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CN Handwritten Notes - Sanjay

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330 views34 pages

CN Handwritten Notes - Sanjay

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ete ; ¥ er ateoduttion to Computer aetwore + Computer—aletusoer = Cotleerion gy autonomous computes interconnected “bye technology is Kngvon as Computer nletioores = The merging qq computert ond communication ha hod 0 Profound inglwence on tre way Compurer | gyster ore orgpaized Large umber of Sepamre but tnterconmecred computecs de te job = Teo Computers are zaid 40 be anterconoected op they are able to exchange ingormation. The connecon need oot vio a Cope coi": ingrorred . Areeropr microwaves and Commusication satelite con. ato be sed: —— = Atthough i may sound strage but oterner and coord toide Web ave nor a computer encore. — The internet is not a single nenoork_ tout «eno oh inter netic Gnd. webb distibuted system that Fane. on. top of _the internet Z _ = Aisteibuted sytem: _A collection. op todepende nt _ computers appears to its users —as_a_single.cohowat, sgt tem gg suns Mecrts ae “com rec _alet ack i pee #5 new woe P Resource snasing ~ High _reldaliity 1). Saving men ey! —Small_computer_have_a_much bee : pi performance vatican "Ble sores f t= Server! Mo: TA Scatabinyy neo elem con be_added a need v. powerp tommunicavon. medium “b. Alehwore_ foc pronle— i i Accent 40. remote ‘Ofommorioo (Ba Person _t¢_Peeson_ Communivarion ( pe i. lateragtive entectainmenr (£3: Yourube ee Sociat lewwooring (63° Fore boot, tore _banting cyitem (4+ _Ternenor. 721 Soure! Geoeores chto to be transmitted . | Waremiters. converr. dora into. tranimitable signals Trontmission system! caries dato.» Recerver s — ceaverte Teeived signal inte bia Bettioavion: Taces inworving data {| Aivection op data flow murtiplering ’) stenpler: only one way communication at ang insta: TY, Todo Govier communication — . Better connectivity 4 _ Gerer_shacing a) taoutes cing, people fegetnet fi) Roig Qupler: either one op the direction date flow at o time Gy: Foltz nado, unti-ulti rinereased. Cott + Full duplet: both Lo2y communica Hon. at a Hime TE secnctty Telephone Commudicgtion Unatallability ey Ingormationin cose. " (7 Teavsiigion Technology) | falta, — Types of Communication “sevice callin hardaoce! ale gata ees Dp Rata Trantmiscion = Parailel os ynokeonbus — Auge | be Serial _tearumiesien weollzatl orrernre pall larty Cee satin P plete circuit between source_and ee eNoulihel befple tne data oot e Redicated Communication Loereoeeo +00, = Communication Wat: Telephooe line, Gareirte link, -mierowoove ete = steps te eutabith the Connection: tr Connection setup 2 Bota laterchange [connection termination — ———— Te Tneticieat =a cee ned ddicatel for the Wren 4. [=p ne date, Gpecity teat 18 Setup conettion taker Fim. |S Once Comened, toni it transpot A Reveloped for voice roy ¢___ S.Ct switching eaually ane ped 1 tnd _dipical ero supyeoet vast ble. et switehins Asia Hacsmitted in sma poceets jr-fach pocees Containg wie dao plut Conol tole atrol tatpemation Contain Rousing Inpormasion Rowe gram Packer suoitcning +rMo need #6 eiablith $e Connection veroeen ene /seasce and. deninotion +7 Route eheoien on packet by poexer barr = Packet. rray. be. stored until delievered («tore & Korwcod] -Diygerert poceets may fatiow diygerens roures Pactets may. arrive “Out oy erce™ Or she destination 1) Virtual —cireutt suateching - a = Route ischooten at ne Stan og Seaton and iti ~--0aly a legical_coonectien A oct -oucrovel 0 Faure oe labeled vorth_a_Vvett* glestgiaa ted_te_rout = Te Vt number nue be unigue on. given Lin: —=facteare Lerecorded more guittiy te seutg dai ——fromple ate CAyocheonnw anipe ae at aleivooey _Narduasee—. 4 There are 4400. types 9h traoeminsion 4 thor are to widespread ute They area Geoedout (ots 2 point te point Koka 0+ Broadeost Liat “shored by au the machines oa te alo: Called._patkets in certain Contes, Seat Jose seetived bj ai. the othe AN Odea. ead ‘ike poctet epee tne lateaded_secfpent “-recetving 0 packet , rrachine chects re odd i toe paures is loveoded. fpr ane reeciviy_mac piace precetiea tne pocket." Ip the_poctes inteoded_for Sore chee rrachine rt fut (9 we sire 9 mig onas ap SE Personal Area. Aletwort , netwond dnat are meant. tr one perl0n €9:)cotreleu nies tonnecas @ compurer wort itt mma, ed ~The connection ey tuse or more Mencores is called dn tateinew20%n, 52 ceorld “code. ingerner KntecDroreucn | aceon [oared |disrence | Aen [eq ever Pertonal. Area ilu tom oom = 2 | 100 Building Local Area Alenvork 'ov0m= sie | compas tom aay Mexoroirtan Area Aenoor. tookem..| countes. 7 wade A7¢0._Aenoore focotm_| eparinens fF ame" 10 Jane intern, 4+, Phyviol_topaiggiea <= Physical logout op tne ale tioore “= LiLo geometnit representation of. the. o4oi\ he Mota ank_tlating devi ~ Linking chviteom cated lode Fo’ basis. pars'ble_tepe lagi®h are [alee a ._ sino! Aree Hetwore CCAM) 4 i Esa pelt Keo rlerwore (MAN) = toide Acta Aetwerte (104M) —_ = Comps Arca Newer’ CCANI™ = Gauntey hreo nese 04)" * person) brea neructe. (PAN) ~" Global Area. Newer CGA NY Lax 4 Ee coancennt besa lala. , @ relatively smatt gequiel disgerce fovea sare bul ding Sere. van r = Faster, cheage’ =under a contro. ob ‘single otoneranp 3 =TaPiCG\ speed Jom © '0G4ps_—— arene : (emer Tate — a Arana ss) Sources (sles Revtination: 256-255-289: 255 = Modes oy Communication loon 4 neticere, the host ca _tom —— Lene 5 sree ygerent _zoay te Lisisast = The proceso sending a cone hat se on ind ual hoc * Breuats the pen of Sending 0 patter ene host 40 all bests ign tne nesoort + % Muiass> tne pare ot ene Het te. setened goon! a ee act? Hesware within 0001 22 Tere is 20. cenval administotion we (alee E “= internet + letters ber” olf other aes r ; eile 1 ~The lojtrnes * Grlobel_networe woithin.G The toay in cohth_a nenoore is laid ove phyal The actsa! (oyu ofp rhe eater. media. 1100 or mi devices connect 10.0 line: tien or mare lines fern AL Sotmaes + ~ ri TA private Tep/zP. aternesvoert_coithin a that ces_Intevne? rechndagiey such os 5 vatopolagy * ai Toad use boutsers. for sharing infpematie, -Bus_ topoingy Extended stox_topslayy. “ealokoroting Intranets can be voted. to-pi =-Qing *9P01Qg) = Meuh__topolegy feet en ferry atoll io star topology = extended star 10pelay. a lagen! a Bie a doyoet- beso tte hort. aves the mada. oven -dara.. Shows the _ffow 9 obra on 0 metcort 8. Eetmaer— Sais edi | te refers 0 application aod _servites _- inreanet uated and oie extended. secure eternal _pter_or_enterprisel. This_acceau. ©. peat ot -+—__eamplthed though paeweord . Sher ae -,An.elecironic aoteo_is_ paced sequen tally te_eath as isthe_extension oy hoo of mete hess eotien ho sot#0 9 sew’e jorewerlon beomn por and their seayective. intonets eNenwoce a detworey No 0%€ cone te Internet + Berghe care mates a, Connection oeons SHEE the Intermed dt | Networe, Medel / Architecture eee er Mosel Bian. gevver Medel vec sp teee adel Fe te uit my Aedicared gervers pe, thonre compurees o€+ Ol 6aua Pe er a9. gr peers. Ae peers, eoeh computor con fake Set cleat function or re server Guretioas Erampies Compuice “® mma Tequest Fora from usmpurer 6, eohich Wen send pile amputee Norte lite sme cient God compu: Ara later Hime, ‘atu Vite Me sever dnd 6 Can Tevene Ie TOE \n fae Alo, tndwidual veces canviol net = user may decide 10 shore Certain fled = er moy ato vequire pauuwords TE Aho wong woe Laith Ten wr Feuer =P deror Salk wel, aneie eppicienry rapidly 7 tre Computer increas liemt-servec roodel or nenoere Gan be aed 4 inatatons 4 P2P enone B-cliens - Server Made! wie A liensl server deueritea sme elasionship be Pram, te i const oh ae cream poten ea provides’ a convenient to iste bu tec eh “! Exomple: 10 choc your boot ettcum from your ompuite, 0 Chien? = program in your Comparer (prs “yar requen 10 0 Levete pregrom or the bent! fone so Gee clisge=gerver iv r = lees erpensive ro implement] ~ Provides a bemer secunty = doeanos require encore |= Easier to administer berou adenivizvanve. acgnoore | Adminanarea iy cooteliced = Aeeinot quire a |= All dora can be bocted yp dedicated setusore-cgwirny 07 sane picndvonrnge| = Foes nor scale cen te. | Requites expensive, Speciolies large no Gnd admingrevin | nencore odmincranin and is unmanageable operational sefstoore. + ess. Secure = Requices Peeking Admini eh = Maso eing ke poinr og Fail il_mackine. ghoving. tne oleate gorively import | earth oUt deter iS unowila the Peformance Ws me sewer is coon. = Boch wer rout be = Requiter move expenv'a, possersuy fen 60° 1cervec_machire | sreined 0 pero admin’ cj Reference Node! a + ‘Alesoner septonse u Nenopretngt wore ts 0 Set 95 primitive hale. define he protcol ever we machines Te e ey raviasalenrdeten(t emai at : ree omaciny i Pubic rah Wasp ~ “kBP O59 and omperh tive mater fw menpren ne Tape nehcee 1 _coonect Sele «Gone amano Menentons po ne raat st with one anciher ond Chow informasrons coregories 3 Be gooro « ein Seiptetoniets hore 00 Len opyerel by Standemts through wale spread Use ore De-teete leheore sappecace ie xed 10 efgtitntly ha Sopoeranion ameng tompuler\t enclose i Jopetmasion te be “cent ina. “packoje’ that er fo 'headec’ and_o*railet'> The heodet_and_ttn crondonds coatoln in}prmation por Hae recelvieg Comput | De-jure srondacds hove been | fen al ap tees coma dal eneeeeennE CEES infpemation package 1s doded d standard etgenizavion, t BTS ize tareiovones, ousnicorion ef stondordization © [Brome s a 11: Inteenanionsl Telecommunicacion Onion tl TEA. prototel_ is cet oy tule thargoverns. AE: Ameritan. etnnal stendoras ass t® 4 ‘2ats__ onl communi asics | IEEE: Inusitue elects ond electronics x= For corsmuaieation 10 oe1ue, tne eatities EIA: Electronic Induciries Aezoeiarion * ono protece! =Te_cey Clements a prototals Oe Erica “rleoort _exptwoote + Proveca! Mice y Soren stectow. [formar op data. erat og layer > Protocol stare | pretecal Gui 2. Sementitt Meanlogs a toen dota ch lager provider = Deals with phyiro! choracreriitiy q laterares and Iso. Co a tedvar Lelectrieot ood mectionita, ad sining) deal! with connecting Open Syutenat = questions Hite had mony vutt oted re ceprener o£ Soe has feven. lager = Wneines trontmibsen proceed ia wes ditties = lew Yatiol Connection aatabiithed ae Aa eae) a ee ee Ss erica ene ae ~ Breadcan nerworrs : hed %0 Conve! aereu 1D : Pecans : shoo pateet are raured from couce te criarey = Route. Ceo be seb bored en sit toble (determined — 8h Storr af Cath Convector sen 2 .they con be Aykly dynamic = ally of sewite bo reno layer dive Hana f Pr ming. patteh, they col ger non cn2ster.— tony, forrniny botle nice « 2ora int layer hetrovTe~ pa Phycol loy_heteroune pre Ryo pen wody gevend 2 may =e adtesng aed wy geen! 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Ota elerbnre mail + PAE ( Dormiin sone terrae) + reieivey an 1B oddest Sno 4 : fextwal addeu for haw Connmed ove a netiooren ier ub oben ly somes i, =the ov ol Wow em application 09 one. rote jo anpiner applitas"en.2ur Wosita og 1cp1IP_ medal <1 operated. \ndependently = Scalasie, 2 - = cleat sever architeetore. ‘uppers ©. ne: og rousloy Protorel C-snPs F78) | can be vied 10 ect0bi0k 0. connection bts" 210 Comper Toute eee Yo tennech owe it \ y F sutanss tees i a Geleten of PEEL citing. who eabid Ie th Cengertontess Intemnenoor® layer". = Wane layer with held He _eonele. orth he hast, sonar packet 0 ep ens = 40°06 and 010405 ‘Pellets of Teo? ae z saoypers loyee_doeinar gaurontee de\ieveey. og atcoty The model cones te ied la 097 emer applicant — = Qeplocing protetel it nes eaiy ; ‘apt cleaely- Separated sk terwice,. Vatertoces_ and. proce fopetne aa Seana = Order occa 2s dy than soy they oo IP (internet proteeel) 1s oxed tn Ahi fe S-Lesamssnss Loge, decides of data. tronuminien "» _parailel ve ~_enuttiplesing , segmenting en dato. done. Te ayplcarion On feed or eaeite to = ve beets tte menage (dare = Arrange tre packer jo be em. in _segi quowmiees the delievary| 9 ‘mtn i etitccmnges | Smee Elge ——5-Fatlousveaical-aproach | x-files hes en Sol appecths Han ia srkeenace made! | 4. Inypleenentation ag arr poeabich otter buts. | — $a loge provid ‘coca on ony pel ef leona Horduare. {pe Tue and Secoeotes —— ere SEE =it hor cingle-alp, single ip pores henee 2 por cleo. ise routtort bridje coitn a bupger onde oluya ‘her con beott it. gjventy Clays mea ple tap) ita dere bine layer chewte- ae > pegerm error checking before diy dara, nat = roster i very apgeieat o¢ it dolinor (prcerd pecters aa ot bore evror Oepeoter - diver Galitinn chao og hose but broader \ 1 meefeaer forwoneds cath Frame Spat nore Tt hat no_filtering —copobilty = gepeeter ing wegenerater NOt an. Any operates as 0. phiical layer > egensrarare me. Signe! Reo soa = tefy Me coyoeh Lit by bi = tr is 072 pot deri Hub ws ss = routtipore repeater deen mile cies tering canner iter caw. dmpietes ire teot cong te totems. hstton en Arough ub tems > -denot_have ineligence te_fjnd a dave puctets_ wach Lead 16 imei HD Belge i = operates a date Hot layer = la porte oth odd functional tenn hy edge oe abeu' = Ged 1 Leone theo tans. eating o © Bawsee: ‘ = dene 6 lite Switch thot tourer data _paceets bared On thee 1 adden = mainly a alin layer device connec LAM ond. tome beet, ave chynomg -wpdoting routing. Hobie tave on wohts.mate eiroar 6a MCUN the doxe_aceeett = Router: divide brosdeam cbmoine hath loaned through 11> @ Geosescay 2 a aia 42 connect too nenoore Hoyeiner —_ that may aore_opon aligtins ntoinge a stele a enorct as ameseryee ageat, tree care, kmainlere it, -troaifer 1 Cooxaer = ote alled_protacel Comtefecd = Can epee bn any 01 ayer = mom Cemplte | “ Servounded by Plt. snttllatioa, ¢ Sheoth earieh rotsred_poicoble— —Teghtuseigha ‘ Coram, One aF ‘obit ued 00 1 fp, bail 06 te ~rratt | cugporsive, avoiTobitiny | encased tn.0n outer. dondlctor gp. mete fpr bani 0° [OT Baiy tnnated supports osori ‘oth: x ~peejuongy 2998 oe daenuatiog Boor delay 5S [= pepeater -Rgur 0nd BE Plant. —_yocxed cutee . (sre: n 7 (owe ‘onda “Sime! fel eve, extn encate.coch thield ts tonduc ot 7 “ Barebood — ss Pn = elec tromapoette. noite. peaetratiba 1}-peey | This 4 _S0_then(-2)_copaios Coble wohich.aied for mest cong digi tranumtuien. U4 it mastly ied. fpr Lads Aatebond — a Some, arkruahien ay unphedled torte ere apie aE on be twed jor -digitl_0r onoleg —tranteott sa —singlé.__Signal_at-a.time coith veg -hifh “eed The maior drat har needs min fier ence = This Ciel_analeg Araotmistion_on sandocl toh k_tv_ cobling » It tmanimits_seveea_simuttestout_cigoct ouing en = emman ‘y}e5 «cow Toe Conduct, & tion oor plete /aiulator caer > Meaticanion cay — one og toe 8 ao an —_—_ | © Fiber optic. Coble wage io toatl, otek eect _Signa Lier dota, fa ue Tipe she conte, it tne, Qadt core —th 04 Vig prepagetes Se aR leon we re surouded by lets. foceeinder op Tefretton.as. Compare jb in core — reep_ait #0) = bonkers : 62° morethan 2 ge = Growing technoleqite, jound ti | any cody al 1 peomitng tare ati ean! Teehoak Tata aoe ieee Fined ssl sens Ted ea aera — E66 Bont vat [Aelid alt wepened ce wie Inte 1s 0nd hos Aetwore: ets find_toth_cinec_gnd onan nto cated jt Es i 46 Steodord avenge’ high gusty tanuriaion oF = oor aggeeted. by electromagnet. lone foie god dutertion ix_veey_leas = oed tebe analog _ood digital crgnal eve aremsation “piskdmatage : expensive, dpc te. dent ao. compel muting | Biemmapoetic Speco = ool Biocon Tee Sh Rea Geta © Feemtaston mttiod ‘eran Greund_popeyette 9S a a” — ——— { g yreup @_Gomputen and. on — - Oss conn ote eee # Sy Ly ies tO a fo = forttioned. sme miion inte Seaver reins ced ewe \ ee sree ecithin Me Gre. Cove = EON cen get atleast ne dave stosien (GE) erreur i motile wiers oars ony” ARG ceithia a cell IU te me tower. « iy mle AP = we ton oe he te Tegen = eevular syracigre leat jae eee eee we eee eres ie Frequency rewre gocter ~availasle Channel = N. odjacent ceils Celuired , system hav metuar NN ctils cee Shot $ choonelyy = bach (8M set ke choonel eerie dite co funeey| 19-78 980, evi daeeeee ns | eesaen a mee : meet 3 | were |r lage tovenge ann See = i see ar twee fied SAIN Sole |F ee ton 8a cry fe SSR gener ae | teats — Ro Sarat atten daond| os seo bandidn Ja = ra ¢ ae = 2 4 Ne piobile suortenrey Cearee 2 ee ae tome tae | Soe L none Pir: public. suoiched telephone netweete gel Sonnttie conegaeteh TT \ —_— ee seney) eed thne erenyeanien sonia 8 Stee thoy reeves tC Sorions, ampliits me signa) Bock ort-c.02" ‘sonon—— ‘Apilcaniem — vy ond radio. conether foretau — a gra re gegoals_ 40-22 Sigowe. and bon ‘de area fo MOY + Bankside Prepest3 _st_madtum = diygerence ber” higher ond lee (yequencien tno dns imediun Con sesigeererily paul: Bit _aod Genduoidth ave properoel_f cash ether Br re = 3 ba prse, |= 4 roteee! 1s te inverse of 81 sore “= anatey. bondioidt in Hes chyrtel bits pc setond ote : = Baud. rate 2.0 chta_tonmmuniatin Qader side - ay asso We io, tee Be SMeetans: ype mi ihe, tee el diag na chectsum chase fe bit 1 10 be oor ing Lyo1010d OvIt/o%/ 7) tre Hock of Suppose fo checesum yp 8 WES Seoder cide. see gue ro: ore onde | 19101001 = merry = TTrpe etd <= S00 = Ttamlemen's by 2 ep Sem = -0-0011101 | sme atten Sent is 101101 Oot {001 The “Teeivtd dais alenyesitn checks * Eroe— tonecton Reteacgeni Step ond wool eeetion + G0 boce N 4eg = Selective repeat Keg ARQ Automonie. repeor vepuut Eror correevon by Forubind error conta! + Hamming ede = Given. Q.19. Hamming - &esy fo implement = 91 BY hamming code 1s. otal commonly “Le1eroot : ort 1o0t £11 Wout ee ae. 4-1 Stop ond _ nit Comole 5 ee have a pocket, Just send A 25D eae a to) esendlgg it tee ae as et ea t she post n Receiver ches port 4 > point 0 point link. bet” ethernet end host ae nage 4- 21940 cene_from O38 Camp. 10 énotner, it suey Aer nag: See ores “fete sear via.omer- Comput ital see not 5p — Ped cast nlenoert (ohored_saite or roediiom) td: feghiored Lrecaee > 802-1 waite LA a “> Broadcast sito hate 2.stepleCononmunitation, Caaat! anit shaced by QU 10 C7achi9es.0n. the _nehbass Matiple Access potossl a Bondem Nees Ser teeta) Cth ao af ° ———— - > ie saved Doedeat-crnoel — = Ceorstted reves Sj - oo mma. 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