G EAR UP

Objective
NCERT GEAR UP
CHEMISTRY

Altis Vortex
Delhi
 EDITION : 2019

ISBN : 978-93-87902-25-1

BOOK CODE : 1133

Price : Rs. 650/-

Published By:

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manner whatsoever without the Written permission from author or publisher.

Disclaimer : Every effort has been taken in compiling/editing of the concerned data/informa-
tion given in this book in various section, Also the questions in books contain are memory based
so it is possible to remain some mistake due to human error if so kindly compare the data with
the government publication, journals and notification.
 PREFACE

It gives me immense pleasure in introducing this book. This book is enriched with the introduction of a lot of
new challenging and innovative questions in each of the chapter.
This book contains the collection of the best possible NCERT Based problems for NEET and IIT-JEE (mains
and advanced).
The users will find this book to stand upto their expectations.
I would like to thank my family members i.e., my parents, son (Yuvraj), daughter (Neyhal) and my wife for
always being supportive. Also, a big thanks to the publishers for believing in me. I also pay my sincere gratitude
to Mr. Ranjan pathak, Mr. Naresh kaushik (Chemistry faculties), Sh. Nitin Kumar Sharma, Sh. Nishant Pathak
and Ms. Sheenam (MSc. Chemistry, IIT Delhi) for their valuable suggestions.

This Book Consists of

Critical Points for Quick Revision.

Topic Wise NCERT Based MCQs.
Higher Order MCQs to Develop Higher Order Thinking Skills.
NCERT Exemplar Problems.
Trending Assertion & Reason.

AIIMS/NEET Toppers and Faculty Teams have Simplified the NCERT for you so that you can easily get grip
on NCERT.
It is hoped that this book will be helpful for you and smoothen your path to success.
We thankfully welcome your queries and suggestions towards its further improvement. Kindly write your
reviews to editor@[Link]

To get in touch with the author and learning some concepts, you can subscribe his you tube channel,
Dr. Manu Kaushal
[Link]
Ph. No.- +91 8968706718

Author
Dr. Manu Kaushal
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Manu Kaushal is a renowned faculty of Chemistry and has a teaching

experience of more than 10 years. He has worked as senior faculty with famous
institutes like Aakash Institute (New Delhi), Helix Institute (Chandigarh).

He has left no stone unturned in imparting best & quality education to his students.
He has made Chemistry an easy subject for the students through his dynamic
art of teaching. Many of his students are studying in Top Colleges across India.

Through this book, he wants to share his vast experience with each and every student in
India. He believes in quality educations for all.
 CONTENTS
Class XI
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 1
Structure of Atom 30
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in
59
Properties
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 79
States of Matter 105

Thermodynamics 136

Equilibrium 166
Redox Reactions 202
Hydrogen 222
The s-Block Elements 239
The p-Block Elements 259
Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques 276
Hydrocarbons 303
Environmental Chemistry 331

Class XII
The Solid State 1
Solutions 34
Electrochemistry 67
Chemical Kinetics 94
Surface Chemistry 124
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements 146
The p-Block Elements 162
The d-and f-Block Elements 183
Coordination Compounds 201
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 221
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 254
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 288
Amines 321
Biomolecules 351
Polymers 370
Chemistry in Everyday Life 387
NEET 2019 Solved Paper 402
 TESTIMONIES

I am so happy that I secured 9th Rank in AIIMS and 5th Rank in NEET. It all happened because I studied to the NCERT
and prefer supplement which elaborates the NCERT.
So, i will suggest everyone study NCERT. This year I found that 90% to 95% MCQs in biology had been asked in the Exam.
So, for Biology NCERT is most important. You need to pay more attention to the language and examples of NCERT because
many questions come from these examples.
Many aspirants think that NCERT is only important for biology. But it is not true. It is also important for chemistry and
physics. NCERT is really important for Surface and state of matter in Physical chemistry.
For inorganic chemistry, you need to read every reaction, example and experimental data given in NCERT. So read and
analyze line by line and revise repeatedly.
Coming to the organic chemistry which was really hard for me personally, for some topics like Environmental Chemistry,
Biomolecules, Polymers and Chemistry in Everyday Life, you really need to read NCERT. Solve examples given in the
NCERT which would be really helpful for the exam.
In Physics, NCERT is very important for A & R questions. Analyze logically to the concepts and solved examples given in
the NCERT.
At the last, once again I would like to say that “Never ignore NCERT if you really want to secure good Rank”.

ABHISHEK DOGRA
AIR-9, AIIMS-2017
AIR-5, NEET-2017

I am really happy that all my hard work has paid off. I would thank my parents for this success as it would not be
possible without their support.
The Aim4AIIMS initiative proved to be boon to me. It gave me a clear idea of the kind of questions asked in exam. Vashishta
Sir and Ansh sir helped me a lot in my preparation. Dr. Ajay Mohan sir's guide to AIIMS preparation really helped me out
in the GK section as many as 15 questions could be answered with the information on current affairs in the book and posted
on the website.
I wish all the AIIMS aspirants good luck for their exam.

SATHVIK REDDY ERLA

AIR-1, AIIMS-2016
AIR-20, JIPMER-2016

AIIMS is every medical aspirants dream and true to its name, Aim4AIIMS provides exact guidance on how to aim for
and achieve that dream.
I had been hearing the Toppers interviews since 2014 and that gave me great direction on how to prepare, what is AIIMS
pattern like and the importance of NCERT text books.
Joining the Aim4AIIMS classes in October 2015 turned out to be the best decision of my life. I got interact with previous
years toppers where they guided us on their method of preparation and how to approach the exam.
I am deeply grateful to Dr. Ajay Mohan Sir and the entire team of Aim4AIIMS for their guidance and support, due to which
i was able to achieve my dream of AIIMS-New Delhi.
Thank you Aim4AIIMS for helping me aim for, and hit the target!!

IRA PACHORI
AIR-11, AIIMS-2016
AIR-43 JIPMER-2016
CLASS XI
 Chapter
5 States of Matter

Critical Points

Boyle’s Law 3. PV vs P when a straight line parallel to the x-axis is obtained.

At a constant temperature (T), the pressure of a given mass (or

fixed amount or fixed number of moles) of any gas is inversely
proportional to its volume.
1
i.e. P ∝
v
or PV = constant = k ...(i)
The constant k depends upon the amount of the gas, temperature 4. Log P vs Log V when a straight line having slope = -1 is
of the gas and the units in which P and V are expressed. obtained.
P1 V2 Expressing the equation (i) in logarithmic form, log P + log
P1V1 = P2V2 or = V = log k
P2 V1
1 log P = log k - log V
1. P vs when a straight line passing through the origin is
V
obtained.

Charle's Law
2. P vs V when a branch of hyperbola is obtained. If the
For a fixed mass of a gas at constant pressure, volume of a gas
pressure is higher, then the temperature is also high because
increases on increase in temperature (heating) and decreases
according to Charle’s law V ∝ T (at constant pressure).
on cooling
For each degree rise temperature, volume of gas increases by
1
of original volume of gas at 0°C.
273.15
The value of constant k, is determined by the pressure of the
gas, its amount and the units in which volume V is expressed.
i.e. V ∝T
V1 V2
=
The curves between P and V at constant temperature are T1 T2
hyperbolas and are called isotherms (constant temperature plots). Thus, the law can be verified by plotting
 106

1. Volume vs temperature (in kelvin) when a straight line

passing through origin is obtained.

Avogadro’s Hypothesis
Graphs of volume v/s temperature at constant pressure are
called isobars. It states that, under identical conditions of temperature and
2. Volume vs temperature (in °C) when a straight line pressure, equal volumes of all gases contains equal number
of molecules (or moles because 6.022 × 1023 i.e. Avagadro’s
meeting the temperature axis at -273.15 °C is obtained.
number of molecules are present in one mole of a gas)
i.e. V ∝ n, where n is number of moles.
It can also be stated as
V1 n1
= (when P and T are constant).
V2 n2

Gay-Lussac’s Law (Pressure Temperature Law)

It states that, at constant volume, the pressure of a given mass
of a gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of gas.
i.e. P ∝ T
3. Volume vs temperature (un °C) graph for a gas at different P P2 P
pressure when all the graphs meet the temperature axis at =or 1 = or constant
T1 T2 T
-273.15 °C. When the volume is higher, the pressure is
So the graph of P vs T is a straight line passing through
1
lower because according to Boyle’s P ∝ (at constant the origin. If the pressure is higher the gas occupies lesser
V
temperature). 1
volume because according to Boyle’s law, P ∝ (at constant
temperature). V
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

Graphs of Pressure vs Temperature at constant volume are

called isochores.

Ideal Gas Equation or Combined Gas Law

The equation which gives simultaneous effect of pressure and
4. Log V log T when a straight line having slope +1 is temperature on the volume of gas is called ideal gas equation.
obtained.
It is the combination of all the above gas laws.
Expressing equation (ii) in logarithmic form
1
At constant T and n; V ∝ Boyle’s Law
log V - log T = log k P
log V = log k + log T At constant P and n; V ∝ T Charles’s Law
 107

At constant P and T; V ∝ n Avogadro Law w

PV nRT
= = RT
Combining these laws, M
w RT RT
or=P = d
Thus, V ∝ nT or V = RnT
or V M M
P P
PV = n RT .......(1) RT
=or M d= or PM dRT
P
w
or PV = RT
M Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
PV
R= ...(ii) It states that, at any given temperature, the total pressure
nT exerted by a mixture of gases (which do not react chemically)
Where, R = Universal gas constant. is equal to the sum of partial pressure of the constituent gases.

n = number of moles of gas i.e. PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + ...

w = mass of gas Partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is the pressure that it

would exert on the container when present alone in the same
M = molecular mass of gas container i.e. in the same volume and at same temperature.
R is called gas constant. It is same for all gases and so also Applications of Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures:
called Universal Gas constant. Equation (i) is called ideal gas
1. In the Determination of Pressure of a Dry Gas: Aqueous
equation.
tension is the pressure exerted by saturated water vapor. It
The ideal gas equation is applicable to any gas when in depends on temperature. If P and P’ are the pressure of the
behaves ideally. Ideal gas equation is a relation between four dry gas (which does not react with water) and the moist
variables and it describes the state of any gas, therefore, it is gas respectively at t 0°C and p is the aqueous tension
also called equation of state. at that temperature, then by Dalton’s Law of Partial
Pressures, P’ = P + p or P = P’ - p
PV Force
=
Significance of gas constant R: R = . But P or Pdry gas = Pmoist gas - Aqueous tension (at t°C)
nT Area
and V = (length) . Substituting the value of P and V,
2 Partial pressure of gas in a mixture = Mole fraction of that gas
in mixture × Total pressure of mixture.
Force 3
2
× ( length ) Graham’s Law Diffusion
( length )
R=
nT At constant temperature and pressure, the rate of diffusion or
Force 3 effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of
2
× ( length ) its density or molar mass.
( length ) Force × ( length )
=or R =
nT nT r1 d2 V .D2 M2
or = = = ....(i)
r2 d1 VlD1 M1
As Force × length = work
where, V.D = vapour density, d = density, M = molar mass
work

States of Matter
=R = work done per mole 1. If gases are at different pressures (but at the same
nT Per kelvin temperatuer .
temperature), then
Numerical values and units of R 1
r∝P∝
R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1 d
= 8.314 J K-1 mol-1 r1 P1 d 2 P M2
= = 1
= 8.314 Pa m3 K-1 mol-1 r2 P 2 d1 P2 M1
= 8.314 × 10-2 bar L K-1 mol-1
2. If gases are at different temperatures (but at the same
= 8.314 × 107 ergs mol-1 K-1
1
= 1.9872 cal K-1 mol-1 pressure), then r ∝ T ∝
d
Ideal Gas Equation in Terms of Density:
r1 T M T d
If w is the mass of the gas in grams and M is the molecular = 1× 2 = 1× 2
r2 T2 M1 T2 d1
mass of the gas and d is the density, then
 108

3. If V is the volume of gas diffused in time t, then

3RT 3PV 3P
v ms
= = =
V V1 V2 M M d
=r = , so r1 and r2
=
t t1 t2

Substituting these values in equation (i)

r1 V1 t2 d2 M2
= × = =
r2 V2 t1 d1 M1

4. V ∝ n (Avagadro’s law at constant pressure and temperature)

∴ V1 ∝ n and V2 ∝ n2
Kinetic Theory of Gases:
V1 n1 V2 n2 Assumptions or postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of
So =
r1 = and r=
2 =
t1 t1 t2 t2 gases are:
Substituting these values in equation (ii) 1. Gases consist of large number of identical particles
(atoms or molecules) that are so small and so far apart
r1 n1 t2 d2 M2 (on the average) that the actual volume of the molecules
∴ = × = =
r2 n2 t2 d1 M1 is negligible in comparison to the empty space between
them. They are considered as point masses. This
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve. assumption explains the great compressibility of gases.
2. There is no force of attraction between the particles
of a gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. The
experimental evidence for this assumption is the gases
expand and occupy all the space available to them.
3. Particles of a gas are always in constant (rapid) and
random motion. If the particles were at rrest and occupied
fixed positions, them a gas would have had a fixed shape
which is not seen.
Types of molecular speeds: 4. Particles of a gas move in all possible directions in
1. Average Speed: It is the average of different speeds of all straight lines. During their random motion, they collied
the molecules present in a gas with each other and with the walls of the container. Gases
exert pressure due to collision of the particles with the
v1 + v 2 + v3 + .... + v N walls of the container.
i.e. vav =
N
5. Collisions of gas molecules are perfectly elastic. This
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

8RT 8PV 8P means that total energy of molecules before and after
Also,
= vav = = the collision remains same. If there were loss of kinetic
πM πM πd
energy, the motion of molecules would have stopped and
(N = number of molecules, M = molecular mass of gas, d gases would have settled down under the influence of
= density of gas) gravity.
(PV = RT, is valid for 1 mole of gas) 6. If a molecule has variable speed, then it must have a
variable kinetic energy. In kinetic theory it is assumed that
2. Most Probable Speed: It is the speed possiessed by average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is directly
maximum fraction of molecules of a gas. proportional to the absolute temperature.
2RT 2PV 2P Kinetic Theory and Kinetic Gas Equation
v mp
= = =
M M d
1
3. Root mean square speed: It is the square root of the mean PV = mNC2
3
of the square of the speeds of all the molecules present in
3
a gas. or K.E. = RT
2
v12 + v 22 + .... + v 2N 3
v rms = C K.E. = nRT
N 2
 109

3 R PVreal
Average K.E. K.E.
= = per molecule T Z= ...(i)
2 NA nRT
Substituting this value of nRT/P in eqn. (i)
3
or Average K.E. K.E.
= = per molecule kbT Vreal
2 Z=
Ideal and Real Gases: A gas which obeys Boyle’s law, Videal
Charle’s law and Avogadro’s law (or Ideal gas equation)
under all conditions of temperature and pressure is known as Positive deviation Negative deviation
an ideal gas or a perfect gas. Z>1 Z<1
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour Vreal > Videal Vreal < Videal
Vm > 22.4 Litre Vm < 22.4 Litre
Cause of deviation of real gases: Two faulty assumptions of
Kinetic Theory of gases:
1. The volume occupied by the gas molecules is negligible
as compared to the total volume of the gas.
2. The forces of attraction (or repulsion) between the gas
molecules are negligible.
If assumption (i) was correct, the pressure vs volume graph of
experimental data (real gas) and that theoretically calculated
from Boyles law (ideal gas) should have coincided.
If assumption (ii) was correct, the gas would never liquify.
However, gasses do liquify when cooled and compressed.
Also, liquids formed are very difficult to compress. This
means that forces of repulsion are powerful enough and
prevent squashing (compressing) of molecules in tiny volume.
Compressibility factor, which is defined as Explanation of behaviour of real gases on the basis of vander
PVreal Waal’s equation. Unlike ideal gas equation, the vander Waals
Z= equation explains the behaviour of real gases under different
nRT
conditions of temperature and pressure.
1. When Z < 1 the gas is said to show negative deviation. This
1. At extremely low pressure and /or high temperature At
implies that the gas is more compressible than expected low pressure, since V is very large, the value of a/V2 is
from ideal behavior. This indicates the dominance of very small and hence can be neglected in comparison to P.
attractive forces between the gas molecules. Also, V is much greater than b and so b can be neglected
2. When Z > 1, the gas is said to show positive deviation. in its comparison. Consequently, at very low pressure, the
This implies that the gas is less compressible than expected van der Waal’s equation is reduced to ideal gas equation,
from ideal behavior. This indicates the dominance of i.e. PV = RT.
repulsive forces between the gas molecules. 2. At moderate pressure: At moderate pressure, volume

States of Matter
Variation of compressibility factor (Z) with pressure for V is very large and hence the correction term b can be
Nitrogen gas at different temperatures neglected in comparison to the very large value of V.
Thus, the van der Waal’s equation for mole of a gas is
 a 
P + 2 V =
RT
 V 
a
or PV + RT
=
V
a
or PV
= RT −
V
PV a
The temperature at which a real gas behaves like an ideal or = 1=
gas over an appreciable pressure range is called Boyle’s RT RTV
temperature or Boyle’s point. a
Z=
1− i.e.Z < 1
Significance of Compressibility factor: RTV
 110

3. At high pressure: At high pressure, volume V is quite These gases are infinitely These gases are not
small and hence the term b cannot be neglected in compressible. infinityely compressible,
comparison to V. Secondly, under these conditions, they condense to liquid at
although the term a/V2 is large, yet it is so small in low temperature and high
comparison to the high pressure P that it can be neglected. pressure.
Thus, the van der Waals equation is reduced to
These gases exert higher These gases exert lower
P(V-b) = RT pressure. pressure.
or PV - Pb = RT
Liquifiaction of Gases and Critical Temperature
or PV = RT + Pb
For each gas, there is a particular temperature above which it
PV Pb
or = 1+ cannot be liquified, howsoever high pressure may be applied
RT RT on the gas. This temperature is known as critical temperature.
Pb Above critical temperature, the molecular speed is high
Z=
1+ i.e.Z > 1
RT and the intermolecular attraction cannot hold the molecules
together. So they escape because of high speed and do not
4. Al low temperature: At low temperature, the
come close to form a liquid. Hence the gas cannot be liquified.
intermolecular forces are significant because the
molecules travel with low average speed and can be Critical Constants:
captured by one another due to attractive forces. 8a
1. Critical temperature (Tc): Tc =
Thus, both P and V are small, hence both pressure and volume 27bR
corrections are appreciable. Thus, the equation remains as a
2. Critical Pressure (Pc): Pc =
a  27b 2

 P + 2  (V − b) =
RT
3. Critical volume (Vc): Vc = 3b
 V 
4. Compressibility factor (Zc): The critical constants are
5. Exceptional behaviour of hydrogen and helium: Since
related to each other as
hydrogen and helium have very small masses, the
intermolecular forces of attraction are extremely small 3
Pc Vc = RTc
even at low pressures. In other words, the factor a/V2 8
is negligible at all pressures. Hence the van der Waal’s Compressibility factor at critical point
equation is reduced to
Pc Vc 3
P(V-b) = RT or PV = RT + Pb Zc
= =
RTc 8
Ideal gas Real gas
Tendency of Liquifaction of a gas
They obey ideal gas equation They obey ideal gas equation
under all conditions. Thus only at low pressure and Easily liquifiable gases are those which have greater
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

they obey the equation PV high temperature. They obey intermolecular forces of attraction which is represented by the
= nRT Vander Waal’s equation high value of ‘a’ and thus high value of TC because
 an 2  8a a
 P + 2  ( V − ng ) =
nRT =Tc or Tc ∝
V  27bR b

1 a
These gases are hypothetical These gases exist practically. Ease of Liquification ∝ Tc ∝ a ∝ ∝
are hypothetical and do not b b
exist. The order of ease of liquifiaction of gases:
The actual volume occupied The actual volume occupied SO > NH > CO > N > H > He

2 3 2 2 2
→
Decreasing valueof constant 'a '
by gas molecules is by gas molecules is not
negligible as compared to negligible as compared to • The unit of pressure, millimetre of mercury is also known
total volume of the gas. total volume of the gas. as torr.
There are no intermolecular Intermolecular forces of • Triple point is the temperature at which solid ice, liquid
forces of attraction. attraction exist water and water vapour, i.e., all the three states of the
These gases can not be These gases can be liquified substances exist together.
liquified at any condition al low temperature and high • Rule of thumb: At 25°C and 1 bar one mole of gas has a
pressure. volume of 25L.
 111

• Ideal gases do not show any cooling or heating effect on Mean Free Path
adiabatic expansion because there are no intermolecular
forces of attraction present in them. Mean free path is the mean distance travelled by a
• Real gases are the gases which deviate from gas equation. molecule between two successive collisions. It is denoted
These gases obey gas laws only at low pressure at high by λ.
temperature. 3
λ= η
r M2 Pd
• Graham's law of diffusion: 1 =
r2 M1 P = Pressure of gas
• Effusion: A gas confined to a container at high pressure d = Density of gas
than the surrounding atmosphere will escape from a small η = Coefficient of viscosity
hole which is opened in the container until the pressure
• Charle's law is not applicable to liquids.
outside and inside have been equalised.
• Gas constant per molecule is known as boltzmann
P
• r ∝ constant (κ)
d
r = rate of diffusion of gas • Number of molecules present in 1cm3 of a gas or vapour
at STP (its value is 2.73×1019/cc) is known as Loschmidt
P = Pressure of gas
number.
d = density
• Maxwell's generalisation is that kinetic energy of a gas is
Joule Thomson Effect directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

Joule- thomson effect is when a real gas is allowed to • Trouton's rule: The molar heat of vapourisation of a liquid
expand adiabatically through a porous plug or a fine expressed in joules divided by the normal boiling point of
hole into a region of low pressure, it is accompanied by the liquid on the absolute scale is approximately equal of
cooling. ∆H vap
= 88 JK −1 mol−1
• At absolute zero (i.e., T = 0), K.E. is zero. In other words; Tb
thermal motion ceases completely at absolute zero. • The reciprocal co-efficient of viscosity is known as
• The distance between the centres of two molecules at fluidity of the liquid.
the point of their closest approach is known as collision
1
diameter (σ). φ=
η

States of Matter
 112

Self Assessment
Questions

The Gas Laws [NCERT Pg 136-141] 4.

A gas has a vapour density 11.2. The volume occupied
by 1 g of the gas at NTP is:
Formulas a. 1 L b. 11.2 L
• Boyle's law : PV = constant (at constant T) c. 22.4 L d. 4 L
• Charles law : V1T2 = V2T1 (at constant P) 5.
If V0 is the volume of a given mass of gas at 273 K at
a constant pressure then according to Charle's law, the
• Combined gas law: P1V1 = P2 V2 volume at 10°C will be:
T1 T2 1
dRT a. 11V0 b. (V0 + 10)
• Density & Molar mass of a gaseous substance: M = 273
P
10 283
• Relative molecular weight = 2 × vapour density c. V0 + d. V0
273 273
• Dalton's law of partial pressure: PTotal = P2 + P2 +P3 + _ _
6.
At what temperature, the volume of a gas would become
Where partial pressure(p) = mole fraction × Ptotal zero?
Partial Pressure (P) a. 0°C b. 273°C
• Mole fraction of a gas(x)= c. –273.15°C d. 273 K
Total Pressure (TP )
7.
At a constant pressure, what should be the percentage
• Pgas = PTotal - Pwater vapour increase in the temperature in kelvin for a 10% increase
in the volume:
• Graham's Law of Diffusion of Gases
a. 10% b. 20%
r1 d2 M2 V T c. 5% d. 50%
= = = 1´ 2
r2 d1 M1 V2 T1 8.
According to charle's law, (here k is constant of
1 proportionality)
Thus; rate of diffusion ∝ a. (dV ) = K b. (dV ) =- K
density dT P
dT P

If two gases diffuses under different pressures

c. (dV dT ) =- K T d. None of these
P
r1 d2 P1 M2
= , 9.
If the absolute temperature of a gas having volume Vcm3
r2 d1 P2 M1
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

is doubled and the pressure is reduced to half, the final

volume will be:
1.
Which of the following expression is true regarding gas a. 0.25 V b. 0.050 V
laws? (W = weight, M = molar mass) c. 2 V d. 4 V
a. T1 = M1 W2 b. T1 = M 2 W1 10. An open vessel containing air is heated from 27°C to
T2 M 2 W1 T2 M1 W2 127°C. The fraction of air originally present which goes
out of it is:
c. T1 = M1 W1 d. T2 = M1 W1 a. 3/4 b. 1/4
T2 M 2 W2 T1 M 2 W2 c. 2/3 d. 1/8
2.
8.2 L of an ideal gas weighs 9.0 g at 300 K and 1atm 11. The temperature at which 28 g of N2 will be occupying a
pressure. The molecular mass of the gas is: volume of 10.0 L at 2.46 atm is:
a. 9 b. 27 a. 299.6 K b. 0°C
c. 54 d. 81 c. 273 K d. 10°C
3.
By the ideal gas law, the pressure of 0.60 moles NH3 gas 12. Density of carbon monoxide is maximum at:
in a 3.00 L vessel at 25°C is, (given that R = 0.082 L atm a. 2 atm and 600 K
mol–1 k–1:) b. 0.5 atm and 273 K
a. 48.9 atm b. 4.89 atm c. 6 atm and 1092 K
c. 0.489 atm d. 489 atm d. 4 atm and 500 K
 113

13. In which one of the following does the given amount

of chlorine gas exert the least pressure in a vessel of
capacity 1 dm3 at 273 K?
b.
a. 8.0355 g
b. 0.071 g
c. 6.023 × 1021 molecules
d. 0.02 mol
14. 2 g of hydrogen diffuse from a container in 10 min. How
many gram of oxygen would diffuse through the same c.
container in the same time under similar conditions?
a. 0.5 g b. 4 g
c. 6 g d. 8 g
15. If the ratio of the rates of diffusion of two gases A and B
is 4 : 1, then the ratio of their densities is:
a. 16 : 1 b. 4 : 1 d.
c. 1 : 4 d. 1 : 16
16. If both oxygen and helium gases are at the same
temperature, the rate of diffusion of O2 is very close to:
a. 4 times that of He
Ideal Gas Equation [NCERT Pg 141-143]
b. 2 times that of He Formulas
c. 0.35 times that of He • PV = nRT
d. 8 times that of He
17. The ratio of rates of diffusion of helium and methane 23. The molar volume of CO2 is maximum at:
under same conditions of temperature and pressure will a. NTP b. 0°C and 2 atm
be: c. 127°C and 1 atm d. 273°C and 2 atm
a. 4 : 1 b. 2 : 1 24. 8.2 L of an ideal gas weighs 9.0 g at 300 K and 1 atm.
c. 1 : 1 d. 1 : 2 pressure. The molecular mass of gas is:
18. A certain gas takes three times as long to effuse out as a. 9 b. 27 c. 54 d. 81
helium. Its molecular mass will be:
25. 0.30 g of gas was found to occupy a volume of 82.0 ml
a. 27 u b. 36 u
at 27°C and 3 atm pressure. The molecular mass of a gas
c. 64 u d. 9 u
is:
19. The density of a gas A is twice that of B. Molecular mass a. 60 b. 30
of A is half of molecular mass of B. The ratio of partial c. 90 d. Unpredictable
pressure of A and B is:
a. 1/4 b. 1/2 26. When the universal gas constant (R) is divided by
c. 4/1 d. 2/1 Avogadro's number (No). Their ratio is called:
a. Planck's constant
20. Equal weight of CH4 and H2 are mixed in a container at b. Rydberg's constant

States of Matter
25°C. Fraction of total pressure exerted by methane is: c. Boltzmann constant
a. 1/2 b. 1/3 d. van der waal's constant
c. 1/9 d. 8/9
27. When the pressure of 5 L of N2 is doubled and its
21. Identify the pair of gases that have equal rate of diffusion: temperature is raised from 300 K to 600 K, the final
a. NO, CO b. N2O, CO volume of a gas would be:
c. N2O, CO2 d. CO2, NO2 a. 10 L b. 5 L
22. Which of following V v/s T graph represents the behavior c. 15 L d. 20 L
of 1 mole of an ideal gas at ONE atm P? 28. The weight of 350 mL of a diatomic gas at 0°C and 2
atm pressures is 1 g. The weight of one atom in gram is:
(N = Avogadro's number)
a. 16 32
a. b.
N N
c. 16 N d. 32 N
 114

29. Which of the following does not represent ideal gas Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
equation? [NCERT Pg 143-144]
2
a. PV = 1 mNu b. PV = nRT
2
Formulas
nRT
c. P = d. PV = RT 1
V • Kinetic gas equation PV= mNu 2
3
30. Under what condition will a pure sample of ideal gas not
only exhibit a pressure of 1 atm, but also a concentration mN = molar mass (for 1 mole of gas)
_
of 1 mol/litre:? u = root mean square velocity
a. At STP b. When V = 22.4 L
c. When T = 12K d. Impossible under any condition • K.E./mole = 3 RT
2
31. For n moles of ideal gas, the equation of state may be 3
• Average translational K.E./mole : Kb T
written as: 2
• Collision frequency :
a. PT n = RV b. PV = (RT)2
NX
c. P/T = nR/V d. PV = RT
n 2
32. A balloon is filled with H2 at room temperature. It will X = total number of collision per molecule
burst if pressure exceeds 0.2 bar. If at 1 bar pressure, the N = molecule per unit volume
gas occupies 2.27 L volume, upto what volume can the
balloon be expanded- • Various types of velocity and their symbol
a. 12.3 L b. 11.35 L Types of
c. 20.5 L d. 6 L Symbol Expression Ratio
velocity
33. If 16 g of CH4and 4 g of H2 are mixed and kept at 760 Average α α:v:u
mm Hg pressure at 0°C, then volume occupied by the 8RT / πM
velocity
mixture would be
a. 22.4 L b. 44.8 L Root mean 3RT/M 1:1.128:1.224
c. 67.2 L d. 33.6 L square u
34. The volume of a gas at 0°C is 273 mL. The volume of velocity
the gas at 27°C and at same pressure would be
a. 573 mL b. 300 mL Most v 2RT/M
c. 546 mL d. 327 mL probable
velocity
35. An open vessel at 27°C is heated until 1/5th part of the
air in it has been expelled. If the volume of the container PV
• Compressibility factor ; Z =
remains constant, what should be the temperature to nRT
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

which the vessel has been heated? For ideal gases ; Z = 1 and real gas, Z ≠ 1
a. 375 K b. 750 K
If Z < 1, net - intermolecular attraction exists and
c. 546 K d. 408 K
if Z > 1, net - intermolecular repulsion exists.
36. If the density of a gas A is 1.5 times that of B, then
molecular mass of A is M. The molecular mass of B will 39. The value of a gas constant R is 8.314 X. Here; X
be: represents:
M a. Litre atm. K–1 mol–1
M
a. 1.5M b. 1.5 c. 3M d. 3 b. Cal mol–1 K–1
37. The approximate temperature at which 1 mol L–1 of a c. JK–1 mol–1
sample of pure ideal gas exhibits a pressure of 101.325 d. None of above
K Pa is: 40. What is the ratio of kinetic energies of 3 g of hydrogen
a. 12.2 K b. 122 K c. 244 K d. 300 K and 4 g of oxygen at T(K)?
38. The numerical value of universal gas constant (R) a. 12 : 1 b. 6 : 1 c. 1 : 6 d. 24 : 1
depends upon: 41. The root mean square velocity of ideal gas at constant
a. The nature of a gas pressure varies with density (d) as:
b. Condition of a gas
a. d2 b. d
c. The units of measurement
d. None of above c. d d. 1
d
 115

42. At what temperature will the RMS velocity of SO2 be the Deviation From Ideal Gas Behavior
same as that of O2 at 303 K? [NCERT Pg 144-147]
a. 403K b. 303K
c. 606K d. 273K Formulas
43. The critical temperatures of O2 , N2 , H2 and CO2 are 154.3 PV
1. Z = , Z = compressibility factor
K, 126 K, 33.2 K and 304 K. The extent of adsorption on nRT
tungsten may be highest in case of: Z = 1, for an ideal gas at all the conditions
a. H2 b. N2 Z > 1, for positive deviation
c. O2 d. CO2 Z < 1, For negative deviation
44. The RMS velocity of molecules of a gas of density 4 kg molar volume of real gas at STP
m–3 and pressure 1.2 × 105 Nm–2 is: 2. Z =
molar volume of ideal gas at STP
a. 900 m/sec b. 120 m/sec
c. 600 m/s d. 300 m/sec 53. Maximum deviation from ideal gas is expected from:
45. Given RMS velocity of hydrogen at 300 K is 1.9 × 103 a. H2(g) b. N2
m/sec. The RMS velocity of oxygen at 1200 K will be: c. CH4 d. NH3(g)
a. 7.6 × 103 m/s 54. The, compressibility factor (Z) of one mole of a van der
b. 3.8 × 103 m/sec waal's gas of negligible 'a' value is:
c. 0.95 × 103 m/sec
d. 0.475 × 103 m/sec a. 1 b. bP
RT
46. Average K.E. of N2 at 27°C is E. The average K.E. of bP bP
CO2 at the same temperature will be: c. 1+ d. 1–
RT RT
a. E b. 22 E
c. E d. E 2 55. Which among the following gases can be liquefied
22 easily?
47. Which of the following is true about ideal gas? a. Chlorine b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen d. Hydrogen
a. K.E. = 3PV b. K.E. = 3/2 RT
2N 56. The compressibility factor for an ideal gas is:
a. =1 b. ˂1
c. K.E. = 3RT d. K.E. = 2 KT c. ˃1 d. ∞
PV 3
48. The kinetic energy of one mole of any gas depend upon: 57. The temperature at which real gases obey the ideal gas
a. Pressure of gas laws over a wide range of pressure is called:
b. Volume of gas a. Critical temperature
c. Absolute temperature of gas b. Inversion temperature
d. Nature of gas c. Boyle temperature
49. The molecules of which of the following gases have the d. Reduced temperature
largest mean average K.E. at 250°C? 58. At relatively, high pressure, van der waal's equation
a. Al b. CO reduces to:

States of Matter
c. He d. All have same average K.E. a. PV = RT b. PV = RT –a/v
50. By what factor does the average velocity of gaseous a
c. PV
= RT − d. PV = RT + Pb
molecule increases, when the temperature (in kelvin) is V2
doubled? 59. In vander waal's equation of state of the gas, the constant
a. 1.4 b. 2.0 b' is a measure of:
c. 2.8 d. 4.0 a. Intermolecular repulsions
51. The most probable velocity of a gas molecule at 298 K is b. Intermolecular attractions
300 m/sec. Its RMS velocity (in m/s) is: c. Volume occupied by the molecules
d. Intermolecular collisions per unit volume
a. 420 b. 245
c. 402 d. 367 60. The real gas most closely approaches the behaviour of
an ideal gas at:
52. The ratio of root mean square speed, average speed and a. 15 atm and 200 K
most probable speed is b. 1 atm and 273 K
a. 3π : 8 : 2π b. π: 2π : 3 c. 0.5 atm and 500 K
c. 2π : 3π : 8 d. π : 2π : 6 d. 15 atm and 500 K
 116

61. A gas can be liquefied: 66. Out of the four liquids given below, the one having
a. At its critical temperature lowest vapour pressure at 25°C is:
b. Above its critical temperature a. Carbon tetrachloride
c. Below its critical temperature b. Benzene
d. At 0°C c. Chloroform
62. Mark out the wrong expression: d. Water
a 67. During the evaporation of liquid:
a. Boyle's temperature Tb = a. The temperature of the liquid will rise
Rb
b. The temperature of the liquid will fall
a
b. Critical pressure Pc = c. May be rise or fall depending on the nature
27b 2 d. The temperature remains unaffected
8a 68. The following is a method to determine the surface
c. Critical temperature Tc =
27Rb tension of liquids:
d. Critical volume Vc = 3b a. Single capillary method
b. Refractometer method
63. In van der Waal’s equation for the real gas, the expression c. Polarimetry method
for the net force of attraction amongst the gas molecules d. Boiling point method
is given by
69. Which of the following is correct statement?
an 2 an 2
a. 2 b. p + 2 a. Surface tension of a liquid decreases with increases
V V in temperature
an 2 V2 b. Vapour pressure of a liquid decrease with increase in
c. p − d. temperature
V2 an 2
c. Viscosity of a liquid decrease with decrease in temperature
d. In gravity free environment, droplets of a liquid on
Liquid State [NCERT Pg 149-152]
flat surface are slightly flattened
64. On increasing pressure, melting point of ice: 70. When a capillary tube of diameter 0.8 mm is dipped in
a. Decreases a liquid having density 800 kg m–3 , then the height of
b. Increases liquid in the capillary tube rises to 4 cm. The surface
c. Remain unchanged tension of liquid is (g = 9.8 m/s2):
d. Change in some manner a. 4.3 × 10–2 Nm–1 b. 5.6 × 10–2 Nm–1
65. The surface tension of which of the following liquid is c. 6.3 × 10–2 Nm–1 d. 7.3 × 10–2 Nm–1
maximum? 71. Which is distilled first?
a. H2O b. C6H6 a. Liquid CO2 b. Liquid N2
c. CH3OH d. C2H5OH c. Liquid O2 d. Liquid H2
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry
 117

Higher Order
Questions

1.
A vessel contains H2 & O2 in the molar ratio 8 : 1 8.
A 20 g chunk of dry ice is placed in an empty 0.75 litre
respectively. This mixture of gases is allowed to diffuse bottle tighly closed. What would be the final P in the
through a hole, find the composition of the mixture bottle after CO2 has been evaporated and temperature
coming out of the hole: reaches to 25°C?
a. 8 : 1 b. 16 : 1 a. 14.82 atm b. 15.82 atm
c. 32 : 1 d. 64 : 1 c. 13.82 atm d. 24.45 atm
2.
If for two gases of molar masses MA & MB at temperature 9.
8.8 g of dry ice is added to an open container of volume
TA & TB, TAMB = TBMA, then which property has the 8.2 L at 27°C. The lid is closed immediately. What
same magnitude for both the gases: will be the final pressure in the container when CO2 is
a. Density b. Pressure vaporized?
c. K.E. per mole d. RMS speed a. 0.6 atm b. 1.6 atm
c. 0.8 atm d. 6.4 atm
3.
Under what conditions will a pure sample of an ideal
gas not only exhibit a pressure of 1 atm but also a 10. Two glass bulbs A (of 100 ml volume) and B (of 150 ml
concentration of 1 mol ltr–1: volume) containing same gas are connected by a small
a. At STP b. When V = 22.4 L tube of negligible volume. At particular temperature the
c. When T = 12 K d. None of these pressure in A was found to be 20 times more than that
in bulb B. The stopcock is opened without changing
4.
Two flasks of equal volume are connected by a narrow
temperature. The percentage decreases in pressure will
tube of negligible volume at 27°C and contain 0.70 mole
be:
of H2 at 0.5 atm. One of the flask is then immersed into
a. 57% b. 22% c. 23% d. 45%
a bath kept at 127°C, while other remains at 27°C. Then
which statement is/are correct? 11. 1 mole N2 , 4 mole H2 are taken in a flask having 15 L
a. Final pressure in the apparatus is 0.5714 atm volume at 27°C. After the completion of reaction, 5 L
b. Number of moles in one of the flasks are 0.4 and in of H2O is added to the reaction vessel, what is the final
other are 0.3 pressure set up in the flask?
c. Final pressure is 3.7281 atm
d. Both (a) and (b) are correct a. 3 × 0.0821× 300 b. 7 × 0.0821× 300
10 10
5.
The values of Vander Waals constant ‘a’ for the gases O2,
N2, NH3 & CH4 are 1.36, 1.39, 4.17, 2.253 L2 atm mol–2 c. 1× 0.0821× 300 d. 5 × 0.0821× 300
respectively. The gas which can most easily be liquefied is: 10 10
a. O2 b. N2 12. Gases X and Y are insoluble in H2O and Z forms a basic

States of Matter
c. NH3 d. CH4 solution. In an experiment, 3 moles each of X & Y are
6.
Potassium Hydroxide solutions are used to absorb CO2. allowed to react in 15 L flask at 500 K. When reaction
How many litres of CO2 at 1 atm and 22°C would be is complete, 5 L of water is added to the flask and the
absorbed by an aqueous solution containing 15 g of temperature is reduced to 300 K. The final pressure
KOH? inside the flask is:
Reaction: 2X + 3Y → Z(g)

2KOH + CO2 → K2CO3 + H2O
(g) (g)
a. 3.24 L b. 1.62 L
a. 2.46 atm b. 5.72 atm
c. 6.48 L d. 0.324 L
c. 1.12 atm d. 4.24 atm
7.
2 litres of moist H2 were collected over water at 26°C
at a total P of one atm. On analysis, it was found that 13. A closed vessel contains He & O3 at a pressure of P atm.
quantity of H2 collected was 0.0788 mole. What is the Ratio of He and oxygen atoms is 1 : 1. If He is removed
mole fraction of H2 in the moist gas? from the vessel, the new pressure of system will be:
a. 0.989 b. 0.897 a. P/2 b. P/4
c. 0.953 d. 0.967 c. P/6 d. P/8
 118

14. A gas obeys the equation P (V–b) = RT, then which

If the maximum volume of inner and outer balloons are
statement is/are correct: 800 ml and 1800 ml respectively then the balloon which
R will burst first on gradual heating is:
a. Isochoric curves have slope =
V−b a. Outer balloon
R b. Inner balloon
b. Isobaric curves have slope = and intercept b c. None of them will ever burst
P
d. Both will burst simultaneously
PV
c. Isochoric curves have slope =
b 20. Calculate the relative rate of diffusion of O2 to CH4 in a
d. Both (a) and (b) container containing O2 and CH4 in 3 : 2 mass ratio:

15. An open container of volume V contains air at 3 2 3

a. b.
temperature 300 K. The container is heated to such a 4 4 2
temperature so that amount of gas coming out is 2/3 of 3 7
c. d.
the amount of gas initially present in the container. Find 2 2 2 6
the temperature to which the container should be heated:
a. 300 K b. 600 K 21. 4 gm of SO2 gas diffuses from a container in 8 minutes.
c. 900 K d. 1200 K Mass of He gas diffusing from the same container in
same time interval is:
16. An open container of volume V contains air at 300 K. a. 0.5 gm b. 1 gm
The container is heated to such a temperature so that the c. 2 gm d. None of these
amount of gas coming out is 2/3 of the amount of gas
22. Equal moles of H2 and O2 gas are placed in a container
finally remaining in the container. Find the temperature
through which both can escape. What fraction of oxygen
to which the container should be heated: escapes in the time required for one half of the H2 to
a. 500 K b. 700 K escape?
c. 900 K d. 1100 K a. 3/8 b. 1/2
17. A spherical balloon of 21 cm diameter is to be filled up c. 1/8 d. 1/4
with H2 at STP from a cylinder containing the gas at 23. An unspecified quantity of an ideal gas has a volume
20 atm at 27°C. If the cylinder can hold 2.82 litres of water, of 30 litres at 20°C, the gas was compressed until the
calculate the number of balloons that can be filled up: pressure has doubled at constant temperature & then, the
a. 9 b. 10 temperature is raised to 100°C while the pressure is kept
c. 11 d. 12 constant, what is the final volume the gas-
a. 25 litre b. 30 L
18. For two gases, A and B with molecular weights MA and c. 19 L d. 45 L
MB, it is observed that at a certain temperature T, the
24. Equal moles of CO, B2H6, H2 & CH4 are placed in
mean velocity of A is equal to the root mean square
a container. If a hole was made in the container, after
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

velocity of B. Thus the mean velocity of A can be made

5 minutes, the partial pressure of gases in container
equal to the mean velocity of B, if:
would be (at wt. of C, O, B and H are 12, 16, 11, 1 amu
a. A is at temperature T1 and B at T2 and T1 > T2 respectively)
b. A is lowered to a temperature T2 < T while B is at T
a. PCO = PB 2 H6 > PCH4 > PH2
c. Both A and B are lowered in temperature
d. Both A and B are raised in temperature b. PCO > PB2 H6 > PH2 > PCH4
19. Two inflated Balloons I and II having volume 600 ml
c. PB2 H6 > PH2 > PCH4 > PCO
and 1500 ml at 300 K are taken as shown in diagram-
d. None of these
25. The rms velocity of hydrogen is 7 times the rms
velocity of nitrogen. If T is the temperature of the gas,
then:
a. T( H2 ) = T( N2 )
b. T( H2 ) > T( N2 )
c. T( H2 ) < T( N2 )
d. T( H2 ) = 7 T( N2 )
 119

26. At constant P of 0.0821 atm log V vs log T graph is correct statement(s):

plotted for 3 samples of ideal gas as shown. Value of a. The ratio of initial total pressure to the total pressure
moles of gas in these three samples is respectively: at time t is 3 : 2.
b. The mole fraction of A2 in the vessel after time t is 0.2.
c. The percentage dimerisation of A upto time t is 40%.
d. If each molecule of gas A weighs 10–22g, then the
average molecular mass of the mixture in the container
after time t is about 75 amu.
31. If the partition is removed the average molar mass of the
sample will be (Assume ideal behaviour).
H2 D2
16.42 L 16.42 L
1 1
a. 3, 1, b. , 1, 3 300 K 300 K
2 2 3 atm 6 atm
1 1
c. 1, , 3 d. , 3, 1 1 10
2 2 a. g / mol b. g / mol
2 3
27. Statement-1: According to kinetic theory of gases, 3 5
volume of an ideal gas molecule and molecular attraction c. g / mol d. g / mol
2 3
forces between ideal gas molecules are taken to be zero.
32. Which of the following is correct order for number
Statement-2: According to kinetic theory of gases, of molecules having volume of 0.56 L of each of the
average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly following gases at 25 °C and 2 atm pressure?
proportional to square root of the absolute temperature a. SO2 > CO2 > CH4 > H2
of the gas. b. H2 > CH4 > CO0 > SO2
a. Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is c. SO2 = CO2 > CH4 > H2
a correct explanation for statement-1 d. All are equal.
b. Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is 33. According to Maxwell's distribution of molecular speeds,
not a correct explanation for statement-1 for the below graph drawn for two different samples of
c. Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false gases A and B at temperature T1 and T2 respectively,
d. Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT :
28. The vander Waals constant 'a' for the gases CH4, N2,
NH3 and O2 are 2.25, 1.39, 4.17 and 1.3 L2 atm. mol–2
respectively. The gas which shows highest critical
temperature is:
a. CH4 b. N2
c. NH3 d. O2
29. The compressibility factor for 1 mole of a vander waals

States of Matter
gas at the Boyles temperature is-
b2 b
a. 1 + b. 1 − a. If T1 = T2, then molecular mass of gas B(MB) is greater
V (V − b) V
than molecular mass of gas A(MA).
b b2 b. If molecular mass of gas A(MA) is equal to molecular
c. 1 + d. 1 − mass of gas B(MB), then T1 > T2.
V V2
c. If T1 < T2 , then molecular mass of gas B(MB) is
30. A certain mass of gas A is kept in a closed container necessarily less than molecular mass of gas A (MA).
where it undergoes dimerisation, according to the d. All of these
reaction : 34. On heating a gas at constant temperature
a. Kinetic energy of the gas will increase

2A(g) → A2(g)
b. The number of gas molecules will increase

Assuming temperature to remain constant, it was found c. The kinetic energy of the gas molecules will decrease
that the partial pressure of A2 gas after time t was one- d. The kinetic energy of the gas molecules will remain
fifth of the initial pressure in container. Then, select the constant
 120

35. Which one of the following set of gases will diffuse with 39. For a closed container containing 100 mole of an ideal
same rate under similar conditions? gas fitted with movable, frictionless, weightless piston
a. NO, CO, O2 operating such that pressure of gas remains constant at
b. NO2, CO2, SO2 8.20 atm, which graph represents correct variation of log
c. CH4, O2, NO V vs. log T where V is in litre and T in kelvin.
d. N2O, CO2, C3H8
36. The root mean square speed of an unknown gas at 27°C
is x cm/s. The temperature at which its rms speed will be a. b.
3x cm/s, is
a. 2700 K b. 270 K
c. 2700°C d. 900°C
37. For H2O,
TC= 647 K, c. d.

PC = 218 atm,
VC = 0.057 L mol–1.
40. Figure shows two vessels A and B with rigid walls
What is the value of ‘a’ for H2O?
containing ideal gases. The pressure, temperature and
a. 2.12 L2 atm mol–2
the volume are PA, TA and V in the vessel A and PB,
b. 0.019 L2 atm mol–2
TB and V in vessel B. The vessels are now connected
c. 8.31 L2 atm mol–2
through a small tube. P/T value is equal to.
d. 0.082 L2 atm mol–2

Image Based Questions

38. The distribution of molecular kinetic energy at two

temperature is as shown in the following graph: P 1 éê PA PB ùú
a. = +
T 2 êë TA TB úû
P 1 éP P ù
b. = ê A + A ú
T 2 ë TB TB úû
ê

P éP P ù
c. = ê A + B ú
T êë TB TA úû
P éP P ù
d. = ê A + B ú
T ë TA TB úû
ê
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

41. A gas is collected by downward displacement of water.

Select the correct expression for pgas according to figure
(dHg = 13.6 g cm–3)

which of the following conclusion is correct?
A. The number of molecules with energy Ea or greater is
proportional to the shaded area for each temperature
B. The number of molecules with energy Ea or less is
proportional to the shaded area for each temperature
æ h ÷ö
C. The number of molecules with energy Ea is the mean of a. pgas = patm - ççAqueous tension + ÷
çè 13.6 ÷ø
all temperature b. pgas = patm - hdg
D. The graph follows the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy
distribution law æ h ÷ö
c. pgas = patm - ççAqueous tension ´ ÷
a. A,C b. A, B çè 13.6 ÷ø
c. B, D d. B, C d. None of these
 121

42. Which one of the following volume (V)-temperature (T) 43. Identify the process which occur in the above diagram?
plots represents the behaviour of one mole of an ideal
gas at one atmospheric pressure

a.

a. Osmosis of two gases

b. Diffusion of two gases
c. Movement of two gases
d. None of the above
44. An ideal gas of given mass is heated first in a small
b.
vessel (I) and then in a large vessel (II). A plot between
p vs T are plotted for (I) and (II). The correct p-T curves
in I and II conditions is.

a. b.
c.

d. c. d.

States of Matter
 122

NCERT Exemplar
Problems

1.
A person living in Shimla observed that cooking food a. Increases b. Decreases
without using pressure cooker takes more time. The reason c. Remains same d. Becomes half
for this observation is that at high altitude:
8.
Gases possess characteristic critical temperature
a. Pressure increases b. Temperature decreases which depends upon the magnitude of intermolecular
c. Pressure decreases d. Temperature increases forces between the particles. Following are the critical
2.
Which of the following property of water can be used to temperatures of some gases:
explain the spherical shape of rain droplets?
Gases H2 He O2 N2
a. Viscosity b. Surface tension
c. Critical phenomena d. Pressure Critical temperature in
33.2 5.3 154.3 126
Kelvin
3.
A plot of volume (V) versus temperature (T) for a gas at
constant pressure is a straight line passing through the
From the above data what would be the order of
origin. The plots at different values of pressure are shown liquefaction of these gases? Start writing the order from
in figure. Which of the following order of pressure is the gas liquefying first:
correct for this gas? a. H2, He, O2, N2 b. He, O2, H2, N2
c. N2, O2, He, H2 d. O2, N2, H2, He
9.
What is SI unit of viscosity coefficient (η)?
a. Pascal b. Nsm–2 c. km–2 s d. Nm–2
10. Atmospheric pressures recorded in different cities are as
follows:

Cities Shimla Bangalore Delhi Mumbai

P in N/m2 1.01 × 105 1.2 × 105 1.02 × 105 1.21 × 105
a. p1> p2> p3> p4 b. p1 = p2 = p3 = p4
Consider the above data and mark the place at which
c. p1< p2< p3< p4 d. p1< p2 = p3< p4 liquid will boil first:
4.
The interaction energy of London force is inversely a. Shimla b. Bangalore c. Delhi d. Mumbai
proportional to sixth power of the distance between two
11. Which curve in figure represents the curve of ideal gas?
interacting particles but their magnitude depends upon:
a. Charge of interacting particles
b. Mass of interacting particles
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

c. Polarisability of interacting particles

d. Strength of permanent dipoles in the particles
5.
Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules possessing
permanent dipole. Ends of dipoles possess ‘partial charges.
The partial charge is:
a. More than unit electronic charge
b. Equal to unit electronic charge a. Only B b. C and D c. E and F d. A and B
c. Less than unit electronic charge 12. Increase in kinetic energy can overcome intermolecular
d. Double the unit electronic charge forces of attraction. How will the viscosity of liquid be
6.
The pressure of a 1 : 4 mixture of dihydrogen and dioxygen affected by the increase in temperature?
enclosed in a vessel is one atmosphere. What would be the a. Increase
partial pressure of dioxygen? b. No effect
a. 0.8 × 105 atm b. 0.008 Nm–2 c. Decrease
c. 8 × 10 Nm
4 –2
d. 0.25 atm d. No regular pattern will be followed
7.
As the temperature increases, average kinetic energy of 13. How does the surface tension of a liquid vary with increase
molecules increases. What would be the effect of increase in temperature?
of temperature on pressure provided the volume is a. Remains same b. Decreases
constant? c. Increases d. No regular pattern is followed
 123

Assertion & Reason

Directions: These questions consist of two statements each, printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these
questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
A.  If both Assertion and Reason are True and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
B.  If both Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
C.  If Assertion is True but the Reason is False.
D.  If both Assertion and Reason are False.

1. Assertion: The equation PV = nRT is not applicable to 8. Assertion: Helium shows only positive deviation from
real gas. ideal behavior.
Reason: For real gases the attractive forces between the Reason: Helium is a noble gas.
molecules cannot be neglected. 9. Assertion: At very high pressures, compressibility
2. Assertion: Dalton’s law of partial pressure is not factor is greater than 1.
applicable for reactive gases. Reason: At very high pressure, ‘b’ can be neglected in
Reason: The average kinetic energy of a gas is directly Van der Waal’s gas equation.
proportional to the absolute temp. 10. Assertion: The heat absorbed during the isothermal
3. Assertion: The Van der waal’s gas constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ expansion of an ideal gas against vacuum is zero.
depends on nature of gases. Reason: The volume occupied by the molecules of an
Reason: Volume of ideal gas is less than the volume of ideal gas is zero.
real gas. 11. Assertion: Most probable velocity is the velocity
4. Assertion: Universal gas constant is depending on the possessed by maximum fraction of molecules at the
unit of measurement. same temperature.
Reason: Graham’s diffusion law is applicable for non- Reason: On collision, more and more molecules acquire
reacting gases higher velocity at the same temperature.
5. Assertion: The pressure of a fixed amount of an ideal 12. Assertion: Plot of P vs 1/V (volume) is a straight line for
gas is proportional to its temperature. an ideal gas.

States of Matter
Reason: Frequency of collisions does not increase with Reason: Pressure is directly proportional to volume for
temperature. an ideal gas.

6. Assertion: The unit of ‘a’ in Van-der Waal’s 13. Assertion: Reacting gases react to form a new gas having
equation is atom lit2 mol–2. pressure equal to the sum of their partial pressure.

Reason: At relatively high pressure Vander waal’s Reason: Pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting
gases present in a container is equal to the sum of their
equation reduces to
partial pressures.
PVm = RT + Pb
14. Assertion: 1/4th of the initial mole of the air is expelled,
7. Assertion: The value of van der Waal’s constant ‘a’ of if air present in an open vessel is heated from 27°C to
Cl2 is larger than that of F2. 127°C.
Reason: Larger the surface area, higher will be Reason: Rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely
intermolecular forces of attraction. proportional to the square root of its molecular mass.
 124

Answer Key

Self Assessment Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
a b b a d c a a d b a d a d d c b
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
b c d c c c b b c b a a c c b c b
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
a b a c c a d c d d c a b c d a d
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
a d c a a c d c c c a a a a d b a
69 70 71
a c d

Higher Order Questions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
c d c d c a d a b a c a b d c a b
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
b a b b c c a c a c c a d b d d d
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
d a a b a a a c b b

NCERT Exemplar Problems

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
c b c c c c a d b a a c b

Assertion & Reason

Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
a b c b c b a b c b c c b b

Explanations and NCERT References

Self Assessment Questions W

PV = RT
M
1
1. (a) Ideal gas equation, PV = nRT, T ∝
n WRT 9.0 × 0.082 × 300 = 9.0 × 8.2 × 3
∴M
= =
weight ( W ) PV 1× 8.2 1 × 8.2
Where; n = number of moles = = 27 g/mol
molecular weight ( M )
T1 n 2 W2 M1 nRT
= = 3. (b)
= PV nRT
= or P
T2 n1 M 2 W1 V
2. (b) Ideal gas equation is ; PV = nRT 0.60 × 0.0821× 298
= = 4.89 atm
3
 125

4. (a) The vapour density of a gas = 11.2 2.46 × 10

T=
∴ Molecular weight = 2 × vapour density 0.0821
∴ Molecular weight of a gas = 2 × 11.2 = 22.4 g T = 299.6 K
∴ 22.4 g of a gas occupies = 22.4 L volume
12. (d) From ideal gas equation ; d = PM
22.4 RT
∴ 1 g of a gas occupied = ×1 =1L
22.4 ∴ M and R are Constant for a particular gas
5. (d) According to Charle's law P
∴d ∝ , i.e.,
 273 + t  283 T
V= Vo  = Vo ×
t
 273  273 P 2
( a )= = 0.0033
T 600
6. (c) It becomes zero at absolute zero, i.e., – 273.15°C
P 0.5
7. (a) According to Charle's law ( b )= = 0.00183
V V T 273
=
1 2
; V= V1 + 0.1V P 6
T1 T2
2
( c=
) = 0.00549
T 1092
x
T= T1 + T1 P 4
( d )=
2
100 = 0.0080
T 500
V1 V + 0.1V
or = 1 ∴ P/T ratio is highest at 4 atm and 500 K.
T1 T1 + 0.01xT1
∴ Density of CO is maximum at this condition
V1 V (1 + 0.1)
or = 1 13. (a) Ideal gas equation , PV = nRT
T1 T1 (1 + 0.01x )
When V and T are same, P ∝ n
or 1 + 0.01 x = 1.1
Thus; lower the number of moles of gas, lesser the
Hence; x = 10% pressure it will exert. Hence,
8. (a) According to charle's law weight 8.0355
= (a ) n =
V = KT on differentiating at constant pressure molecular weight 71
 dV  = 0.113 mol
  =K
 dT  P
0.071
P1V1
(b) n = = 1× 10−3 mol
9. (d) Here; =
T2 2T, and=P2 = V 71
2 number of molecular 6.012 × 1021
PV T =(c) n =
Final volume ∴ V2 = 1 1 × 2 NA 6.022 × 1023
T1 P2
= 0.01 mol
P V 2T1 (d) n = 0.02 mol
V2 = 1 × =4V

States of Matter
T1 P1 / 2
Thus; 8.0355 g chlorine will exert the least pressure in
V V the vessel.
10. (b) 1 = 2 V 1
T1 T2 14. (d) Rate of diffusion = r ∝ ∝
t M
V1
Initial fraction = 1 when temp. is 27°C VH nH M O2
V2 ⇒ 2 = 2 =
V1 300 3 VO2 n O2 M H2
At 127°C , the new fraction is = =
V2 400 4
Thus; WH2 M O2 MO
3 4−3 1 × =2
∴ Air expelled = 1=
− = M H2 WH2 M H2
4 4 4
11. (a) 28 g N2 = 1 mol of N2 2
2 32 32
= = , 4
Applying, PV = nRT w 2 w
32
2.46 × 10 = 1 × 0.0821 × T =8g
 126

1 22. (c) Volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas at 273 K and 1 atm

15. (d) Rate of diffusion ∝ is 22.42. Volume at 373 K and 1 atm P will be-
d
RT 0.082 × 373
rA d 1 d B 16 d B V
= = = 30.6 L
=B ⇒ == P 1
rB dA 4 dA 1 dA 23. (c) The molar volume of CO2 at 127°C and 1 atm is
dA 1 nRT 1× 0.082 × 400
= = = = 32.8 L
d B 16 P 1
16. (c) According to Graham's law of diffusion. PV 9 PV
24. (b)=
Apply n = or
ro2 RT M RT
M He 4 2
= = = 1× 8.2 9 9
rHe M o2 32 5.65 = or =
M = 27
1
0.082 × 300 M
3
∴ ro2 = 0.35rHe
25. (b) PV = nRT
rHe M CH4 16 4 2 W
17. (b) = = = = PV = RT
rCH4 M He 4 1 1 M

18. (b) From Graham's diffusion law WRT

∴M =
PV
r1 M2 VHe t 2 M2
=
r2 M1
or = ×
t He V2 M He ( 0.30g ) ( 0.0820 L atm K −1Mol−1 ) ( 300 K )
=
( 3atm ) (82.0 ×10−3 L )
∴ Volume is same and t2 = 3t ,
= 30
3
= M2 M2
⇒= 9 26. (c) It is called Boltzmann constant
1 4 4
P1V1 P2 V2
M2 = 9 × 4 = 36 u 27. (b) =
T1 T2
19. (c) PV = nRT
600 × P1 × 5
WRT dRT V
=2 or Vfinal = 5L
=P = 2P1 × 300
MV M 28. (a) PV = nRT
PA d A M B 2 2 4 Let the atomic weight be A
= × = × =
PB d B M A 1 1 1 350 1
2× = × 0.0821× 273
m 1000 2A
moles of CH4, m moles of H2
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

20. (d)
16 2 224
A
= = 16
m m 9m 14
Total no. of moles = + = moles 16
16 2 16 Mass of one atom = g
m NA
8 8
X H2= 2 = , P = ×P 29. (a) PV = nRT. Hence; PV = 1/2 mNu2 does not represent
9m 9 H2 9 total an ideal gas equation.
16
30. (c) According to gas equation.
r1 M2 1 nR
21. (c) = PV = nRT or =
r2 M1 T VP
Molecular mass of N2O = 28 + 16 = 44 1 1 × 0.082 1
= or T
= ≈ 12 K
T 1× 1 0.082
Molecular mass of CO2 = 12 + 32 = 44
P nR
rN2 O 31. (c) PV = nRT ∴ =
=1 T V
rCO2
32. (b) Apply boyles law.
rN2 O = rCO2 P 1 V1 = P2 V2
 127

1 × 2.27 = 0.2 × V2
3RTo2 3R × 303
V2 = 11.35 L The RMS velocity of O2 = =
M O2 32
So, volume at 0.2 bar P = 11.35 L 3RTSO2 3R × 303
=
Since, the balloon bursts at 0.2 bar P, the volume of 64 32
balloon should be less than 11.35 L. 303 × 64
TSO2
= = 606 K
33. (c) n = 1 + 2 = 3 mole 32
∴ Volume of 3 mole gas at NTP = 3 × 22.4 43. (d) More easily liquefied gases (i.e., gases having higher
V = 67.2 L critical temperature) are readily adsorbed, van der waal's
forces are stronger near the critical temperatures.
V1 V2 273 V2
34. (b) = ⇒ = ⇒ V2 = 300 mL So; adsorption of CO2 will be highest.
T1 T2 273 300
3P
35. (a) n1T1= n2T2 44. (d) The RMS velocity of a gas =
d
 1
⇒ 1× 300 = 1 −  × T2 Given ; P = 1.2 × 105 Nm–2 ; d = 4kg m–3
 5
300 × 5 3 ×1.2 ×105 9 × 104
∴= T2 = 375 K ∴V
=rms = 0.9 ×10=
5

4 4
n dRT 3 × 102 = 300 m/sec
36. (b) PV = nRT or
= P = RT
V M 3R × 300
45. (c) Vrms (H2) = = 1.9 ×103 m
dA d 1.5 M 2 sec
= B ⇒ = ⇒ MB = M
Ma MB 1 MB 1.5
3R ×1200 1 3R × 300
37. (a) PV = nRT =
32 2 2
∴= PV (1atm ) × (1L )
T = = 12.2 K 1
nR 1( mol ) × 0.082 = × Vrms ( H 2 )
2
38. (c) The value of gas depends upon unit of measurement. 1 

=  ×1.9 ×103  m = 0.95 ×103 m
39. (c) JK mol Kinetic Molecular theory of Gases
–1 –1
 2  sec sec

3 46. (a) At a constant temperature, K.E. remains unchanged.

40. (a) K.E. = nRT
2 47. (b) K.E. = 3/2 RT
( K.E.)H n H2 48. (c) Average kinetic energy of a gas depends only upon
∴ 2
= at T ( K )
( K.E.)o n O2 absolute temperature.
2

49. (d) K.E. of a gas is independent of mass and depends

3 32 upon temperature
× 12 :1
=
2 4
50. (a) Average velocity ; Vav = 8RT

States of Matter
41. (d) Root mean square velocity πm
Vav ∝ T

3RT
u= V1 T1
M =
V2 T2
3PV 3PV  PV 
= =
∴ RT  when temperature is doubled; T2 = 2T,
Mn m  n 
M×
M V1 T1
=
3PV 3P V2 2T1
=
m d V2
= 2V1 1.4 V1
=
Thus; at constant pressure u ∝ 1 2
d 51. (d) Most probable velocity = × RMS velocity
3
3RTSO2 3RTSO2 2
42. (c) The RMS velocity of SO2 = = 300
= × RMS velocity
MSO2 64 3
 128

where b is volume correction. It raised due to effect size

3 × 300
RMS =
velocity = 367 m/sec volume.
2
60. (c) At low pressure and high temperature, real gases
3RT 8RT 2RT behave ideally.
52. (a) v rms : v avg : v mp ⇒ : :
M πM M 61. (c) A gas can be liquefied only when its temperature is
below its critical temperature. This is because at critical
53. (d) Easily liquefiable gases like NH3, SO2 etc,. exhibit temperature no distinction exists between the gaseous
maximum deviation from ideal gas as for them Z<<<1. and liquid state and hence; no separate phase is formed.
CH4 also exhibits deviation but it is less as compared to
NH3, but permanent gases like H2, N2 cannot liquefied; a
62. (a) Boyle's temperature; Tb =
thus show no deviation. Rb
54. (c) Vander waal's equation for 1 mole of a gas is Boyle's temperature (Tb) is the temperature at which a real
 a  gas tend to behave ideally over a wide range of pressure.
 P + 2  (V − b) =
RT
 V  a  ∂ ( PV ) 
a Tb
= =  
If a is negligible. P + 2 ≈ P R.b  ∂P  limit p→0
V
P(V-b) = RT At this temperature the effect of size of molecular and
intermolecular forces roughly compensate each other.
PV – Pb = RT or PV − Pb =
1
RT RT an 2
PV Pb 63. (a) is pressure correction.
= 1+ V2
RT RT
64. (a) Water fills a smaller volume when it is liquid rather
55. (a) A gas can be liquified by cooling or compressing it than solid, it will go to a lower melting point, on increasing
only, when its temperature is below critical temperature. pressure, allowing more solid to become liquid.
Gases which cannot be liquefied by the action of 65. (a) Surface tension of H2O is maximum due to maximum
pressure and cooling are the gases which have high hydrogen bonding in comparison to C6H6, CH3OH,
critical temperatures (such as Cl2, NH3 , CO2 , SO2 etc). C2H5OH
Vobs (Benzene does not form H-bonding).
56. (a) Compressibility factor; Z =
Vcalc 66. (d) The vapour pressure of water is least because of
strong intermolecular H-bonding in water molecules.
For ideal gas, Vobs = Vcal ; So Z = 1
67. (b) During evaporation, molecules with high energy
57. (c) The temperature at which real gas behaves like ideal leave the surface of the liquid. As a result, average K.E.
gas and obeys the gas laws over a wide range of pressure of liquid decreases
is called boyle temperature "Tb"
K.E. ∝ T
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

a
Tb = ∴ Temperature of liquid falls.
Rb
68. (a) Surface tension is determined by single capillary
Where; "a" and "b" are van der waal's constant. method.
58. (d) At high pressures, the pressure correction for 1 mole 69. (a) Surface tension of a liquid decreases with increase
of a gas is negligible. in temperature. As the temperature increase, the
a kinetic energy of the molecules increase and hence,
∴ 0
=
V2 intermolecular attraction decreases which in turn
However; the volume correction cannot be neglected. decreases the surface tension.

Hence; vander waal's equation reduces to

70. (c)
=
rhdg
T =
( 4 × 10 ) ( 0.04 )( 9.8)
−4

(P + 0) (V – b) = RT(for 1 mole) 2 2
PV – Pb = RT (r = 0.4 mm ≈ 4 × 10-4m)
PV = RT + Pb = 4 × 10–4 × 0.04 × 400 × 9.8
59. (c) Vander waal's equation for one mole of a gas = 4 × 4 × 4 × 98 × 10–5 = 16 × 4 × 98 × 10–5

 a  = 6.3 × 10–2 Nm–1

 P + 2  (V − b) =
RT
71. (d) H2 is first distilled as it has minimum boiling point.
 V 
 129

Higher Order Questions For Chamber A

PV = nRT
rH2 n H2 MO 2
1. (c) = PV = (0.35 × x) × R × 400
rO2 n O2 MH 2
PV
= (0.35 × x) .....(2)
rH2 8 32 400 R
= = 32 :1 These are number of gaseous moles in A
rO2 1 2
For Chamber B
2. (d) Given: TAMB = TBMA
PV = nRT
T TB
∴ A = PV = (0.35 + x) × R × 300
MA MB
PV
3RT = (0.35 + x) ......(3)
R.M.S of A = A 300 R
MA Number of gaseous moles in B
3RT From 1, 2 and 3
R.M.S of B =
MB 0.5 × 2V PV PV
= +
TA T 300 R 400 R 300 R
Since, = B
MA MB 0.5 × 2V PV  1 1 
=  + 
∴ Both gases A & B have same R.M.S 300 R R  400 300 

3. (c) Apply, PV = nRT 1  700 

= P 
300  400 × 300 
P = 1 atm
n 1 400 × 300
Concentration   = 1mol ltr −1 P =× 0.5714 atm
=
V 300 700
n To calculate number of gaseous moles in each flask:
P= ×R×T
v From equation 1 and 2
1 = 1 × 0.0821 × T 0.5 × 2 V
= 0.70
1 R × 300
=T = 12.18 K
0.0821 0.5 × 2V
=R
300 × 0.70
Placing the value of R in equation 2:
4. (d)
PV
= (0.35 − x)
Number of moles in flask A = 0.35 400 R
0.5714 × V
Number of moles in flask B = 0.35 × 300 × 0.70 = 0.35 − x
400 × 0.5 × 2 V

States of Matter
(Since, total moles are 0.70 and equal volumes of flask
are these with rest all things constant) 0.5714 × 0.75
× 0.70 = 0.35 − x
0.5 × 2
0.5714 × 0.75 × 0.70 = 0.35 – x
0.3 = 0.35 – x
x = 0.35 – 0.3
Number of moles in A = 0.35 x x = 0.05
Number of moles in B = 0.35 + x Number of gases moles in flask A = 0.35 – x
Initially, apply = 0.35 – 0.05
PV = nRT = 0.30
0.5 × 2V = 0.70 × R × 300 Number of gaseous moles in flask B = 0.35 + x
0.5 × 2V = 0.35 + 0.05
= 0.70 ......(1)
R × 300 = 0.40
 130

5. (c) Greater the value of Vander Waal's constant ‘a’, PA

greater are the intermolecular forces of attraction and 250 P= 100 PA + 150 ×
20
greater is the ease of liquefaction.
107.5
6. (a) Reaction given is: =P = PA 0.43PA
250
2KOH + CO2 → K2CO3 + H2O PA − 0.43PA
Percentage decrease in
= pressure × 100
15 PA
Number of moles of KOH = moles
56 = 57%
15 11. (c) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
Number of moles of CO2 required to absorb = moles
56 (g) (g) (g)
1 15 15
of KOH = × = 1 mole H2 is left
2 56 112
Apply, PV = nRT (for CO2) Since water is added, NH3 will get dissolved in water

15 Number of gaseous moles left = 1 mole of H2

1× V = × 0.0821× 295= 3.24 L
112 Since 5L water is added, 1 mole of H2 will have 10L
available volume. So, P developed in the flask is:
7. (d) Apply, PV = nRT
PV = nRT
P × 2 = 0.0788 × 0.0821 × 299
P × 10 = 1 × 0.0821 × 300
0.0788 × 0.0821× 299
=PH2 = 0.961 1× 0.0821× 300
2 P=
10
PH = PTotal XH 12. (a) 2X + 3Y → Z
2 2
0.967 = 1 × XH (g) (g) (g)
2
XH = 0.967 At t = 0 2 3 0
2
8. (a) Apply, At t = t 3-2 0 1
PV = nRT One mole of X and one mole of Z are left but Z forms a
20 basic solution in H2O.
P × 0.75 = × 0.0821× 298
44 So, number of gaseous moles left = 1
20 0.0821 489.316 Available volume = 15 – 5 =10 L
P= × × 298 = =14.82 atm
44 0.75 33
(⸪ 5L volume is occupied by water)
9. (b) Apply, Apply, PV = nRT
Pv = nRT P × 10 = 1 × 0.0821 × 300
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

8.8 P = 2.46 atm

P × 8.2 = × 0.0821× 300
44 13. (b) H2 = 1 mole
P = 0.6 atm
O2 = 1/3 mole
Since the container was open, air must be trapped inside
Apply,
so final P = 0.6 + 1 = 1.6 atm
4
10. (a) Before opening the stopcock: P×V = ×R×T .....(1)
3
PA × 100 = nA × R × T .....(1)
1
PB × 150 = nB ×R × T ......(2) P ' × V = × R × T .....(2)
3
After opening the stop cock-
P 4
=
P × 250 = (nA + nB) × R × T P' 1
 100PA 150PB  P
250 P =  + × RT P' =
 RT RT  4

250 P = 100 PA + 150 PB 14. (d) Isochoric curve is plotted between P & T.
Given : PA = 20 PB P (V–b) = RT
 131

R → Balloons will be filled till P inside the cylinder is

P
= ×T + 0 1 atm
V−b
↓ ↓ Apply, PV = nRT
y m x + C 1 × 2.82 = n × 0.0821 × 300
R n = 0.114
Slope =
V−b ∴ Number of moles of gas transferred in balloons
P (V–b) = RT = 2.28 – 0.114 = 2.166
Isobaric curve is plotted between V and T Apply,
PV – Pb = RT PV = nRT (for balloon)
PV = RT + Pb 1 × 4.851 = n × 0.0821 × 273
RT Pb n = 0.216
V
= +
P P 0.216 moles of H2 are filled in balloon = 1
RT 1
V
= +b 2.166 moles of H2 are filled in balloon = × 2.166
P 0.216
↓ ↓ ↓ = 10
y mx + C 18. (b) Avg velA = RMSB
R
∴ Slope
= , Intercept
= b 8RT 3RT
P =
πM A MB
15. (c) Since P is constant and volume of container is also
constant. 8 3
=
πM A MB
∴ n1T1 = n2T2
1 Squaring both sides -
n1 × 300 = n1 × T2 8 3
3 =
πM A M B
900 K = T2
2 8 MA
(n2 i.e., mole left inside the container are = n1 − n1 ) =
3 3π M B
16. (a) Apply, n1T1 = n2T2 ∴ MB > MA
 2 
 n 2 + n 2  × 300 =n 2 × T2 We wish,
 3 
Av. velA = Av. velB
5n 2
× 300 =n 2 × T2 8RTA 8RTB
3 =
MA MB
500 K = T2

States of Matter
Since, MB > MA, ∴ either TB should be raised or TA be
17. (b) For gas inside the cylinder:
lowered to make them equal
P = 20 atm
19. (a) Apply Charle’s law-
T = 300 K
For outer balloon
V = 2.82 L Vl V2
=
Apply, PV = nRT T1 T2
20 × 2.82 = n × 0.0821 × 300
1500 1800
n = 2.28 moles =
300 T2
3
4 4 22  21 
Volume of balloon = πr 3 = × ×   = 4851 cm3 T2 = 360K
3 3 7  2
Outer balloon will reach its maximum volume at 360K
Gas will keep on coming out and balloons will get
and burst beyond it.
spontaneously filled until an equilibrium in pressure is
not developed. For inner balloon:
 132

V1 V2 n 1
= =
T1 T2 n 8
600 800 Fraction of O2 escaped
= 23. (c) Pi = P, Vi = 30 L, Ti = 20 + 273 = 293 K
300 T2
T = 400K Pf = 2P, Vf = ? ; Tf = 100 + 273 = 373 K
Inner balloon will reach its maximum volume at 400K Since, the number of moles of gas are constant we can apply,
and burst beyond it. So, on gradual heating outer balloon P1V1 P2 V2 P × 30 2P × V
= ⇒ =
will burst first. T1 T2 293 373
ro2 n o2 m CH4 30 373
20. (b) = × = ν = 19.09 L
rcu 4 n cu 4 m o2 293 2
w o2 24. (a) M. mass of CO = 28 amu
ro2 16
= 32 M. mass of B2H6 = 28 amu
rCH4 w CH4 32
M. mass of H2 = 2 amu
16
M. mass of CH4 = 16 amu
ro2 w o2 16 16
= ×
rCH4 32 w CH4 32 When hole is created in the container, rate of diffusion
w o2 3 of H2 will be maximum (because its molar mass is least)
∴ = ( given ) So, rates of diffusion will follow the order:
w CH4 2
CH2 > CCH4 > CCO = rB2 H6
ro2 3 16 16
∴ =× Hence, partial pressure of gases inside the container will
rCH4 2 32 32
follow the order
ro2 3
∴ = PCO = PB2 H6 > PCH4 > PH2
rCH4 4 2

25. (c) Given that:
nt m2
21. (b) 1 2 = 3RTH2 3RTN2  3RT 
n 2 t1 m1 = =7  because U rms 
2 28  M 
w1 m 2 m
× =2 3RTH2 3 × RTN2
m1 w 2 m1 So 7
=× ∴TN2 = 2TH2 or TN2 > TH2
2 28
w1 4 V
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

= ⇒ w1 = 1 g 26. (a) = constant ( k )

4 64 T
nR
22. (c) Let number of moles of each gas = n log V = log T + log k where K =
P
n For 2 graph
H 2 escaped =
2 nR
Suppose number of moles of O2 diffused in same time log = 0= log 1
P
= n moles
nR
rO2 m H2 = 1= ( R P ) or= n 1 mol
= P
rH2 m O2 for 1 graph
n nR
=log log
= 3 or n 3 mol
t = 2 P
n 32 for 3 graph
2 nR 1
log = − log 2 =log
t P 2
2n 1 1
= n= mol
n 4 2
 133

27. (c) According to kinetic theory of gases, volume of 1

an ideal gas molecule and molecular attraction forces And, p A2 = × Pi .......(3)
5
between ideal gas molecules are taken to be zero.
According to kinetic theory of gases, average kinetic From equations (1), (2) and (3),
energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the 2n P n n 5
absolute temperature of the gas. x= ∴ i = = =
5 Pf n − x n − n 4
28. (c) The gas which shows higher value of 'a' will have 2 5
higher value of critical temperature as vander Waals'  x 
constant 'a' is directly proportional to critical temperature  2  n/5
X A2  =
=  = 0.25
8a
i.e. TC =  n − x  4n / 5
27 Rb  2
a x 2n / 5
29. (a)  P + 2  ( V − b ) =
RT % dimerisation = × 100 = × 100 =40%
 V  n n
 a  RT Mol. mass of A = 10–22 × 6 × 1023 = 60 amu
P + 2  =
 V  V−b n A × M A + n A2 × M A2
∴ M avg. =
RT a n A + n A2
=P −
V − b V2
3n n
'V ' × 60 + × 120
Multiplying on both sides- = =5 5 75amu
RT 3n n
+
PV RT V a V 5 5
= × − 2×
RT V − b RT V RT 3 × 16.42
31. (b) Moles
= of H 2 = 2
V a 0.0821× 300
=Z −
V − b RTV 6 × 16.42
Moles
= of D 2 = 4
a 0.0821× 300
Boyles temp., T =
Rb 2 × 2 + 4 × 4 10
=
Average molecular weight =
V a × Rb V b 4+2 3
=Z − ⇒=Z −
V − b R ×a×V V−b V 32. (d) Equal volumes of all the gases under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal
2
V − bV + b V (V − b) + b
2 2
Z= ⇒ Z= number of molecules.
V (V − b) V (V − b)
33. (d) At constant temperature, decrease in molecular mass
V (V − b) b 2
b 2 causes flattening of the graph. For same molecular mass
=Z + ⇒ Z= 1 + of gas, increase in temperature causes flattening of the
V (V − b) V (V − b) V (V − b)
graph.

States of Matter
(Vmp)T1 < (Vmp)T2
30. (d) 2A → A2
t=0 n 0 34. (d) Kinetic energy ∝ Absolute temperature.
t=t n–x x/2 1 1
35. (d) Rate of diffusion ∝ ∝
d M
P P
∴ P ∝ moles ∴ i = f ....(1)
n n−x 3RT
2 36. (a) v rms =
M
Also, from Dalton's law, p A2 = X A2 × Pf ∴ p A2 x 300
∴ = ⇒ T=
2 2700 K
3x T2
 x 
  37. (a) a = 3pC VC2
=  2  × Pf ......(2)
 n − x  = 3 × 218 × (0.057)2
 2 = 2.12 L2 atm mol–2
 134

NCERT Exemplar Problems 8. (d) Higher the critical temperature, more easily is the gas
liquified. Hence, order of liquefaction starting with the
1. (c) Pressure at the top of a mountain [or at high altitude] gas liquefying first will be O2, N2, H2, He.
is low. This suggests that boiling takes place at lower
Note : Critical temperature of a gas may be defined
temperature, due to which things take more time to boil.
as that temperature above which it cannot be liquified
However, in a pressure cooker, pressure is increased and howsoever high pressure may be applied on the gas.
hence, boiling point increases. Thus, things comes to
9. (b) The SI unit of viscosity coefficient (η) is Nm–2 s or Nsm–2.
boil in a pressure cooker in a less period of time.
dv
As we know that, f = ηA
2. (b) The spherical shape of rain droplets is due to surface dx
tension. The lowest energy state of a liquid will be when
the surface area is minimum. Surface tension tries to where, f = force
decrease the surface area of the liquid to the minimum. η = viscosity coefficient
The rain droplets are spherical because for a given dv
volume, a sphere has minimum surface area. = velocity gradient dx
dx
3. (c) At a particular temperature,
Substitute SI units of f = N, dx = m, A = m2 and v = ms–1
pV = constant in above equation, to get,
Thus, p1V1 = p2V2 = p3V3 = p4V4 N ×m
=η = Nm −2 s
As V1 > V2 > V3 > V4 m × ms −1
2

Hence, the S.I unit of η is Nm–2s

Therefore, P1 < P2 < P3 < P4
10. (a) Shimla has the lowest atmospheric pressure among
3. (c) London dispersion forces operate only over very all the four cities. Thus, at Shimla liquid will boil first
short distance. The energy of interaction varies as because lower the atmospheric pressure, lower is the
1 boiling point.
( distance between two interating particles )
6
11. (a) For ideal gas pV = constant at all pressures. Therefore,
only B represents ideal gas.
Large or more complex are the molecules, greater is the
magnitude of London forces. This is obviously due to 12. (c) With increase of temperature, the kinetic energy of the
the fact that the large electron clouds are easily distorted molecules of liquid increases which can overcome the
or polarised. intermolecular forces. Hence, the liquid starts flowing.
In other words the viscosity of a liquid decreases with
Hence, greater the polarisability of the interacting
increase in temperature. It has been found that the
particles, greater is the magnitude, of the interaction
decrease is about 2% per degree rise in temperature.
energy.
13. (b) The surface tension of liquids generally decreases
5. (c) Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules
Objective NCERT Gear Up Chemistry

with increase of temperature and becomes zero at the

possessing permanent dipole and ends of dipoles possess critical temperature. The decrease in surface tension
‘partial charges’. Partial charges present on ends of a with increase of temperature is obviously due to the fact
dipole are always less than the unit electronic charge. that with increase of temperature, the kinetic energy of
6. (c) Given that pressure of a 1 : 4 mixture of H2 and O2 the molecules increases and therefore, the intermolecular
enclosed in a vessel is one atmosphere. This suggests attraction decreases.
that the molar ratio of H2 and O2 is 1 : 4. Thus, partial Note: Surface tension of a liquid is defined as the force
pressure of dioxygen (O2) is given as acting at right angles to the surface along one centimeter
∴ Partial pressure of O2 = Mole fraction of O2 × total length of the surface. Units of surface tension are dyne
pressure of mixture per cm.
4 4 Assertion & Reason
= × 1 = × 1 atm
1+ 4 5
1. (a) Volume occupied by gas modules is not negligibly
= 0.8 atm = 0.8 × 105 Nm–2 = 8 × 104 Nm–2 small with respect to total volume of gas
7. (a) As the temperature increases, average kinetic 2. (b) Dalton’s law of partial pressure is not applicable
energy of molecules increases. From Gay-Lussac’s law, to reactive gases as it is assured to have no forces of
at constant volume, as the temperature is increased, attraction between molecules i.e., molecules in mixture
pressure increases. of gases act independently
 135

3. (c) Volume of ideal gas is greater than the real gas. Van statement would be because there is very less forces
der waal’s gas constants a, b depend upon nature of gas. of attraction between the helium molecules causing
positive deviation.
4. (b) R = PV/nT. Hence value of R depends on units in
which, PV and T are measured. 9. (c) The first statement is correct, as the compressibility
factor is higher than one at high pressures. The constant
5. (c) According to Gay-Lussac’s law, pressure of fixed
‘b’ denotes the volume of the molecules which cannot be
amount of gas vary directly with temperature, frequency neglected at high pressures when the total volume of the
of collisions increase with temp increase. gas will be low, and hence the volume of the molecules
an 2 will be very important,
6. (b) Pideal= Preal + atm L2/mol2 = unit of a
v2 10. (b) During isothermal expansion, there is no exchange
of heat between the gas and surroundings.
7. (a) The value of the constant ‘a’ denotes the strength
11. (c) The velocity of molecules of gas only depends on the
of the intermolecular forces of attraction. Greater is the temperature.
surface area, greater will be the intermolecular forces
(Van der Waal’s forces). This means, chlorine, being 12. (c) Pressure is inversely proportional to volume of gas at
larger, will have greater forces and a higher value of ‘a’. constant temperature.
8. (b) Hydrogen and helium are exceptions to show 13. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is
positive deviations from ideal gas behavior at pressures not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
where most gases show negative deviation. Helium is
also the first noble gas. But there is no relation between 14. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is
these two statements. The correct reason for the first not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

States of Matter
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