EEM336 MT1
Warnings
Example Questions
1
Exam Content
• As you can understand, the main focus of the
exam is assembly programming.
• The exam is composed of three sections
– (%20-%35) Short questions (5 points each)
– (%20-%35) Hand execution of programs. What are
the register values, ALU status codes after the
execution of the given program?
– (%15-%20) How many clock cycles does the given
program take?
– (%30-%40) Write a program. (mostly about lists.
shifting, counting, swapping, etc)
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Short Questions
• Q1: How is the performance of RISC processors are
improved?
– Answer: Intructions are reduced to execute each instruction
in 1 clock cycle.
• Q2: What is the size of SR register? ___ bytes
• Q3: Which bit in SR register that allows the MSP430
operate in low power modes?
• Q4: Is preincrement addressing mode available in
MSP430 microprocessor family?
• Q5: Which of the following instructions change the C
flag in SR ? ADD, BIC, XOR, JMP, BIS, AND
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions
• Q1: How many addressing modes are available in MSP430?
• Q2: How many clock cycles do the following instructions take?
MOV.W R12, R13 ___clock cycles
MOV.B @R12, 0(R13) ___ clock cycles
ADD.W R12, 8(R14) ___ clock cycles
ADD.W &ADDR, 0(R10) ___ clock cycles.
• Q3: Which addressing modes can be used in source addressing?
• Q4: Which symbol is used in absolute addressing mode?
• Q5: Which common symbol used in indirect autoincrement and indirect
mode?
• Q6: Which addressing modes are used in «mov.w @PC+,R6» instruction?
• Q7: What are R12, R13, R14 and R15 registers used for according to calling
conventions?
• Q8: When any subroutine is called, what is the first value at the top of the
stack inside the subroutine?
• Q9: What is the last instruction to be executed in a subroutine?
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Finding Machine Codes
• Find the machine codes for the following
instructions:
mov.w r11,2(r12)
xor.b @r9,8(r11)
bis.w @r9+,r12
and #0x1234,r14
mov r11,r12
rrc.w r12
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Short Questions
• Q1: mov.w @R5, 8(R4) exhibits
which MSP430 addressing modes?
– The MSP430 “mov” instruction supports a total of
how many destination addressing modes (only
consider the 4 fundamental addressing modes)
• Q2: If R5 contained the number 0x1234,
“mov @R5,R6” means what?
• Q3: How can you calculate the 2s complement
operation using XOR and ADD operations?
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Correction (Short Questions)
• Find the problems in these instructions,
understand what the intention is for writing
them in that form and try to correct them
mov r9,@r8
add.w #0x123456,r11
xor.w @r11+,@r12+
sub.w 0(r9),-1(r11)
push.w r9,@SP
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Reverse assembly the following
0x47C9 0x0008
0x5429
0x8E3A
0xE05F 0x1234
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Programs
• What is the final value of R10 in the following program?
.data ; data segment
var1 .word 0x5678 ; variable to be processes
.text ; Assemble into program memory.
RESET mov.w #__STACK_END,SP ; Initialize stackpointer
StopWDT mov.w #WDTPW|WDTHOLD,&WDTCTL ; Stop watchdog timer
begin mov.w &var1,r12 ; get the content of var to r12
mov.w #10,r11 ; loop counter
mov.w #0,r10 ; counter for number of 1s
loop1 bic #1,SR ; clear carry bit in SR
rrc.w r12 ; move 1 bit to the right Carry bit
jnc skip ; if the bit in C is zero, skip
inc r10 ; increment counter (we have 1 in C)
skip sub #1,r11 ; decrement loop counter
jnz loop1 ; if the loop counter is not zero, go
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Programs
• What is the final value of R10 in the following program?
.data ; data segment
var1 .word 0xa228 ; variable to be processed
.text ; Assemble into program memory.
RESET mov.w #__STACK_END,SP ; Initialize stackpointer
StopWDT mov.w #WDTPW|WDTHOLD,&WDTCTL ; Stop watchdog timer
begin mov.w &var1,r12 ; get the content of var to r12
mov.w #8,r11 ; loop counter
mov.w #0,r10 ; counter
loop1 rrc.w r12
jnc skip
rrc.w r12
jc skip
inc r10 ; increment counter (we have 1 in C)
skip sub #1,r11 ; decrement loop counter
jnz loop1 ; if the loop counter is not zero, go
10
Programs
• Q1: Write a MSP430 assembly program that calculates the sum
of 8 x 16 bit numbers (i.e. words) in an array called buffer .
Create buffer in memory space and initialize with numbers
“9712,2454,1275,3312,4243,2395,4387,12236”.
• Q2: Write a MSP430 assembly program that calculates the
average of 8 x 16 bit numbers (i.e. words) in an array called
buffer . Define buffer in memory space and initialize with
numbers “9712, 2454, 1275, 3312, 4243, 2395, 4387, 12236”.
(Hint: shift 3 times to the right, divides the number by 8)
• Q3: Write a MSP430 assembly program that finds the number of
elements that are greater than 10000 in an array, called buffer.
Create buffer in memory space and initialize with numbers
“9712,2454,1275,3312,4243,2395,4387,12236,9454,32221”. The
result will go in R9. (Hint use CMP instruction)
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Short Questions
• Q1: Write a program to set bit 5 and clear the
3rd bit of R14
• Q2: How many read cycles needed to execute
– sub.w &0x0200, R7
– Machine code: 0x8217 0x0200
• Q3: How can you clear carry using bic
instruction?
• Q4: What are assembly directives are used for?
• Q5: The instruction “mov #45, &0x5678”
requires how many 16-bit operands?
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Short Questions
• Q6: Explain the concept of «sections» in
assembly language. What are «.text»,
«.data» and «.bss» sections used for?
• Q7: What is the purpose of linking?
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Question
• Fill out the contents of the MSP430 registers for the given code segment.
Your answers should reflect the content after each instruction has executed.
If the contents are unknown, write a question mark (?) in the blank. All
numbers should be given in hex! (note: org 0x200 directive means that the
assembly starts after memory address 0x0200)
org 0x0200
var1 .word 0x0 ; 2 bytes are reserved
var2 .word 0x0 ; 2 bytes are reserved
.text
main mov.w #0x1234, R4 PC = _______
mov.w R4, var1 M(var1) = _______
mov.w #var2, R6 R6 = _______
mov.w #0x1230, R6 R6 = _____
mov.w #0x1235, R7 R7 = _______
add.w R6, R7 R7 = _______
sub.w R6, R7 R7 = _______
bis.w #00001111b,R4 R4 = _______
xor.w R7, R7 R7 = _______
and.w R4, R4 R4 = _______
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Subroutines
• Write the following subroutines
– Q1: You are supposed to write a subroutine that takes a list
(16 bits) address in register R12 and length of the list in R11,
and returns the number of even values in R10.
– Q2: You are supposed to write a subroutine that takes two list
addresses in registers R11/R12 and length of the lists in R13,
and returns 1 in R14 if two lists are identical.
– Q3: You are supposed to write a subroutine that takes a list
(16 bit) address in register R12 and length of the list in R11,
and returns the sum of all list items in R10.
– Q4: You are supposed to write a subroutine that takes a list
(16 bits) address in register R12 and length of the list in R11,
and shifts all elements two bits to the right (i.e. Division by 4).
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Subroutine Examples
• How many cycles does it take to execute the
add2 subroutine?
main push #numk ; push the address of k
push #numr ; push the address of r
push #numres ; push the address of res
call #add2 ; Jump to Subroutine
add #6,SP ; restore stack (6 bytes)
jmp $
nop
add2 push r12
push r13
push r14
mov sp,r13 ; r13 is the frame pointer
mov 6(r13),r12 ; 6(r13) ptr (i.e. R12)
mov @r12,r14 ; *ptr r14
mov
add
mov
8(r13),r12 ; 8(r13) ptr (i.e. R12)
@r12,r14 ; r14 + *ptr r14
10(r13),r12 ; 10(r13) res (i.e. R12)
?
mov r14,0(r12) ; r14 *res
pop r14
pop r13
pop r12
ret
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
Subroutine Examples
• How many cycles does it take to execute the
add3 subroutine?
main push #num1 ; push the address of num1
push #num2 ; Push the address of num2
call #add3 ; Jump to Subroutine
; R15 has the result
add #4,SP ; restore stack (4 bytes)
jmp $
nop
add3 push r12
push r13
mov sp,r13
mov 6(r13),r12 ; 6(r13) ptr (i.e. R12)
mov @r12,r15 ; *ptr r15
mov
add
8(r13),r12
@r12,r15
;
;
8(r13) ptr (i.e. R12)
r15 + *ptr r15
?
pop r13
pop r12
ret
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EEM336 MT1 QUESTIONS
