The Source of the Magnetic Field: Moving Charges
The constant o =
4 10-7 T. m / A,
is called the
permeability of
free space
the unit vector
Biot-Savart Law r directed from
ds toward P
Page 1
Total Magnetic Field
dB is the field created by the current in
the length segment ds
sum up the contributions from all the
current elements I ds to obtain the total
field
ds represents the length of a small
segment of space in which the
charges flow
The integral is over the entire current
distribution
The law is also valid for a current consisting of charges
flowing through space
Page 2
A long, straight wire carries current I in the positive
x-direction. Find the magnetic field at a point that is distance a
from the wire.
Page 3
Right-Hand Rule for Fields
Vector
Representation
Page 4
What is the direction of the magnetic field at the
position P?
What is the current direction in the wire?
What is the direction of the magnetic field at the position Q?
·Q
What is the current direction in the wire?
Page 5
Two long parallel wires (I1= 3.00 A,
I2 = 3.00 A) are carrying currents into the page.
What are the magnitude and direction of the
net magnetic field at point P?
__________________________________
Two long wires carry opposite current.
What is the direction of the net magnetic Q
field at points P?
a. in b. out c. zero B, no direction
R
Point Q?
Page 6
Calculate the magnetic field at point O for the
current-carrying wire segment shown. The wire consists of two
straight portions and a circular arc of radius a, subtending an
angle . The arrowheads on the wire indicate the direction of
the current.
The magnet field at point P is ____.
Page 7
The loop has a radius of a and carries a steady
current of I. Find the magnetic field of the current
loop at distance x on the axis of the loop.
Consider the field at the center of =
the current loop, x = _. Then
This is exactly the same result if we set = ___
due to the wire segment in the previous example
Page 8
A Current Loop vs A Magnetic Dipole
A flat permanent magnet
and a current loop generate
the same magnetic field.
Page 9
A Current Loop is a Magnetic Dipole
μo 2
B=
4π z3
The magnetic
dipole moment
= AI from the
south pole to the
north pole
Page 10
Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Wires
Two parallel wires each
carry a steady current
The field B2 due to the current in wire 2
exerts a force on wire 1 of F1 = _____
“Like”
currents
attract
“Unlike”
currents
repel
Page 11
Two long, parallel wires are attracted to each other by
a force per unit length of 320 N/m when they are separated by a
vertical distance of 0.500 m. The current in the upper wire is
20.0 A to the right. Determine the location of the line in the plane
of the two wires along which the total magnetic field is zero.
Page 12
What is the current direction in the loop?
A loose spiral spring is hung from the ceiling, and
a large current is sent through it. The coils move
Page 13
Two stiff, 50-cm-long, parallel wires are connected
at the ends by metal springs. Each spring has an unstretched
length of 5.0 cm and a spring constant of 0.025 N/m. The wires
push each other apart when a current travels around the loop.
How much current is required to stretch the springs to lengths of
6.0 cm?
Page 14
The right edge of the circuit extends into a B = 58 mT
uniform magnetic field. What is the magnitude and
direction of the net force on the circuit?
15 cm 5 cm
Page 15
