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LOGIC

This document contains definitions and examples of logical concepts including: 1) Categorical propositions relate classes of objects and assert whether members of one class are included in another. 2) Logical fallacies include ad hominem, equivocation, and red herrings. 3) Logical connectives like if-then and if-only-if are used to form compound propositions from simpler statements.

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Arthur Aguilar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
117 views6 pages

LOGIC

This document contains definitions and examples of logical concepts including: 1) Categorical propositions relate classes of objects and assert whether members of one class are included in another. 2) Logical fallacies include ad hominem, equivocation, and red herrings. 3) Logical connectives like if-then and if-only-if are used to form compound propositions from simpler statements.

Uploaded by

Arthur Aguilar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

n is an odd integer.

n is an even integer

      Which of the statement cannot possibly true?

p∧q

Determine whether the statement below is A, E, I, or O proposition;

Some mammals are ocean – dwellers ---- O

A proposition that cannot be divided into other component propositions. Simple Proposition

It links the terms of the categorical proposition and expresses the agreement and disagreement.
Copula

Which law of equivalence states this, p⊥T p? Identity

Let  P: It will rain.

        Q: I will sleep.

The correct logic for the statement: ''If it rains, I will sleep.'' will be: P → Q

Determine whether the statement below is A, E, I, or O proposition;


No natural numbers are irrational. E

If the truth values for a proposition formed by connectives are all false, then it is called a
_______. FALLACY

This type of proposition, the whole subject class is excluded in the predicate class. No S are P

It is a proposition that claims a given proposition (antecedent) entails another proposition


(consequent). Bi-conditional

Which of the choices is the contrapositive of the following proposition?

If you study your lessons, then you will pass the examination.

If you did not pass the examination, then you did not study your lessons.

Consider the two propositions.

            P: The sun rises in the east.

            Q: I will go for a walk if and only if the sun rises in the east.

 P ^Q will be _____.

Cannot be determined

It is a fallacy when an attack against an opponent's character instead of against an argument. Ad


hominem

P: China is in Africa

Q: Rwanda is in Asia
           Express the compound statement in words: P^~Q

China is in Africa and Rwanda is not in Asia.

Distributive

Which of the following is the contrapositive of the statement "If it rains, then I will stay
indoors"?

If I stay indoors, then it will not rain

What logical fallacy is described as "an attack against an opponent's character instead of against
an argument"? ad hominem

What logical fallacy is described as "using the same word with two different meanings"?

Equivocation

A proposition that relates two classes of objects and asserts or denies that all or some of the
members of one category are included in another. categorical statement

Which of the following is the negation of the statement "All dogs are mammals"? All dogs are
not mammals

It is a proposition which is composed of sub-statements and various logical connectives.

compound proposition

Roses are red and violets are blue.


The given proposition is a __________. compound proposition

De Morgan's law

What logical fallacy is described as "an attack against an opponent's character instead of against
an argument"? [j]

ad hominem

What logical fallacy is described as "using the same word with two different meanings"? [h]

Equivocation

A proposition that relates two classes of objects and asserts or denies that all or some of the
members of one category are included in another.

[b] categorical statement

Identify the fallacy committed in the following statements:

We lost the game because Wilson missed the last shot?

[a] Complex Cause

What logical fallacy is described as "when a rebuttal ignores the question asked"? [e] red herring
Identify the fallacy committed in the following statements:

In Latin America, only two countries offer travel and tourism options: Mexico and Guatemala.

[g] false dilemma

Modus Tollens

What type of fallacy is described as When someone who is not an expert gives testimony? [d]
False Authority

Identify the fallacy committed in the following statements:

Dogs are good pets. Coyotes are dogs. Therefore, coyotes are good pets.

[f] hasty generalizations


 

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