Solution Manual for Java How to Program Early

Objects
10th Edition Deitel 0133807800
9780133807806
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Self-Review Exercises 2

Self-Review Exercises
2.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) A(n) begins the body of every method, and a(n) ends the body of
every method.
ANS: left brace ({), right brace (} ).
b) You can use the statement to make decisions.
ANS: if.
c) begins an end-of-line comment.
ANS: //.
d) , and are called white space.
ANS: Space characters, newlines and tabs.
e) are reserved for use by Java.
ANS: Keywords.
f) Java applications begin execution at method .
ANS: main.
g) Methods , and display information in a command win-
dow.
ANS: [Link], [Link] and [Link].
2.2 State whether each of the following is true or false. If false, explain why.
a) Comments cause the computer to print the text after the // on the screen when the pro-
gram executes.
ANS: False. Comments do not cause any action to be performed when the program exe-
cutes. They’re used to document programs and improve their readability.
b) All variables must be given a type when they’re declared.
ANS: True.
c) Java considers the variables number and NuMbEr to be identical.
ANS: False. Java is case sensitive, so these variables are distinct.
d) The remainder operator (%) can be used only with integer operands.
ANS: False. The remainder operator can also be used with noninteger operands in Java.
e) The arithmetic operators *, /, %, + and - all have the same level of precedence.
ANS: False. The operators *, / and % are higher precedence than operators + and -.
2.3 Write statements to accomplish each of the following tasks:
a) Declare variables c, thisIsAVariable, q76354 and number to be of type int.
ANS: int c, thisIsAVariable, q76354, number;
or
int c;
int thisIsAVariable;
int q76354;
int number;
b) Prompt the user to enter an integer.
ANS: [Link]("Enter an integer: ");
c) Input an integer and assign the result to int variable value. Assume Scanner variable
input can be used to read a value from the keyboard.
ANS: value = [Link]();
d) Print "This is a Java program" on one line in the command window. Use method
[Link].
ANS: [Link]("This is a Java program");
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3 Chapter 2 Introduction to Java Applications; Input/Output and Operators

e) Print "This is a Java program" on two lines in the command window. The first line
should end with Java. Use method [Link] and two %s format specifiers.
ANS: [Link]("%s%n%s%n", "This is a Java", "program");
f) If the variable number is not equal to 7, display "The variable number is not equal to 7".
ANS: if (number != 7)
[Link]("The variable number is not equal to 7");

2.4 Identify and correct the errors in each of the following statements:
a) if (c < 7);
[Link]("c is less than 7");
ANS: Error: Semicolon after the right parenthesis of the condition (c < 7) in the if.
Correction: Remove the semicolon after the right parenthesis. [Note: As a result, the
output statement will execute regardless of whether the condition in the if is true.]
b) if (c => 7)
[Link]("c is equal to or greater than 7");
ANS: Error: The relational operator => is incorrect. Correction: Change => to >=.
2.5 Write declarations, statements or comments that accomplish each of the following tasks:
a) State that a program will calculate the product of three integers.
ANS: // Calculate the product of three integers
b) Create a Scanner called input that reads values from the standard input.
ANS: Scanner input = new Scanner([Link]);
c) Declare the variables x, y, z and result to be of type int.
ANS: int x, y, z, result;
or
int x;
int y;
int z;
int result;
d) Prompt the user to enter the first integer.
ANS: [Link]("Enter first integer: ");
e) Read the first integer from the user and store it in the variable x.
ANS: x = [Link]();
f) Prompt the user to enter the second integer.
ANS: [Link]("Enter second integer: ");
g) Read the second integer from the user and store it in the variable y.
ANS: y = [Link]();
h) Prompt the user to enter the third integer.
ANS: [Link]("Enter third integer: ");
i) Read the third integer from the user and store it in the variable z.
ANS: z = [Link]();
j) Compute the product of the three integers contained in variables x, y and z, and assign
the result to the variable result.
ANS: result = x * y * z;
k) Use [Link] to display the message "Product is" followed by the value of
the variable result.
ANS: [Link]("Product is %d%n", result);
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Exercises 4

2.6 Using the statements you wrote in Exercise 2.5, write a complete program that calculates
and prints the product of three integers.
ANS:

1 // Ex. 2.6: [Link]

2 // Calculate the product of three integers.
3 import [Link]; // program uses Scanner
4
5 public class Product
6 {
7 public static void main(String[] args)
8 {
9 // create Scanner to obtain input from command window
10 Scanner input = new Scanner([Link]);
11
12 int x; // first number input by user
13 int y; // second number input by user
14 int z; // third number input by user
15 int result; // product of numbers
16
17 [Link]("Enter first integer: "); // prompt for input
18 x = [Link](); // read first integer
19
20 [Link]("Enter second integer: "); // prompt for input
21 y = [Link](); // read second integer
22
23 [Link]("Enter third integer: "); // prompt for input
24 z = [Link](); // read third integer
25
26 result = x * y * z; // calculate product of numbers
27
28 [Link]("Product is %d%n", result);
29 } // end method main
30 } // end class Product

Enter first integer: 10

Enter second integer: 20
Enter third integer: 30
Product is 6000

Exercises
NOTE: Solutions to the programming exercises are located in the ch02solutions folder.
Each exercise has its own folder named ex02_## where ## is a two-digit number represent-
ing the exercise number. For example, exercise 2.14’s solution is located in the folder
ex02_14.
2.7 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) are used to document a program and improve its readability.
ANS: Comments.
b) A decision can be made in a Java program with a(n) .
ANS: if statement.
c) Calculations are normally performed by statements.
ANS: assignment statements.
d) The arithmetic operators with the same precedence as multiplication are and
.
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5 Chapter 2 Introduction to Java Applications; Input/Output and Operators

ANS: division (/), remainder (%)

e) When parentheses in an arithmetic expression are nested, the set of paren-
theses is evaluated first.
ANS: innermost.
f) A location in the computer’s memory that may contain different values at various times
throughout the execution of a program is called a(n) .
ANS: variable.
2.8 Write Java statements that accomplish each of the following tasks:
a) Display the message "Enter an integer: ", leaving the cursor on the same line.
ANS: [Link]( "Enter an integer: " );
b) Assign the product of variables b and c to variable a.
ANS: a = b * c;
c) Use a comment to state that a program performs a sample payroll calculation.
ANS: // This program performs a simple payroll calculation.
2.9 State whether each of the following is true or false. If false, explain why.
a) Java operators are evaluated from left to right.
ANS: False. Some operators (e.g., assignment, =) evaluate from right to left.
b) The following are all valid variable names: _under_bar_, m928134, t5, j7, her_sales$,
his_$account_total, a, b$, c, z and z2.
ANS: True.
c) A valid Java arithmetic expression with no parentheses is evaluated from left to right.
ANS: False. The expression is evaluated according to operator precedence.
d) The following are all invalid variable names: 3g, 87, 67h2, h22 and 2h.
ANS: False. Identifier h22 is a valid variable name.
2.10 Assuming that x = 2 and y = 3, what does each of the following statements display?
a) [Link]("x = %d%n", x);
ANS: x = 2
b) [Link]("Value of %d + %d is %d%n", x, x, (x + x));
ANS: Value of 2 + 2 is 4
c) [Link]("x =");
ANS: x =
d) [Link]("%d = %d%n", (x + y), (y + x));
ANS: 5 = 5
2.11 Which of the following Java statements contain variables whose values are modified?
a) p = i + j + k + 7;
b) [Link]("variables whose values are modified");
c) [Link]("a = 5");
d) value = [Link]();
ANS: (a), (d).
2.12 Given that y = ax3 + 7, which of the following are correct Java statements for this equation?
a) y = a * x * x * x + 7;
b) y = a * x * x * (x + 7);
c) y = (a * x) * x * (x + 7);
d) y = (a * x) * x * x + 7;
e) y = a * (x * x * x) + 7;
f) y = a * x * (x * x + 7);
ANS: (a), (d), (e)
2.13 State the order of evaluation of the operators in each of the following Java statements, and
show the value of x after each statement is performed:
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Exercises 6

a) x = 7 + 3 * 6 / 2 - 1;
ANS: *, /, +, -; Value of x is 15.
b) x = 2 % 2 + 2 * 2 - 2 / 2;
ANS: %, *, /, +, -; Value of x is 3.
c) x = (3 * 9 * (3 + (9 * 3 / (3))));
ANS: x = ( 3 * 9 * ( 3 + ( 9 * 3 / ( 3 ) ) ) );
4 5 3 1 2
Value of x is 324.
2.19 What does the following code print?
[Link]("*%n**%n***%n****%n*****%n");

ANS:

*
**
***
****
*****

2.20 What does the following code print?

[Link]("*");
[Link]("***");
[Link]("*****");
[Link]("****");
[Link]("**");

ANS:

*
***
*****
****
**

2.21 What does the following code print?

[Link]("*");
[Link]("***");
[Link]("*****");
[Link]("****");
[Link]("**");

ANS:

***************

2.22 What does the following code print?

[Link]("*");
[Link]("***");
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jhtp_02_IntroToApplications.FM Page 8 Sunday, May 18, 2014 9:41 PM

7 Chapter 2 Introduction to Java Applications; Input/Output and Operators

[Link]("*****");
[Link]("****");
[Link]("**");

ANS:

****
*****
******

2.23 What does the following code print?

[Link]("%s%n%s%n%s%n", "*", "***", "*****");

ANS:

*
***
*****