready for use. The chemical procedure used to ready raw animal
hides for use is called “tanning”. This is simply made by immersing the pelts in chemical
solution, or extracts from barks of tree like chestnuts and many others to produce a
strong, flexible leather which is able to resist decay and spoilage. It is the process
removing volatile natural oils from animal hides, preserving it with tannins or
chemicals, and re-introducing shelf-stable oils for flex and suppleness.
METHODS OF TANNING
VEGETABLE TANNING
 This is considered the earliest method in tanning leather. Uses tannic acid,
which extracted from tree bark. The bark of trees, leaves, and sometimes
wood are used and this is called “bark tannage”. This is very slow process
for it requires several months to finish. The pelts is hung on sticks and
immersed in vats containing water and extract from hemlock, oak, and other

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plant material. Every day the liquid is made stronger by adding more tanning
extracts.
 Used on shoe soles, luggage belts, and some upholstery. Vegetable tanning
produces stiffer leathers.
Advantages:
- Produces “one of a kind” leather and products
- High durability, can last a lifetime
- Only utilizes natural ingredients
- Bio-degradable and environmentally friendly
- Will have a rich patina that gets better with time and use
Disadvantage:
- Vegetable tanned leather is porous ( can be treated with oil or wax to make it
water resistant)
- Scratches easily, however scratches can be buffed out
- Can be a bit stiff when first tanned, but softness will increase with time as
well as darkness in color
- Being in heat for extended period of time will cause the leather to dry out or
cracked
- Because of the lengthy and involved process, it can make leather and goods
made with this leather more expensive
CHROME TANNING
 Is done with use of chemical like chromium salt. This applied to the hide
which will then produce leather very much different from that produced in
bark tanning method. Other chemical are also included like salt, copper,
crystal, sodium carbonate, and chrome alum. When these chemicals are
dissolve, the pelts are immersed in the solution to open the pores of the skin.
The pelt should be thoroughly immersed. Twelve hour is sufficient to finish
the chrome tanning.
 Most upholstery, shoes, garments, bags. Chrome tanning produces softer
leather.
Advantages:
- Is produce quickly and inexpensively
- Leather and products made with this leather are less expensive and are made
in greater abundance.
- There can be a wide variety of colors to choose from, and the color of the
leather will not change over time
- It is thinner and softer than vegetable tanned leather.
Disadvantages:
- Not environmentally friendly (the process results in toxic waste water that
will negatively impact the environment

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- The leather is not biodegradable

- The look of the leather is not very natural, and will typically have a chemical
smell
FUR METHOD
- This is considered as the easiest method. The hair of the pelt is preserved as a
decoration on the leather. The chemical compounds used are the grease, oils,
or any other compound which may be possible produce leather with different
characteristics. The application of the compound is only on the flesh side and
never at all on the grain side because it will destroy the hair. The brush is
used to apply the compounds and application done three times is enough.
Splitting is done with the hands and never with the machine.

Where to obtain leather?

There are number of ways of obtaining leather for your projects. We shall mention a few
in the following paragraphs.

- Some dealers sell leather in big quantities. The leather is sold in various
standard sizes. If you need only a small piece for a certain project, it is useless
to go to these stores. Most likely you will be shown a big piece of leather.
- Some retailers, however, are willing to cut out the size need from a big piece.
You will only pay for the cost of the number of square inches of leather you
buy. Some stores even cut leather into small sizes which suits the need of
buyers. Scrap leather may be bought from second-hand stores. However, you
may not be able to get the size which you need. Or you may get the poor kind
of leather. You should buy the best kind of leather in order that your project
may be well done.

LEATHERCRAFT
The decorative working on leather, called leathercraft, has been practiced for
many centuries. Fine examples of this ancient craft still exist in many places, especially
in the museums. Many useful things, such as, purses, card cases, portfolios, belts,
slippers, watch fobs, sheaths, billfolds, shoes key holders, gloves, bags, jackets etc.
Leathercraft is pleasant work which may be practically done anywhere.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS YOU WILL NEED
Some of the tools which you need for this craftwork are cutting board, ruler,
small square, sharp-pointed pocket knife, whetstone, leather strop, water container,
sponge, glass, straight-edge, edge creaser, modeler, tracer, stipple or background tool,
stamping tools, and mallet.
1. Cutting board – softwood, preferably tangili or lauan, is a good material for
cutting board in leatherwork. The knife, when cutting through the leather, will
not be drawn off its course by any irregular hardness of the wood grain.
2. Leather strop – the cutting edge of the knife ought to be very keen. This can be
done by honing it on a leather strop so that the wire edge produced by the

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whetstone will be removed. A good strop may be made by gluing a piece of

leather, preferably cowhide, to a piece of tangili.
3. Glass – for leather modelling, a smooth and hard surface is necessary. Glass or
polished marble slab is well adapted for use as a modelling surface.
4. Edge creaser – an edge creaser may be made of metal or a small piece of
hardwood. This tool is used for creasing the front of a flap or the exposed edges
of leather such as those found in pocketbooks, purses, or key holders.
5. Modelers – for all types of leather tooling, modelers are the most important tools.
They are used for beveling and burnishing outlines in outline creasing, for
depressing and polishing backgrounds in flat modelling, and for raising the
designs into relief in embossing. A number of tools with different shapes, all used
for the above processes, are classified as modelers.
6. Tracer – this is a pointed tool used for transferring the designs from the paper
pattern to the leather. The tracer is also used to bring out the lines of a design
after the pattern has been removed.
7. Deerfoot – the deerfoot is used is used extensively in flat modelling. Its points are
very suitable for developing almost any type of shaded effects.
8. Spadepoint – the spadepoint is used for embossing where stretching and raising
of the leather is necessary. This is accomplished through pressure exerted from
the underside, with the point of the spadepoint tool.
9. Stipple or background tool – the stipple is used for the development of a
background which gives contrast to a design and makes certain desired lines
stand out.
10. Stamping tools – are used for stamping backgrounds and developing designs.
HOW TO SELECT A GOOD DESIGN
In selecting a good design, you should remember that simple drawings are much
better than complicated ones. There should be enough details to make the design
interesting. Designs which can be made with a straight edge or with curves available
in your tool kit should be selected. Irregular curves are difficult to make.
TRANSFERRING DESIGNS ON LEATHER
Designs can be transferred on a leather by means of two method.
1. First method, moisten the surface of the leather with water. Next, place the
leather on a flat and hard surface, preferably glass or marble. Then sponge the
surfaced evenly with water. When the leather has softened, trace the designs
with tracer. You will notice that the leather will be dented.
2. Second method, is using a carbon paper between the design and the leather. The
design is traced as in the first method, but instead of a dent, a black outline will
appear on a leather. You should do both ways carefully in order that you can
produce good lines on the leather.
DECORATIONS ON LEATHER
Generally, there are two methods of decorating or tooling leather. One is called
flat modeling and the other is embossing. When no part of the design is raised above the
original surface, the method is called flat modeling. The method of tooling leather by

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raising some parts of the design above the surface in relief is called embossing. This is
done by depressing the background, by raising some areas from the inside.
TOOLING LEATHER
After you have transferred the design, you can start tooling the leather. A stipple
is used for this purpose. Stippling is the process of developing a background which give
contrast to a design and makes certain desired lines stand out. In tooling leather, hold
the stipple perpendicular to the leather to the leather and strike it moderately and
uniformly with a mallet.
There are also stamping tools which may be used to develop backgrounds or
make designs stand out. These tools are used like the stipple.

PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR LACING

There are a few tools which you need in preparing the material for lacing. Some
of these are a straight, preferably a square, a spacing wheel, an awl, a fig, a drive punch,
and a revolving punch. The spacing wheel is used for marking the place for stitching.
The awl is used for making small holes, the fig for enlarging the awl holes. A drive and a
revolving punch are used to make holes. These tools facilitate the preparation of the
material for lacing. Practice with each tool before using them on your project.

TYPES OF LACING STITCHES

Some projects need lacing, for lacing adds beauty to the project. Good lacing
needs even width of the lace; uniform distance of stich; and correct placing and tension
of the lace or thong.
Clean the surface of the project carefully. It should be free from oil or grease. Use
a small camel’s hair brush for applying the dye. When you use two or three colors, be
sure not to use the same brush unless it has been carefully cleaned first. Much care is
needed in applying a dye. Because once it is applied it is difficult to remove.

DYEING ON THE PROJECT

Dyeing is the process of coloring leather with the use of dyes. There are many kinds of
dyes, but the most common is the water dye. It is sold in powder form, and water is used
to dissolve it. In all packs of dyes, definite instructions are given. They should be
followed carefully in order to get best results.

HOW TO ATTACH ANAP FASTENERS

In belts, billfolds, key holders, and other similar projects, you need a snap fastener. Snap
fasteners are used to hold down the flaps of purses, billfolds, key cases, or belts. Much
care is needed in attaching these fasteners, because the utility of the article is dependent
on the strength of the fasteners.

FINISHING THE PROJECTS

In constructing your projects, some dents, scratches, or stains may appear on it. These
should be removed with a burnishes. The lace is smoothened by pressing the mallet on
it. The final step in finishing your project is polishing. This is done with the use of
polishing materials which you can buy in the stores.

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Now, you already have explored the third topic of the Module on leather crafts.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

I. Direction. Answer the following questions. 5 pts. Each

1. What is tanning? What are the materials used for tanning? Why is tanning
necessary?
2. What are the tools used in making projects in leather crafts? Give their uses.
3. Describe the two types of transferring designs on leather. Which is better?
4. What is dyeing? What is the best type of dye?

References

Amidala, P. (2017). ARTS: Kinds of Handicrafts. Retrieved on year 2021, from

[Link]

Bernardino, Josephine C. (2002). Technology and Livelihood Education I, Phoenix Publishing

House, Inc.

Rafael, Edita T. (2005). Technology and Livelihood Education III, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Urbiztondo, Laarni a. (2016). ReandicraftMackame and Baskerty. Rex Bookstore.

Module 4:

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HANDICRAFTS

Bachelor of Science in Technology Livelihood Education (BTLED)-Faculty

Southern Leyte State University – San Juan Campus

Topic 1:
Embroidery
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In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. Appreciate the importance of Embroidery for the development of home industries;
2. Perform some of the embroidery stitches.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

II. Direction: Identify the following sentences and write the correct answer that will make the
sentences complete by selecting the right word given in the box.

1. It is an ornamentation of textiles and other materials with needlework.

2. It is used to measure more than one foot distance.
3. A tool use for transferring the design when using pricking and pouncing method.
4. A tool in embroidery that is used to keep the fabric stretched
5. A fine powder used in transferring design by prickling method.
6. A type of needle used for most standard embroidery stitchery.
7. A tool used to keep pins and needles in place.
8. It is use for easier threading especially by those sewers with poor eyesight.
9. Use to protect the middle finger and push the needle while doing embroidery work.
10. It is used to measure short distances.

Crewel Embroidery Gauge Needle threader

Pin cushion Pounce Stilletto

Tapestry Tape measure Thimble

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. What is embroidery? What is the major difference between embroidery needles and
sewing needles?

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ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the Embroidery.

EMBROIDERY

EMBROIDERY AND ITS BACKGROUND

Embroidery is an ancient craft hat reached the Philippines (through ancient Chinese and
Indian connections) even before the arrival of the Spaniards. It is a method of decorating a cloth
background by stitching thread onto it or affixing small metal beads to it. This art of the
needlework, in fact, is one Filipino tradition wherein Filipino women, at one point, were lavishly
praised and loved. Filipino girls in olden times, it is said, knew their worth by the way they

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pushed the needles and thread and sometimes, line wire, with their fingers. Considered creative
stitching, embroidery occupies much spare time of the Filipino womenfolk. They were
embroidering all over from the inscrutable rain forests in the highlands to the rustic tranquility
of the countryside to the den and dazzle of the cities.

Development of Philippine Embroidery

Embroidery is the ornamentation of textiles and other materials with needlework for
personal use and decoration not only at home but for offices as well. The tem embroidery is an
English word derived from the old French embroiders meaning edge and border.
Embroidery was introduced into the Orient by the Netherlanders in the 15th century. It
bought by the Spaniards into the Philippines where it has made a wonderful growth, and work
done it rivals the best work done in Switzerland, a country noted for its exquisite embroidery.
Embroidery reached its highest development during the Middle
Ages the nuns in the convents were the first to make articles with
embroidery wok during their leisure time. Since then, became so popular
that women started to enjoy it, creating designs of their own. In the
beginning embroideries were done by hand. But since the agent of
technology and the invention of the sewing machine. People are now
engaged in the machine embroidery.
Today, because of the fast growth of the industry, elegance of
designs and fineness of workmanship, Filipinos export articles with
embroidery work. Embroidery work is the best devices/instruments used
in sewing while materials or supplies are those that are consumed in
finishing a project

Below are the tools and materials use in Embroidery its uses and
maintenance.

Tools

Gauge-Use to measure short distance

Tape measure -use for measuring more than one-foot distance or

materials

Thimbles- made of metal or plastic, protect the middle finger and push the
needle while doing your embroidery work. This come in sizes 6 (small) to
12 (large)

Embroidey hoop/stiletto- made of wood, bone, metal or plastic use to

make eyelets in the fabric to be embroidered. It is also use to keep the
fabric stretched while embroidery stitches are applied on the design.
It is advisable to place tissue paper over the inner hoop or twist or
wrap the inner hoop with a thin material to prevent markings on the fabric.

Embroidery scissors- is small, sharp and pointed-good for line work use
tor trimming scallops, clipping threads, and cutting large eyelets
Protect the blade by keeping them in sheath or covered and get them sharpened
occasionally.

Needle threader- Is use for easier threading especially by those sewers with poor eyesight.

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Pounce- is fine powder used in transferring design by pricking method.

Embroidery needle- a short pieces of steel with a fine point at one end and a little opening or
eye at the other. The kind of embroidery work to do and the kind of thread to use are two things
to be considered in choosing your needle.
Needles should always have a fine tip so that they can easily move in and out of the
fabric. Do not use a needle which is bent, without a point or rusty. This will affect the regularity
and neatness of work. Protect your needles by storing them in a needle case. To sharpen needles
or make pins last longer by rubbing them with an abrasive material such as sandpaper or heavy
wool
Keep in mind that pins and needles are one of the most inexpensive notions used. Simple
care and knowing when to discard them are key. It is recommended to discard your needle
after eight hours of use; usually when threads or fibers start breaking and you feel it puling on
your fabric instead of gliding through it.

Crewel- sizes 1-10 are sharp-pointed, medium length with large eyes for easy threading
they are used for most standard embroidery stitchery.

Chenille- sizes 13-26 are also sharp-pointed needles but they are thicker and longer and
have large eyes. They are types of needles appropriate for embroidery that is worked
with heavier yarns.

Tapestry needle- is from sizes 13-26. They are similar in size to chenille but are blunt
rather than sharp. This makes them best for thread -counting embroidery and for the
needle point as well.

Water color brush- use for transferring the design using pricking and pouncing
methods.

Pin cushion- a place for pins and needles.

Tracing paper- used for tracing designs.

Sewing box- use to keep together the embroidery tools and materials.

Bag-to keep work clean and fresh, have a bag made from washable material to hold your
work when not busy on it

Materials

1. Fabric- sometimes referred to as cloth, are of great variety and they differ in material, weight,
weave, design, color, and finish.

Three types of Fabric

Common weave includes most tightly woven fabrics with a relatively smooth surface like linen,
wool and cotton. They are best used for articles with decorative stitches.

Even-weave are intended for hardanger embroidery since the number of threads per square
inch is same for both warp and woof.

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Basket weave is commonly used by beginners and ramie linen by those who have been used to
this embroidery. It supplies guidelines for cross stitch and smocking having an evenly spaced
pattern like gingham cloth and polka dots.

All fabrics should be prewashed before using them for quilting or embroidery. The filer
that is used in the fabric can cause havoc if it is not removed by washing prior to working with
the fabric

2. Thread- is available in various types. They differ in terms of texture, fiber content, number of
strands and colors. Threads are usually coded in numbers and color names they can be bought
in skeins, balls or spools. The color of the thread color and texture of the design and the fabric to
be embroiders, should suit the color and texture of the design and the fabric to be embroiders.

Proper Care of Embroidery Thread

As one of the most essential elements to the stitching process, it’s important to ensure proper
and careful care of embroidery thread. Store it properly under controlled conditions to avoid
the following issues:

Thread dents when a cone falls onto the floor, the point of impact can dent the thread, resulting
in a weak spot (or spots) that can ultimately lead to problems as the thread travels toward the
needle. This is a common problem for those that store unused cones on top of their
machine. Those cones will walk" across the machine table due to the vibration of sewing and
ultimately end up on the floor.

Discoloring and fading-Threads, especially rayon, will fade when exposed to sunlight for
extended periods of time. If your threads are stored on a window sill or anywhere that sunlight
can strike them full force, you risk fading and discoloring.

Lint buildup-Threads that sit out, exposed to the elements of your shop's environment, are
prone to dust and lint building up. Over time, such buildup can sink down into the threads.
When the thread travels through the upper thread path, it takes the crud with it, dispensing it
along the way onto critical surfaces (such as tensioners) that need to remain clean and smooth.
The end result will be inconsistent upper thread tension and possible thread breaks.

Brittleness-In addition to discoloring and fading, excessive exposure to sunlight can dry out the
thread and lead to brittleness in the fibers. Obviously, this will weaken the thread and lead to
excessive thread breaks.

Embroidery Stitches

There are various embroidery stitches which you can choose from when you do
embroidery work. For you to gain more skill on this line, below are the illustration of some of
the embroidery stitches which will help and guide you as you enjoy working on this lovely craft.
1. Back stitch- the most often used to outline a design. This stitch also forms the base line
for other embroidery stitches
2. Bullion stitch- a single detached stitch that is used for filing in a design area. Rows of
bullion stitches may also be used to outline a design. It is recommended that one uses a
needle with a small eye to ease in puling out make good stitches.
3. Chain stitch- one of the more popular stitches used for outlining. When worked in close
rows, chain stitches make good stitches for filling the design area.
4. Cross-stitch- stitched formed by two crossing arms and may be used for outlining, as
borders or to fill in an entire area.

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5. Feather stitch a stitch with a loop and stitches evenly worked on both left and right
sides of a design area.
6. Fish Bone- a kind of filing stitch which is ideal for making leaves or feat hers. It requires
us to divide the pattern into two and each side is filled alternately giving it a plaited
effect in the center, thus ideal to make leaves or feathers.
7. French knot- a single detached stitched used primarily to fill in in a design area. it is a
popular stitch among embroiders in that it can be used to create the eyes on an
embroidered face or the center of a flower.
8. Herringbone stitch- a basic overlapping stitch popular for in use in borders.
9. Lazy daisy chain stitch- also called detached chain stitch, this stitch is work in a circle
to resemble the petals of a flower.
10. Looped stitch- a very decorative stitch and can be experimented with threads for
various colors over borders. Close layers of this stitch can create wonderful effects on a
pattern.
11. Running stitch considered being the easiest stitch for outlining.
12. Satin stitch a solid filing stitch that is used to cover a design area with long, straight
stitches worked very close together.
13. Split- done using quite thick threads, such as wool. It was used as an outlining stitch or
as a filling stitch.
14. Seed- also known as rice grain stitch. Stitch uses simple straight stitches in a single
direction to fill in patterns. It has shorter stitches above the fabric and longer stitches on
the reverse side. They remind of strawberry seeds, probably, which inspired its name.
15. Stem Stitch- basically an outline stitch, this stitch is usually used for flower stems, and
outlines. It can only be used as filling, rows of Stem stitch worked closely together
within a shape until it is filled completely.

Operation sheets
1. Back stitch

a. Bring the thread through A and take it in through B. This creates one stitch.
b. Bring the thread through C and take it in through B. This way we are creating a stich
by taking the thread backward
c. Bring the thread through D and take t in through C. Continue this pattern to finish
the design.
d. A finished line of back stitch will look like this.

2. Bullion stitch
a. Bring the needle out through A and put the needle through B at a desired length.
b. Now, bring the needle out through A again. Then, wind the thread around the needle
as shown. The distance of wound thread should measure the same as the distance
between A and B. Too many or too less wraps will spoil the stitch.
c. Then, hold the wrapped thread with your fingers and pull the needle out with the
other finger. Keep puling the needle completely in an upward direction till the wraps
lay on the fabric as shown above. Adjust and strengthen the wraps if required and
put in the needle back through B.

3. Chain stitch
a. Bring the needle through at the top of the traced line
b. Hold the working thread down towards the left with the thumb.
c. Insert the needle at the point where the thread has just come through and bring t up
on the traced line about one-sixteenth of an inch / 1.5mm further along.

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4. Cross-stitch
a. Bring the needle out through A and take out diagonally across to B. Bring it back
again through C, which less vertically below A.
b. Now put the needle in through D, which lies vertically above B. You have made a
single cross.

5. Feather stitch
a. We begin by doing a long tailed daisy with the start point on A. The loop is angled at
about 45 degrees since we are making a zig-zag pattern. While making the “tail”,
before going in through the fabric, we wrap the thread around the needle as shown
in the lustration.
b. Then, the needle is put in through C and brought out through D, again at an angle d
about 45 degrees. Next, loop the thread around the needle as shown. This is to make
the next long tailed daisy.
c. Continue this procedure of making long tailed daisies at 45 degree angles.
d. This illustration shows a portion of the feathered chain stitch.

6. Fish bone
a. To begin with, bring the needle out through point A, which is the top tip of the line Y.
Put it in through B, to make a single straight stitch.
b. Now, bring the needle out from a point very close to A on the line X. Put it in through
a point very close to B on line Y. Again pull out the needle through a point very dose
to A on line Z.
c. This procedure of putting in the needle through X and Z alternatively will follow.
Each time we will be connecting X-Y and Y-Z.
d. Make sure all the stitch points lie close to each other to avoid any visible spaces.
e. Half way through, our leaf would look like this. You can see the rib being formed.
f. Once finished, the filled leaf would look like this.

7. French knot
a. Bring the needle out through point A.
b. Now, place the needle close to the fabric. Wrap the thread around it twice, as shown.
c. Keep the longer end of the thread pulled with your fingers while putting the needle
back in a point just close to A or even through A.

8. Herringbone stitch
a. Bring the needle out through the first stitch line at A. Now, take the needle in
through B which lies diagonally across A on the second stitch line. Then, take the
needle backwards out through C, which lies near B.
b. Now, the same procedure will be worked on the first stitch line. Take the needle
diagonally across to D and bring the needle backwards out through.
c. Continue to make such crosses on both stitch lines alternately. Make sure the
diagonal stitches are parallel to each other to bring out the best look.

9. Lazy daisy chain stitch

a. Bring the thread out through A. put in the needle near A and bring it out through
point B, but don’t pull the needle out completely. Now, loop the thread around the
needle, like we would in chain stitch.
b. Pull out the needle out to lighten the loop. Put in the needle just outside the chain
created and that will finish the lazy daisy stitch.
c. This stand-alone stitch can be used freely to be a part of any design. Since I have
decided to make a flower, I will proceed with making multiple lazy daisies around
the marked stitch line

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d. The completed flower made of multiple lazy daisies.

10. Looped stitch
a. Lay the foundation by doing a running stitch. Take a contrasting colored thread and
bring it out from near the first running stitch
b. Start following the Pekinese stitch technique. Take the needle in through the second
stitch and come out through the first, making a loop.
c. Continue this action of 1ooping' using the running stitch foundation, as illustirated.
d. Finish up the pattern for it to look like this.

11. Running stitch

a. Bring the needle out at 1.
b. Insert needle down at 2
c. Continue steps a and b, working right to left, to make several running stiches. Check
that the stitches on both wrong sides of fabric are on equal length.
12. Satin stitch
a. Bring the needle out through A and put it in through B. so, that makes a stitch which
covers a small area between the stitch lines.
b. Now, bring the needle back through C, a point very close to A. Continue this action
over the two stitch lines.
c. Once finished, the area is filled as shown. You will be spending as much thread on
the reverse side as you do on the actual side of the fabric.
13. Spit
a. Bring out the thread out through A and put it in through B
b. Take the needle backwards to bring it out through C. Note that C lies half way
between A and B.
c. While bringing out the thread through C, take t in between the thread, splitting it
into two.
d. Again, put the needle in through D to bring it out through B, splitting the thread
e. Continue this procedure to finish the stitch. The only thing to keep in mind is to spit
the thread when bringing the needle out. In some way, it will give you a visual feel of
chain stitch.
f. The reverse of the fabric will give you a back stitch pattern

14. Seed Stitch

a. Make rows of short running stitch as illustrated. You need not do row after row, as
long as the strawberry seed pattern is more or less maintained.
b. Try not bend with the curves of the pattern. The rows of running stitch should
essentially be done in straight lines.
15. Stem Stitch
a. Bring out the thread through A and take it in through B.
b. Take the needle backwards and bring the thread out through C. Make sure the point
Ches over the sttah A-B. YOu need to note that the point c les about half way through
A and B. Also note that C lies on top of the stitch A-B. S0, all the subsequent sttch
points will lie on top their previouis sttch.
c. Take the needle in through D. Try to mark D in such a way that the point B will ie
half way through C-D. Bring the needle out through B.
d. So, the pattern of two stitches of the stem stitch will be as shown above.

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Now, you already have explored the first topic of the Module on Embroidery.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

Direction: In a white cloth, perform at least 3 embroidery stitches.

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Topic 2:
BASKETRY
In order to set our goals, please read the learning outcome.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, you must be able to:
1. List the possible basketry home industries in the community that can be made attractive
and export-oriented.

Let’s Begin! (Activity)

To have a god warm up please look at the picture below.

NOTE: You need to complete the activity above so that it will be easy for you to
understand the discussion below.

ANALYSIS
Let me ask you some questions from the previous activity that you have.

1. What do you think should be done to improve basketry production in our country?

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ABSTRACTION

To give you substance understanding of the topic, we will explore the topic more. Read the
content of the lesson on the BASKETRY

BASKETRY

Materials for Basketry

Basketry uses any material available such as roots, stalks, stems, twigs, petioles, midribs,
and leaves to form a container, a mat, or a sheet. These materials are taken from plants in their
natural form, processed to an industrial material ready for use. Plastic strips or tape as well as

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lace or ribbon processed from plants are now very commonly used. The supply of plastic rattan
like or rattan nito is available to craft workers today. This plastic strip is shaped like rattan
splints in white cream or the desired color for woven articles. Nylon thread or cord has been
introduced due to its strength and durability. Fibers are made into twines and utilized in
various works. Plants are the main source industrial materials for basketry.
Straw is a material for basketry. This is the round stalk of grasses, sedges, or rushes of the
species utilized for weaving. Example of straw is the stalk or rice and amorsico. From sedges the
most common are: tukug, balangot, tiker, matting rush, bag-as, tayoc-tayoc, and many others.
Straws are capable of being flattened.
Stalks. These are the whole of plant not pliable enough to be flattened. These come from grasses
such as the vitever, cogon tambo, talahib, bamboo, rattan, and others.
Slats are the split stalk of thick, strong, large culm of plants like bamboo or rattan. They are stiff
enough to be woven in fences, walls, sidings, and other similar structures. Splits vary from one 1
cm to 5 cm or more. The stiffer the slats the further are the stakes.
Splint is the thin layer of the thickness of the internode of the stalk or culm of plant. Bamboo
and rattan splints are the best examples of this. The back layer is stronger than the stomach
portion.
Splints are also taken from petioles of palm such as buri, coconut, dumaraca, banban, nipa and
other plant with long, large petiole, the skin of which may give a strong weaving material. The
splint taken from the petiole of abaca is called lupis, which is softer and good for wrapping
weaves for coiled rims.
Midribs are the stick-like structures at the middle of leaf of palms. This the stiff part of the
parallel leaf blade of palms. Extracted midribs are not only made into brooms but into sala sets.
Buri and mangrove cabonegro are excellent materials along with rattan and nito as tiers.
midribs of coconut make the best material in madiera weaves in trays, flower baskets, lady's
basket, market basket and egg basket in fashion today.
Leaf strips are made from the parallel long leaves ot palms sliced into desired sizes for soft strip
weaving. Pandan and buri leaves are the common materials under this category. Pandan of
various species differs in quality from buri leaves, however in use as weaving materials they are
similar.
Raffia is another material taken from buri which is thin layer extracted from the side coating of
its leaves. It is stripped into sizes of fiber joined and woven into birang. It is a coarse cloth used
to reinforce puff costumes or petticoats.
Fibers are elongated hairlike structure from plants. These are taken from either the leaves,
stalks, barks, or stems of plants. The most common industrial fibers are abaca, pina, maguey,
buntal, coir, ramie and jute. Each has a distinct method of extraction. Fibers are made into
fabric, twines, and nets. Bags and cordage factories are the greatest consumers of fibers.

Materials Appropriate for the Type of Basket

Baskets are classified according to their function or use. Baskets woven of fiber
materials, leaves or other soft materials fall on soft strip weave. These woven of splints, stipes,
slats or midribs or of stiffer materials are classified as hard strip weaves. Closed weaving
requires soft materials. Over one under one weaves as in mat or checker weaves is appropriate
as sotf strip weave.

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Open weave or apart strands or stakes or more jump over weaves require stiff harder
materials. Bending is slight in these cases, thus less opposition is offered by the materials.
Chances of breaking are minimized and a strong stiffer wall is necessary as in large containers
and walls as well as fences. When the pliability of the material is less, go for apart weaving or
more jump overs, as in twilled weave.
Processes. Various processes are involved in the preparation of materials for basketry. The
extracting of materials from plants vary according to the material needed.
Cutting. From the stock available cut the desired length more than enough of what is required.
It speciied, cut accurately to avoid waste. In weaving, materials may move up ana down with the
thickness of the strand shortening the weaver. Dack Dendng must be considered an allowance
in cutting. Too much allowance wastes tne materials and short cuttings create a problem on
work. Finsn a mode taking notes of data required before commercialized or mass production. To
standardize the product, a model must be perfected which serves as the base of mass
production.
Splitting. This is an operation of dividing the width of a stock to desired size with a sharp edge
or wedge. This is used on materials of parallel fibers, stalks, or on palm leaves. Splitting will
produce an unequal width if not skilfully done. When the strip tends to reduce its size, apply
slight pressure on the unsplitted stock near the splitter on the side oppsite the size to be
enlarged thus causing the fibers to sway to the side opposite the pressure. A stripper to this
effect is devised to save time and conserve materiais from waste. Splitting is done on large thick
materials like bamboo or rattan. Stripping is done on light thick materials like leaves of buri and
pandan. A stripper gauge is devised to produce uniform strips as to thickness and width.
Weaving, is the interlocking of stakes and weavers to hold each other uniting the strength to
form the base or sidings of woven piece or container. Appropriate weave is used on articles as
to its use, basic need, intricacy, and kind of material used and the ability of the worker to
perform. Quality articles use intricate weaves and varied designs for elegance and novelty. The
ladies bags and flower baskets, woven trays, caster salakots, mats and other articles were
means of expression of these design.
Dyeing is the process of coloring the materials to the desired color with the use of dye. The dye
may be of vegetable or chemical in origin.
Bleaching is the process of subjecting a material to certain elements or substance causing the
material to appear lighter in color or to remove the coloring matter. Exposure under the severe
heat of the sun is made on the split young unopened leaves of buri to make it whiter. Boiling
with some leaves or juices with citric acid or plain water with some dissolved substances colors
or darkens the material. Drying instantly may make the material whiter.

Now, you already have explored the second topic of the Module on BASKETRY.

This Time, You Try Yourself!

(APPLICATION)

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 Maj-HE 310 Craft Design (Handicraft)

Direction: List the possible basketry home industries in the community that can be
made attractive and export-oriented.

References

Amidala, P. (2017). ARTS: Kinds of Handicrafts. Retrieved on year 2021, from

[Link]

Bernardino, Josephine C. (2002). Technology and Livelihood Education I, Phoenix Publishing

House, Inc.

Rafael, Edita T. (2005). Technology and Livelihood Education III, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Urbiztondo, Laarni a. (2016). ReandicraftMackame and Baskerty. Rex Bookstore.

1.

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