The Perceptions, Motivations, and Challenges of Grade 10 Students in Choosing the STEM

Strand

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Practical Research I

PROPONENTS

ARAGONA, MA. ANGELICA L.

BOBIS, ALESSANDRA MHYCA R.

CALIMUTAN, JUSTIN JAKE P.

DELARAMA, SALVE EMMANUEL B.

HIBO, MARIA ANDREA S.

NEROZA, JOCEL JOY L.

RUIVIVAR, KING TROY C.

TENORIO, ARIAN LOURDES P.

June 2023

CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Setting

 This chapter of the paper presents the problem and its setting. It includes the background
of the study, the statement of the problem, statement of assumptions, significance of the study,
the scope and delimitation, the locale of the study, theoretical and conceptual faramework.

Background of the Study

In choosing a strand or track that a student wants to pursue for the next two years, can be
a quite challenging task for some. By selecting a strand, it means you know what courses you
need to take on Collage and other Universities so that you’ll have advantage in the future. STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering, and mathematics) education has become a critical concern
for many countries globally, including the Philippines. The government had been investigating in
promoting STEM education among students to meet the growing demand for STEM-related
careers in the country. Consequently, the Department of Education (DepEd) implemented the K-
12 program to address the gap in STEM skills in the country (Department of Education, (2016).
According to Estonanto (2017), the choice to enroll in the STEM strand in senior high school
open the possibility for secondary school graduates to enroll in next-level science courses. A
study of Alipio (2020) found that stratifying students’ career by high school discipline made
significant difference in academic adjustment and performance. STEM offers the students a
promising career path. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are critical
fields that are essential for a country's economic growth and global competitiveness. However,
there is a shortage of skilled workers in the STEM fields globally, and the Philippines is not an
exception. The Senior High School program in the Philippines aims to provide students with
specialized knowledge and skills in their chosen tracks, including the STEM strand. However,
there is a need to explore the perceptions, motivations and challenges of Grade 10 students in
choosing the STEM strand to ensure that students are making informed decisions about their
future career paths. As identified by Bandura (1997), the decision-making process of students is
influenced by their perceived self-efficacy, social, and environmental factors. Therefore, this
study aims to explore the perception, motivations, and challenges of Grade 10 students at Aroroy
National High School in choosing the STEM strand, with a focus on the factors that influence
their decision-making process.

According to the Department of Education (2015), one of the objectives of the Senior
High School program is to prepare students for higher education and/or employment in the
global market. The STEM strand offers specialized knowledge and skills that are in demand in
various fields such as engineering, healthcare, and technology. However, the perception of
students about the STEM strand may affect their decision-making process in choosing this track.
Previous studies have shown that students' perceptions and motivations are influenced by various
factors such as their interest in the subject, their parents' occupation and education level, and
their academic performance (Hill, Corbett, & St. Rose, 2010). Therefore, understanding the
perceptions, motivations and challenges of Grade 10 students at Aroroy National High School in
choosing the STEM strand is crucial in promoting their interest in the field and ensuring that they
are making informed decisions about their future career paths.

Several researches revealed that STEM majors were academically prepared especially in
mathematics and science test scores, were successful when it comes to GPA, and persistent in
earning a STEM degree. Chen (2013), Chen & Ho (2012), Mattern et.al.,(2015) & Shaw &
Barbuti (2010). According to Harackiewick et.al.,(2012), without the proper knowledge about
STEM-based careers, students who prefer to take a STEM field career might be discouraged with
the decreasing number of students pursuing the strand. This may result in misconception and
diminish their desire to participate in activities that may open awareness and knowledge about
the STEM career. Although STEM education is vital, there has been declining student interest
interest and participation in STEM fields. These trends can be attributed to various factors,
including the limited availability of STEM resources and opportunities, inadequate STEM
professionals in the country (Riegle-Crumb et al., 2012; National Science Board, 2016).

Moreover, choosing the STEM strand in the K-12 program remains a significant
challenge for grade 10 students. Some factors that influence students’ decisions in choosing the
STEM strand includes their perceptions, motivations, and challenges in pursuing STEM strand
(Malik et al., 2020) Hence understanding the perceptions, motivations, and challenges of grade
10 students in choosing the STEM strand is essential in promoting STEM education in the
country. Furthermore, this study is relevant not only to the school but also to the government and
industry sectors. The results of this study can provide insights into the factors that influence
students' decision-making process in choosing the STEM strand, which can inform policies and
programs that promote the development of a skilled workforce in the STEM fields. As noted by
Fraillon et al. (2014), understanding students' perceptions, motivations, and challanges in
choosing specific tracks can help inform policies that promote the development of a more
equitable and inclusive education system. Therefore, this study can contribute to the
development of programs that promote the participation of students from diverse backgrounds in
the STEM fields, ultimately leading to a more skilled and competitive workforce.

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of the study is to explore the perceptions, motivations and challenges
of Grade 10 students at Aroroy National High School in choosing STEM strand in Senior High
School, specifically, the study aims to answer the following research questions:

• What are the perceptions of Grade 10 students hold about the STEM strand?

• What motivates the Grade 10 students in choosing the STEM strand?

• What are the possible challenges perceived by the Grade 10 students in choosing the
STEM strand?

Statement of Assumption

This study aims to know the following questions: What are the perceptions of Grade 10 students
hold about the STEM strand? What motivates the Grade 10 students in choosing the STEM
strand? What are the possible challenges perceived by the Grade 10 students in choosing the
STEM strand?

• The perceptions of Grade 10 students nowadays surrounding the STEM strand in senior
high school vary. Some perceive it as a highly competitive and challenging strand that
requires advanced math and science skills. They believe that pursuing a STEM career
path can lead to more significant job opportunities and higher salaries, especially in the
era of technological advancement. On the other hand, some students perceive the STEM
strand as intimidating and daunting, with a high demand for critical thinking and
significant challenges in grasping complex scientific concepts. However, there are also
students whose interests lie in other fields like the arts, humanities, and social sciences,
and do not see the STEM strand as their preferred choice for pursuing senior high school
education

• Job opportunities inspires Grade 10 students to choose the STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics) strand because they are aware of the high demand for
STEM professionals in the job market. They may want to pursue a career in fields such as
engineering, information technology, or medical technology. Some reasons to this are
their personal interests, some students may have a natural curiosity for science, math, and
technology and want to learn more about these subjects in-depth. They may have hobbies
or extracurricular activities related to STEM and want to pursue their interests through
the STEM strand in high school. Influence by Parents and Peers has an impact on their
motivations and decision making to pursue STEM strand. Their passions and interest also
 affect some students, they may have a natural curiosity and interest in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics, which motivates them to pursue a STEM
education. Career opportunities motivates students in choosing STEM strand, they may
see the potential job prospects and higher salaries in STEM-related fields, such as
information technology, engineering.

• They might include the difficulty level of the strand, students may perceive the STEM
strand as more challenging than other strands due to its strong emphasis on science, math,
and technology. They may feel overwhelmed by the workload and the level of difficulty
they may encounter. Lack of interest may also be a challenge for some students because
they may not have a strong interest in science, math, or technology, and, therefore, may
find the STEM strand less appealing than other strands. Another reason can be limited
career options, although there is high demand for STEM-related occupations, some
students may feel that the STEM strand is too narrow and may limit their career options
in the future. Perceived gender bias, STEM fields have traditionally been male-
dominated, and some female students may feel discouraged and intimidated by this fact.
Inadequate resources, some high schools may not have the necessary resources to provide
quality education in the STEM strand, making it difficult for students to excel or even
understand the material. Lack of mentorship, The STEM strand requires a lot of hands-on
learning, and students may benefit from mentorship and guidance from experienced
professionals, which may not be readily available to them.

Significance of the Study

The study on exploring the perceptions, motivations and challenges of grade 10 students
at Aroroy National High School in choosing the STEM strand in senior high school is significant
for several entities such as students, school, parents, researchers and future researchers.

Students. This study helps the students in terms of curriculum development, this study
can inform the development of a more relevant and engaging curriculum for the STEM strand in
senior high school, which can help students to develop the skills and knowledge required for
success in these fields, this study benefits the students In Educational policy and decision-
making, this study can provide insights into the factors that influence students' decisions to
choose the STEM strand in senior high school, which can inform educational policy and
decision-making at the school, district, and national levels.

School Administration. The findings of this study can be used to develop effective
career guidance programs for students who are interested in pursuing careers in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics fields.

Parents. This study enables parents to know what their child’s interests and allows the
parents to see the perspectives of their child on STEM strand, this study discovers their child’s
capabilities in terms of decision making that will be significant for the parents.

Researchers. The study can help researchers identify the factors that motivate students to
choose the STEM strand and engage them in the learning process, which can improve student
outcomes and retention in the program.

Future Researchers. This study can help the future researchers as reference to conduct
their own study and make these as Related Literature in the future.

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at Aroroy National High School. The distance from the city of
Masbate to Aroroy National High School is 15miles (24.1402km.). This place was selected for
knowing the perceptions, motivations, and challenges grade 10 students face on choosing STEM
strand. These respondents were interviewed through face-to-face interview. This study was
implemented on the students of Aroroy National High School that is planning to take STEM
strand. The research study was implemented inside the premises of the school of Aroroy National
High School. The researchers chose the place of implementation because the primary
respondents of the study are students of Aroroy National High School. The place during the
interview was quite, clean, well ventilated, has fresh air and had enough chairs for the
researchers and the students who participated with the activity.
 Figure 1. Locale of the Study

(Aroroy National High School Campus Area)

Scope and Delimitation

The researchers conducted this study entitled “Exploring the perceptions, motivations and
challenges of Grade 10 students at Aroroy National High School in choosing the STEM strand in
Senior High School”. This study discovered the perceptions motivations, and challenges of
Grade 10 students of Aroroy National High School, academic year 2022-2023. The researchers
used a qualitative research design to explore and provide deeper insights into the study. The data
collection was conducted to 12 Grade 10 students who are selected through snowball sampling
design. The respondents were selected from different sections and curriculum to prevent bias and
ensure the validity of the results. The respondents were given the interview guide which will be
conducted personally with the researchers.

This study is limited only to those students who wants to pursue or consider the STEM
strand in Senior High School. No students from the previous and upcoming school year are
included in the study. The study focuses only on the perceptions, motivations, and challenges of
Grade 10 learners toward pursuing STEM strand and does not include any other specified strand
available in the school.
Theoretical Framework

The study will be focusing on, “Exploring the Perceptions, Motivations and challenges of
Grade 10 Students at Aroroy National High School in Choosing the STEM Strand in Senior High
School”. The researchers will apply the Self-Efficacy Theory, Social Cognitive Career Theory,
Self-Determination Theory, and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory that will serve as a
roadmap that will support this research study.

The Self-Efficacy Theory suggests that an individual's beliefs in their own abilities to
accomplish a task can have a strong impact on their motivation and performance. In the context
of STEM education, self-efficacy beliefs may influence a student's confidence in their ability to
succeed in STEM courses, and therefore their motivation to pursue STEM fields.

The Social Cognitive Career Theory proposes that individuals' career choices are
influenced by their interests, self-efficacy beliefs, and the social and cultural contexts in which
they are situated (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994). In the context of STEM education, social
cognitive career theory suggests that a student's interests in STEM fields, their self-efficacy
beliefs, and the social and cultural factors that promote or discourage STEM careers may all
influence their perceptions and motivations towards STEM education.

The Self-Determination Theory can serve as a theoretical framework for this study.
According to SDT, individuals have innated psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and
relatedness, which influence their motivation and engagement in activities, including educational
pursuits. Autonomy refers to the need for individuals to feel in control of their actions and
decisions. Competence pertains to the need to feel capable and effective in performing tasks,
while relatedness pertains to the need to feel connected and supported by others. In the context of
education, students who perceive that their autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs are
being met are more likely to be motivated, engaged, and successful in their academic pursuits.

The Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory can provide a framework for

understanding the complex and dynamic interactions between the individual, their family, peers,
school, and community can affect their decision making and has an impact in shaping their
perceptions and motivations towards STEM education. According to the Ecological Systems
Theory, individuals are influenced by multiple layers of social environments that interact with
each other.
 Figure 2. Theoretical Framework/ Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework used in the study is the Input-Process-Output Model as shown
in the Figure 2. The IPO Model shows the relationship between variables or concepts in the
study.

The input includes the Perceptions of grade 10 students hold about STEM strand. The
Motivations of Grade 10 students about STEM strand. Possible challenges perceived by the
grade 10 students.

The process includes construction of research instrument, conducting interview to the

respondents, administering questionnaire guides and consent, collecting and organizing data,
statistical analysis and interpretation of data gathered, findings, and formulating conclusions and
recommendations.

The output includes the perceptions, motivations and challenges toward STEM education,
as measured by qualitative interviews. Possible solutions to address the challenges and barriers
face by Grade 10 students when considering STEM strand. As well as the applicable strategies
that could be used for further improvements on the education systems applied in STEM strand to
give those incoming grade 11 students the best learning experience.
 Figure 3. Paradigm of the Conceptual Framework

Definition of Terms

To facilitate the understanding of this study, the following terms are being defined.

Challenges. Something that by its nature or character serves as a call to make special
effort, a demand to explain, justify, or difficulty in a undertaking that is stimulating to one
engaged in it.

K-12. A program made by the Department of Education wherein the students will undergo
a core curriculum and subjects under a track based on the students' preference.

Motivation. The desire to act in service of a goal. It's the crucial element in setting and
attaining our objectives. Motivation is the art of inspiring and encouraging subordinates or
people to do work effectively so that both organizational and individual goals can be achieved.

Perception. The process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized

experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process
itself.

Senior High School. Is the second part of secondary education under the K-12 program,
wherein the students would take up the subjects under their chosen track or career pathway.
 STEM Strand. A program made by the Department of Education wherein the students will
undergo a core curriculum and subjects under a track based on the students’ preference.

CHAPTER II.

Research Methodology

This chapter of the paper includes the research design, research method, population,
sampling technique, key informants, instruments used, data gathering procedure, and data
analysis plan.

Research Design

This study utilized a qualitative research design to discover the perceptions, motivations
and challenges of Grade 10 students in choosing the STEM strand. Qualitative research is
suitable for exploring complex and subjective phenomena, such as perceptions, attitudes, and
motivations. The study used semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method,
which is allowed for open-ended and flexible questioning that encourages participants to share
their thoughts and experiences in their own words.

Research Method

The researchers employed descriptive research method. According to Sandelowski (2010),

the most frequently proposed rationale for the use of descriptive approach to is to provide
straight forward descriptions of experiences and perceptions, particularly in areas where little is
known about the topic under investigation. Descriptive research is a good choice to conduct on
the study because if the research goal is to identify traits, frequency, trends or categories,
descriptive research is a good choice. This is useful if you do not know much about a topic or
issue. Before we can explore why something happens, we need to understand when, where, and
how it happens.

Population

The researchers conducted the study at Aroroy National High School, wherein the total
of 649 Grade 10 students will be regarded as the chosen population. The selection of the
mentioned type of population are Grade 10 students because they are the future senior high
school students, they are the most common student on making decision on choosing the strand to
pursue in the next 2 years. It is based on the convenient and accessible location, which enables
the researchers to efficiently and logically conduct their study at the mentioned school.

Sampling Technique

The researchers employed snowball sampling as they selected the probable respondents of
this study. Exponential discriminative snowball sampling was perfect to use among the other two
types of snowball sampling. As defined by Nikolopoulou (2022), snowball is a non-probability
sampling method where new units are recruited by other units to form part of the sample.
Snowball sampling can be a useful way to conduct research about people with specific traits who
might otherwise be difficult to identify. The researchers chose exponential discriminative
snowball sampling because the researchers focused on Grade 10 students that are choosing
STEM strand in Aroroy National High School. Exponential discriminative snowball sampling,
participants give multiple referrals. However, the researcher screens those referrals, choosing
only those who meet specific criteria to participate in the sample. The key difference between
this and exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling is that not all referrals are included in
the sample. Later after conducting an interview, that participant will refer other students that are
suitable for the criteria of a possible respondent. The process of referral continues until the
researchers reach the desired sample size.

Key Informants

This study was conducted at Aroroy National High School during the School Year 2022-
2023. The population of the study is the Grade 10 students at Aroroy National High School who
are considering or have already chosen the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics) strand in senior high school. A total of 12 students will be the respondents of this
research study. Participants criteria are the following; Grade 10 students in Aroroy National High
School who’s currently studying and Grade 10 students from different sections who are
considering, pursuing or already chosen STEM strand in Senior High School next school year.

Instrument Used

Researchers used semi- structured interview on the 12 Grade 10 students to determine the
perceptions, motivations and challenges in choosing STEM strand in Senior High School. To get
the appropriate data needed, the researchers prepared an interview guide which contains a set of
questions. Thematic analysis will also be used in interpreting the data gathered.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data collected are from Grade 10 students at Aroroy National High School using semi-
structured interviews. Before the conduct of interview and distribution of interview form, the
researchers secured a permit from the school principal to administer the instrument to the
respondents. A total of 12 students were selected through snowball sampling, which ensures that
the sample represents a diverse range of students with different backgrounds and experiences.
The researchers provided a letter of consent for the respondents to be signed as a way to show
their willingness to participate in the study. Participants were informed of the purpose of the
study, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidentiality of their responses. The
interviews were conducted in a private and quiet setting, and will last between 15-20 minutes.

Data Analysis Plan

The data collected from the semi-structured interviews was transcribed and analyzed using
thematic analysis. This method involves the identification and categorization of patterns and
themes in the data that relate to the research questions. The analysis was conducted in several
steps, including familiarization with the data, generating initial codes, identifying themes,
reviewing and refining themes, and defining and naming themes. The analysis process conducted
by the researcher and reviewed by a second researcher to ensure the reliability and validity of the
findings.

CHAPTER III

Presentation, Interpretation, and Analysis

This chapter of the paper includes the stories of key informants, data analysis and

coding, summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

Stories of key informants

Ms. Pia

Ms. Pia Elyzza Corpuz is grade 10 student currently studying at Aroroy National High
School Corpuz from section Camia under Enhance Basic Education Program (EBEP). She was
recruited by the researchers to be the first respondent of the study.They didn't have a class by the
time the researchers went to their classroom so Ms. Pia didnt have to be excused from class to
take the interview. She was willing to share her thoughts and perceptions as part of the research
study as she decided to pursue STEM because of the course she will be taking.

“Maybe it’s kinda hard kasi mostly science and math pero kailangan ko sya e pursue kasi
ada po da an akon courses na kukuhaon, medicine po.” (Maybe it's kinda hard because it
is mostly science amd math but it is connected to the course that I will be taking.
Medicine.)

Ms. Pia

“Sa science po gusto ko po an biology na lessons po, profession na kukuhaon pag college
kag akon interest sa subject na science.” (On science field I like the branch biology and
the lessons itself. My profession that I will be taking on college and my personal interest
on the subject science.)
 Family, friends and people that surrounds her are some factors that inspire her to pursue
STEM strand, according to her. “My love once and people that surrounds and supports me”.
Peers and Family makes her faith stronger to pursue STEM strand. She said that “They are with
me on my journey”.

Asked if, what could be the possible barriers she might encounter in pursuing STEM
strand and she said that “Maybe coping up with the lessons” she said that she is not good at
Mathematics, problem solving and anything that is related to math. She said that, that might
make her feel difficult on coping up on their lesson during her experience as a STEM student.

She added that only mathematics is the subject that she finds difficult. She is confident
that other subjects are tolerable for her, she said that only math is the subjects that she is not
good at but the rest she knew that she is good and can excel on the subject. According to her

“Maybe sa pag cope up po sa lessons po, nahihirapan po ako sa math, sa math man
lang po ako nahihirapan” (“Maybe coping up with the lesson because I am not good at
mathematics, only mathematics is the subject that I find difficult”)

She has better plans on how to solve and address the possible difficulties she might
encounter, according to her “Study harder” is one of the possible solutions to solve the problems
she might encounter as a STEM student. She also said that must remember the goals and the
reason from the first place why she is studying and continue learning. If needed help she said “I
will ask help for people that I know that might help me” and to remember that it is fine to make
mistakes because you will learn from it. According to her

“Maybe try my best to study, like try harder and remember my goals and reason
from the start why I am fighting. If needed some help ask and look for people that can
help me. Learn also from my mistakes”.

Mr. Kelly

An outstanding Grade 10 student from section Einstein from Aroroy National High
School, Mr. Kelly under Enhance Basic Education Program (EBEP) was referred by Ms. Pia. He
has a whole hearted idea to pursue STEM strand, while he is at Grade 10, he has ideas about
STEM strand. He said that this strand mostly focuses on making permanent solutions on our
community. He said that “Usually we are making temporary solutions for our major problems on
our community” but here on STEM strand He said that “STEM strand it focuses on making
permanent solutions for our major problems on a certain area or our community.

“My opinion po, sa strand po na ano, the STEM strand is a strand po that focuses on
making solutions for problem, for problems that is usually gina solusyonan la naton san
other way that is not permanent, so sa STEM strand gina hanapan ta san permanent
solution para sa usad na bagay or mga problema” (“My opinion on STEM strand is that,
STEM strand focuses on mking solutions for problems, for problems that people are
usually just making temporary solutions. But here on STEM strand it focuses on making
permanent solutions for our major problems on a certain area or our community.)

He wanted to help the community on the future, according to Him, it’s good to pursue
STEM if you wanted to help the community that’s why He wanted to pursue STEM. He said that
STEM is excellent at making solutions to help our community in terms of problems.

“Ano, being Engineer or engineering san usad na paga himo san solutions, for making
solutions para po maka tulong sa usad na lugar or kumunidad po.” (“Ahm being an
engineer or engineering on making solutions, solutions to help our community”)

Asked if, what made Him gain interest in pursuing STEM strand and He said that He is
fascinated how batteries and technology work. He has vision that one day he can make and
innovate gadgets to help His community. He is also looking forward to do research because he is
having fun on doing research and discovering new things.

“May kuan po pano ako, I am a fan of robotics po tapos gina enjoy kopo an research”
(“Because I am fan of robotics and I do enjoy research”)

He said that robotics is hard, according to him, he has different experience when he was
making one. According to Him

“San first year nahirapan pero san third year nadalian nalang po kay gin enjoy kona.”
(“When I was on first year, I experienced difficulties on making one. But when I was at
third year it was easier “)

He said that he has many inspirations in pursuing STEM and he said that he is inspired to
pursue STEM because he is looking forward for the profession he will get on the future, he is
also looking forward to graduate and help his family.

“Para po maka tapos para lang po sa akon makukuha na trabaho kag maka bulig
pamilya.” (“For me to graduate and the job that I will get and to help my family”)

He is also looking forward for the difficulties and challenges he will encounter on the
future, he said that activities are one of the challenges he will encounter if he will pursue STEM
strand. He said that “Activities are the most common challenges but of course it is included on
your learning.” He admits that STEM is a difficult strand specially that he heard some of the
activities STEM student encounter. He said that his brother who is a teacher tells him what the
students do on STEM strand. But he said that you still can make things work and easier.

“Difficult man po talaga ina sya hindi ina nakon e deny, pero kun mag hanap kapo way it
woud make things easier.” (“It is really difficult I won’t deny, but if you find ways it
would make things easier”)

He has plans how to deal with these challenges and according to him, he is ready for
these challenges. He said that

(“Ah focus lang po, focus po sa goals kag focus sa studies, amo lang po.”) (“Ah focus
only, focus on goals and studies, that’s all”)
Ms. Ruvea

A talented student under Special Program in the Arts (SPA). Ms Ruvea was referred by
Ms. Pia. She is a Grade 10 student in Section Renaissance. Ms Ruvea shared her idea about
STEM strand. According to her, she saw STEM strand as a strand that could help her in
discovering new things specially in learning. She said STEM is the best choice for her, she
believes that this strand can unlock your mind and allows you to learn new things. According to
her “It is best to choose STEM strand because there you can learn new things”

“Ano inan, Mas Maganda pano pag mag stem ka kay dida ka maka tuon san imo gusto
maaraman, sa mathematics kag research, kay amo po ina an gusto ko maaramn, kag
usad ina sa rason nakay gusto ko mag STEM.” (“It is ideal if you’ll pursue STEM
because there you can learn new things, in Mathematics and Research, and that is one of
the reasons why I wanted to pursue STEM”)

According to her STEM strand can help her learn on new subject specially on subjects
that she is not good at. She added that she is experiencing difficulties on numbers and
construction of words such as essay making and solving math problems.

The reason why she is planning to pursue STEM strand because she wanted to help
people that are in need, to treat all patients with dignity and respect, regardless of race, gender, or
socio-economic status. To prioritize the health and well-being of patients above all else, and to
practice medicine with honesty and integrity.

“An rason kopo kaya pinili ko ini na strand kay gusto kopo mag doctor” (“The reason
why I am planning to pursue STEM strand because I would like to become a doctor”)

Asked if what could be the possible problems she might encounter as a STEM student
and she said that, her parents make her feel inspired to pursue STEM strand, she saw this strand
as a difficult and challenging strand but by seeing her parents she is thinking about their future it
makes her feel inspired, she also said that her baby gives her strength to pursue the strand.
People that surround her also made her inspired and determined according to her “My parents,
baby and people that surrounds me makes me feel stronger.”

She added that she is determined to pursue STEM even she was experiencing difficulties
on some of the major and specialized subjects of STEM strand. She said that even this strand is
mostly focusing on subjects that she is not good, she still wanted to pursue STEM strand. The
researchers asked if what could be the possible challenges she will encounter in the future if she
will pursue STEM strand and she said that:

“Research, an paga himo san essays kag sa math talaga” (“Research, making essays and
mostly math”)

Through these challenges she has plans on how to solve these possible challenges, she
added that through these, she will work on her studies such as understanding math problems and
making essays, she also stated that “Even I am not good at some major subjects of STEM strand
my interest will still remain”

“Ano inan kailangan adalan kag inan maki sabayan sakon mga klasmates na maaram na
san topic” (“I need to do my studies and go with my classmates that knows the topic”)

Ms. Cheneeth

A talented student Ms. Cheneeth, a Grade 10 student under SPA (Special Program in the
Arts) curriculum is currently studying at Aroroy National High School, presents her thoughts and
opinions on STEM strand. Ms. Cheneeth was referred by Mr. Kelly that will also take STEM
next school year. She said that she likes the challenges STEM strand give. According to her, she
thinks that STEM strand sounds like a great section. What made her think that STEM strand has
a good section is that, she like being around people that are also taking STEM related courses.
She revealed that she wanted to pursue Engineering on her college course that is why she will
take STEM strand.

"Para sa akon good section, ma-engineering po pan o ako kaya gusto ko pilion an stem
 kay more on math, tapos sa tingin ko po challenging." ("It's a good section for me
because I want to take engineering and I am interested in STEM because it focuses more
on math and it sounds challenging.")

She stated that she is interested on mathematics specially on solving math problems.
According to Ms. Cheeneeth she believes that STEM Strand will help her on the career she
wanted to pursue in the future. She also told us about her opinions on STEM strand that it is kind
of hard and maybe a bit challenging. But none of that will stop her on pursuing the strand.

She said that STEM got her attention because it's focuses mostly on Mathematics, she
said that she is interested and actually likes mathematics. Her interest in every subject could help
her gain advanced knowledge to the course she will take on collage. It will help her strengthen
her skills on problem solving and reading comprehension that she knew will help her on
engineering course.

"Ano more on math, mahilig po pan o ako sa math." ("Because STEM focuses on math,
and I like math.")

Regarding who inspires and motivates her, she mentioned her sister. She said, "I will take
the STEM Strand because of my sister; she influenced me because she is a STEM student, so I
decided to take the STEM Stand on SHS." She stated that her family also helped her choose the
perfect strand for her, which is why she was eager to take the STEM Strand.

"Si ate kay STEM student sya." ("My sister because she is a STEM student.")

Ms. Cheneeth waclarified that the only task she will find difficult in terms of difficulties
or challenges is Research.

"An Research, kay para saakon amo an pinaka mahirap sa tanan." (“Research, because it
is the most difficult and challenging task for me”)
 Based on how she will address the possible difficulties she might face, she said, "I will
focus on my studies and overcome all of my weaknesses." According to Ms. Cheneeth, time
management, advance study, and facing all the challenges that will be given to you are important
to address your difficulties in every subject. Sometimes every person is struggling, just like Ms.
Cheneeth. Even though she is struggling, she is determined to pursue her dreams and give her
career opportunities. It's okay to fail because it helps shed light on what you want and where
you're going.

"Magadvance study, magpamati lang sa teacher and iapply tanan na ginatukdo para
mahatagan san kaaraman." ("Advance study, listen to what the teacher teaches and apply
everything you've learned on your own to gain knowledge.)

Mr. Lucky

Mr. Lucky is a grade 10 student at Aroroy National High School under Science
Technology Engineering (STE) curriculum who has a potential to excel his interest in the
mathematics subject and planning to take a STEM in his senior high school year, share his
perspective with regards about STEM strand. He was referred by Mr. Kelly. Proceed to the
interview after asking a permission to Mrs. Dadulla, their adviser, researchers start conducting
their question.

He revealed his idea about STEM strand, he said that his opinions when he heard the
word STEM strand, first thing that comes in his mind is that it’s a hard and difficult strand. His
reason behind his opinion is because it focuses mostly on Mathematics and Science. But none of
this can affect his decision on pursuing STEM strand.

Opinion ko po towards STEM strand is medyo po siya mahirap and connected po, siya sa
akon career na pipiliun which is engineering. (My opinion towards STEM strand is that it
is quite difficult, and it is connected to the career I will choose which is engineering.)

Lucky is determined to take the STEM strand because of his dream of becoming an
Engineer. During the interview, he answered the question easily because according to him “I
have ideas and basic knowledge about STEM strand” As an upcoming senior high school he said
that he was doing his research about what are the basic background of the different strand and he
said that he is also doing some.

Since na mostly nakikita ko po sa mga website or sa mga social media about sa STEM
strand na kun nano an possible na maging topics or mga subjects sa kada semester.
(Since I mostly see on websites or on social media about the STEM strand what Are
possible topics or subjects in each semester.)

His curiosity motivated him to expand his knowledge about his chosen strand and it
enables him to have different strategies to cope up with the possible challenges that he might
face on his senior year as a STEM student.

“Like I said before, sa career ko po na ginpili, and sa Akon po favorite subject Kay
mathematics. Like I prefer na mag problem-solving kesa magwrite San mga essays Kay
Dito talaga Ako mas nahihirapan.” (Like I said before, it was chosen because of my
career, and my favorite subject is mathematics. Like I prefer to do problem-solving than
writing essays because I really have difficulty here.)

As for his decision making skills, the researcher observed that he is actually motivated to
take STEM strand in senior high school because he is too focused on reaching his career and
interests. During the interview Lucky stated that he's having a hard time with writing essays so
he sticked up to his interest in mathematics. Lucky also stated who and what support he gets why
he chose to do STEM for his senior high school year. He revealed that the support his family
giving him has a huge impact on his decision making that it makes him more eager to pursue
STEM which he is also thankful about.

My family, because tuna po San nag ano ako sa STE, bagan gina support man lang ako
sa kun nano an mapipili ko and then kay since na maabot naman po na magrade 11, I
have the will to choose what i want na kun nano talaga an gusto ko kay san wara pa
talaga naga ano ako, naga duwaduwa Ako Kay Kun either ABM or STEM pero mas
 prefer gayud an STEM. (My family, because since I became an STE, my family only
supports me in what I choose and decide and since that I will be in grade 11, I have the
will to choose of things that I really want, but at first I was thinking what I want to pursue
either ABM or STEM, but I really prefer STEM.)

Lucky also explained what he thinks would be the possible difficulties he will encounter.
He revealed that he is having a hard time on research, but then he added that Research is the only
thing that he finds difficult, while in the other hand he said that he is good at mathematics and
problem solving because he said that he has this skill which he can easily understand
mathematics problems and said that he will not have a hard time as long he understood the
concept of the topic.

Research, kay dida po talaga matetest an knowledge kag an leadership skills Kay para
talaga ma-surpass an mga parts San mga research kag wara man po San problema sa
mathematics as long as na understand ko talaga an concept San topic. (Research,
because that's where your knowledge and leadership skills can really be tested to surpass
the parts of research and there is no problem with math as long as I understand the
concept.)

In terms of these challenges, lucky also shared his ways to solve these problems. He said
that

First thing is time management and study and then kailangan talaga tagaan San full
effort para lang makapasa, so Yun time management, study, and effort. (First thing is time
management and study and then you really have to give full effort just to pass, so it's time
management, study, and effort)

He said that he can help himself to solve these possible problems by managing personal
schedules and studying the lesson itself. Based on his statement everyone can get by giving his
best for every goal he wants to achieve. It's all about appreciating and learning about the things
you want to surpass. All the effort you spend will be paid by the success you will have on the
future.

Ms. Marie

A Grade 10 student under the Special Program in the Arts (SPA) curriculum, who has a
strong passion for math and is currently studying at Aroroy National High School. She was also
referred by Mr. Kelly. According to Ms. Marie she wishes to continue in the STEM strand.
Despite being under the arts program, this student has a great interest and aptitude in
mathematics. She thoroughly enjoy the subject and excel in their math-related studies. She
consistently performed well in math-related subjects throughout their academic journey. For her
STEM strand is a difficult strand, according to her this strand might be bit challenging to her.
This means that she finds the subjects and coursework in the STEM strand to be difficult or
demanding.

Ano Po pano... Para Po sa akon challenging Po talaga pag STEM ka (Ahm... For me it is
very challenging if you are a STEM student)

Ms. Marie might have personal experiences or observations that make her come to this
opinion. According to Ms. Marie there are things why she found STEM as challenging strand.
Firstly, the subjects in STEM often require a strong foundation in math and science. These
subjects can be complex and require critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills.
Students must be willing to put in extra effort and study consistently to succeed in STEM.

When asked what made her gain interest in STEM, Ms. Marie said that it's because of her
interest of Mathematics, that is why she is choosing STEM strand. As I mentioned earlier, she
has a passion for Math, just like in Science. Ms. Marie’s interest in STEM is primarily fueled by
her fascination with mathematics. Mathematics plays a significant role in the STEM fields, as it
is the language through which scientists, engineers, and technologists communicate and solve
problems.

“Ano Po, More on Math Po.” (Ahm... More on Math.)

 Ms. Marie’s interest in STEM, particularly in math, indicates her inclination towards
logical reasoning, systematic thinking, and problem-solving – skills that are essential in STEM-
related fields. Her passion for math likely serves as a motivating factor, driving her to explore
and excel in the STEM strand.

She said that she has many inspirations in pursuing STEM specifically her elder- sister
are the ones that influence her to take STEM strand.

“Si ate Po pano Kay STEM Siya” (It's my sister, because she is also a STEM student.)

She wanted to become like her sister one day according to her. In addition, she also said
that her friends influence her decisions but mostly her family are the primary factors why she
was eager to pursue STEM strand.

At 10th Grade she has ideas on what could be the possible difficulties she might
encounter. Marie is also looking forward for the challenges she will encounter on the future, she
said that conducting research is one of the challenges she will encounter if she will pursue STEM
strand.

“Sa Research Po o pag conduct San Research.” (It is difficult in Research subject or
conducting a Research.)

In terms of her ways of addressing the possible difficulties she might encounter. She said
that by listening attentively and applying it to yourself, you won’t have a hard time on your
lessons.

"Adalan, mag pamati lang gayud". ("Learn by listening attentively”)

It emphasizes the importance of actively listening and paying close attention to what is
being taught in order to effectively learn and understand the material being presented.
Mr. Warren

Mr. Warren is a SPA (Special Program in the Arts) student, currently studying at Aroroy
National High School, pursuing his dream of becoming an engineer and is part of the reasons
why he chose STEM strand. He was referred by Ms. Ruvea. Now, before the researchers
conducted the interview, the teachers' permit was asked in order to proceed with the said
interview and was given the permission to do so.

Moving on with what he said on what is his opinion on STEM strand, the researchers
were given an answer that it is quite difficult and challenging for him but in order to learn more,
he is ready to pursue STEM strand and it's also because he strives for high quality of knowledge.

"An opinyon ko po is mahirap siya, challenging pero maganda pano siya pamation kag
inan bagan mas damo akon maaaraman sina na strand and high quality na knowledge
tapos ada man pano da gin baba an gina adalan sa engineering.” (My opinion is that it
is difficult, challenging but it rings a nice sound to the ears and I think that I can gain
more knowledge in this strand and that's where studying engineering can be found”)

As he had said before, he chose STEM strand because he wants to be an Engineer but this
is quite less of an answer on what made him gain interest in STEM strand, he then added that
him pursuing STEM strand is because he wanted to lighten up the burden he will take when he
will undergo college.

"Interested ako kasi amo nga idto, maganda siya kay ada dida nakababa an mga about
sa engineering kag interested ako sa iya kay didto ko siya makukuha an knowledge na
kailangan ko makuha para di na ako mahirapan pagabot sa college. (“I'm interested
because like I said, it's nice for the reason is that this is where engineering course aligns
with and also this is where I can gain knowledge so that I won't find it difficult when
college arrives”)

He revealed what inspires or motivates him in choosing STEM strand, it is all because of
his mother, they both wish to achieve his dreams in the future. By his mother on his side he is
ready to fight for his dreams.
 "Ga inspire sakon, uhm, ang akon talaga mama, gusto pano namon maabot an akon
dreams, amo an stepping stone ko para maabot ko an pagiging engineer.” (“What really
inspires me is my mom, we really want to achieve my dreams, it is his stepping stone in
order to become an engineer”)

And when it comes to challenges, he said that the possible challenges he might face when
applying STEM strand, he only has one, and that is, research, He said that on SPA they do not
have a research subject compared to STE that is why he said that research will be difficult for
him.

"Siguro, research, mahirap talaga para sakon an research.” (“I think, research, research
is really difficult for me”)

But these problems always have solutions, he was then asked if how can he address these
possible problems that he might encounter. He came up with a conclusion that he will work and
study hard and in order to solve these challenges, he will properly manage his time and avoid
cramming.

"Siguro to work hard, study hard, malalampasan man ina siya na bagay, di la talaga mag
cramming so time management po.” (“I think to work hard, study hard, we can overcome
these problems, it's just that avoid cramming, time management is a must.”.)

Mr. Warren may find STEM strand difficult, but it can't stop him from pursuing in
achieving his dreams.

Mr. Melitante

Mr. Melitante, a Grade 10 student under STE (Science and Technology Engineering),
studying from Aroroy National High School shares his conception in accordance to the STEM
strand. Among few STE students who were interested in taking STEM as their strand next year,
he was one of the 4 respondents that had the courage to take the interview. He was referred by
Ms. Cheneeth that will also pursue STEM strand. A few minutes after receiving the permit of
their teacher, the researchers immediately conducted the interview. Mr. Melitante was then asked
on what is his opinion on STEM strand and gave his response stating that STEM strand mainly
focuses on courses that are related to Math Fields, Technology and Medicine that's one of the
reasons why he chose STEM strand.

"Uhm, STEM strand po, pang engineer, kaya ko po pinili an STEM strand kasi ada po
kasi, umm and amo po an inan naka align po na skills sa pang umm engineering”
(“Uhmm, STEM strand is for engineer, the reason why I chose STEM strand is because
this is where the skills for engineering can truly be found”)

He then proclaims on what made him gain on pursuing STEM strand which was his
interest and his main specialty, Mathematics. He was really confident during this time because he
stated that STEM' is mainly focuses on major subjects especially Mathematics and Research.

"Ahh, actually po, sa Math, naka gain po ako sa interest dahil sa Math.” (“Ahh, actually,
the reason for that is because of Math, I gained interest because of Math.")

This student really focuses on education, in regards with what inspires or motivates him
in choosing STEM strand, he then responds that he seeks higher level of education and
experience in order for him to ease the weight off his shoulders when college arrives or in other
words, he wants to learn more.

"Uhmm, dahil po sa higher level of education kag gusto ko po makuha san more
experience and learn more po. (“Uhmm, because of the higher level of education and I
want to gain more experience and learn more.”)

Now with what might be the difficulties that he might face when it comes with applying
to the STEM strand, he said that it can be financial problem or the expenses that he might need
during senior high school or in applying STEM strand.
 "Uhmm, financial problems or an expenses po talaga.” (“Uhmm, it might be financial
problem or the expenses”)

But on the other hand, he has his own way of dealing with these possible difficulties that
is said to possibly be encountered in applying STEM strand, he claimed that there could be
people who can give him advises on what to do during these problems especially his relatives
who had overcome STEM strand.

"Uhmm, inan, uhmm, inan mangayo po san guide didto po sa mga naka experience na
relative na nag STEM po.” (“Uhmm, receive guidance from my relatives who have
already experienced STEM”)

Mr. Melitante proved that the future you are dreaming of, is based on what you will do at
the present and learn from the mistakes of your past, no matter what problem lies ahead, if one is
determined to pursue their dreams, they can achieve it.

Mr. Baridon

Mr. Baridon, a Grade 10 student under EBEP curriculum currently studying at Aroroy
National High School, has shared his thoughts with regards to STEM strand. He was refered by
Mr. Lucky a student from STE curriculum. Among all the students in their class, Mr. Baridon is
the only student who will take STEM next school year. After talking to their teacher, the
researchers start to conduct the interview. When asked on his opinions about STEM strand, he
aforementioned a few subjects and the level of difficulty that correlates with the strand.

"About po sa topic sa math, about sa mga paga compute, about English, Science kag sa
math man po" (“It's all about topics in math, doing computations, english, and science
related learnings”)
 For him, STEM education is more of supporting students who wants to take and study
courses primarily in the field of Science and Mathematics.

He also stated that STEM strand might be difficult for him but he can surely manage and
adjust to the competencies required under STEM strand.

"Medyo may pagkalisudan man po pero kun kaya, kayahon nala po" (“I find STEM
strand a bit difficult but if so, I can handle it”)

The reasons behind why he finds STEM strand to be difficult was that STEM students are
expected to produce several researches, requires a deep understanding on a variety of subjects,
and focuses on advanced concepts and topics.

According to Mr. Baridon, STEM strand sparks his interest as he will be pursuing such
engineering courses. For him, taking part in this strand will not only help him to gain advance
knowledge but also to seek more opportunities for his chosen career.

"Nagkaigwa po ako interest sa STEM Kay about po sa kukuhaon ko na course kay

engineering po kaya nag pursigi ako na i-take an STEM na stand" (“I got interested in STEM
because of the course that I will take in college which is engineering, that's why I persevered to
pursue STEM”)

With regards to what inspires or motivates him, he mentioned that his relatives
specifically his uncles are the ones that influence him to take STEM strand. He said that "It's
because my uncles will also take engineering so I decided to take engineering too". In addition,
he also said that none of his friends have an influence on his decision and only his family are the
primary factors why he was eager to pursue STEM strand. When it come to the possible
challenges that he might experience, he stated:

"Sa mga reporting po, sa paga report po o pag ga perform sa tunga" (“In doing reporting
and performing in front of other people”)
 Mr. Baridon was really a shy type of student, hence, he is not comfortable to socialize
and speak among his classmates. His only problem revolves around his confidence and his fear
of public speaking. He added that in terms of his way of addressing the possible difficulties he
might encounter, he only said a one final quote.

"Piriton mag report, magpursigi na makayahan para makuha an course na gusto ko" (“I
will try my best to report so that I can eventually attain the course that I want”)

Even though Mr. Baridon was struggling in doing reports, he is very determined and
optimistic that he can conquer those challenges for him to have a better future ahead.

Ms. Rose

Ms. Rose a Grade 10 students that is now deciding on what strand to take for the next 2
years on Senior High School. A student under the Special Program in Arts (SPA) curriculum in
Junior High School who will be choosing STEM for her senior year. She was referred by Ms.
Marie a student will pursue also pursue STEM strand. She will be sharing her perceptions and
motivations upon choosing the STEM strand. As the researchers asked permission from their
teacher to excuse the participants for the interview and they immediately proceeded on asking
the respondents about their opinion towards STEM strand.

Ms Rose revealed that she perceives STEM as a strand that has a more advanced
knowledge and has the education for students who wants to pursue Nursing, Architecture and
other college courses such as engineering takes for the reason that this strand has the education
for fields under science and mathematics.

“Inan ano po para saakon an stem ada po dida an nursing, architecture parang medyo
siya mahirap kasi nangunguna din sa tanan na strand.” (“For me STEM is that nursing
student and will take Architecture are in there, It’s a bit difficult because it’s also above
other stands.”)

According to her she is wanted to pursue medicine related courses because she said that
she was interested on medicine. She also added that there are people that tells her to pursue
medicine and she is determined to pursue medicine related courses.

“Ako, interesado ako about sa medicine kaya gusto ko sya kuhaon kasi sabi san mga
teacher namon ada daw dida nakukuha yung knowledge about sa medicine.” (“Me, I will
be taking Stem for the reason that I am Interested in Medicine and that most of our
teachers says that this is where we’ll learn knowledge about medicine.”)

Ms. Rose will be pursuing Medicine in college and she listened to what her teacher told
her to take the STEM strand as to this is where she’ll be gaining knowledge for her chosen
course. She wants to be able to help people who are sick and make her parents proud.

Was asked if what influences her in choosing the strand, she replied that It’s the
challenges and her family that inspires her to choose this strand. She also added that her friends
is not included on her decision on choosing STEM strand because she said that her friends does
not influence her in choosing STEM strand.

“Challenges po, family, dili man naga influence saakon an akon mga friends” (“It’s the
challenges, family and no my friends does not influence my decision making”)

Ms. Rose was then followed up by another question, what are the difficulties you might
face in applying for the STEM strand, she stated that STE students have more advantage when
taking the STEM strand as it is also focuses in Science and Mathematics. It would’ve been better
if she took the STE curriculum from G7 to G10. The transition from being a student from SPA to
taking STEM is what worries Ms. Gorado for the reason that her current curriculum is more
focused in arts rather than science.

“Kasi advantage san mga STE. Masmaganda kung naging STE ako form G7 to G10 kaya
challenge saakon kay SPA ako tas ma STEM.” (“The STE curriculum has an advantage.
It woud’ve been better if I also took STE from G7 to G10, it would be a challenge for me
because I am SPA then I will be taking STEM.”)
 According to her, her transition from SPA to STEM might be the cause for her to
experience difficulties. The researchers asked if what is her plan on solving these possible
challenges. Ms. Rose would interview STEM students to be able to discover or find different
answers from current STEM students about the challenges they face within taking the STEM
strand so that she can compile different coping mechanism on how they deal with loaded school
activities.

“Siguro, do some, siguro mag discover or mag interview din san mga STEM kun nano
mga challenges ninda para ma understand ko din” (“Maybe, maybe try to discover or
interview STEM students about their challenged so that I can understand it also.”)

She has chosen to pursue stem as she believes that choosing the STEM strand gives you
more knowledge/ education than the other strand. She is also interested in taking Medicine in
Colllege, another reason why she wants to pursue STEM is because most of their teacher told her
to take STEM since STEM is where students who wants to pursue medicine can grow and be
more ready once they start college as stated by their teacher.

Mr. Rod

An excellent Grade 10 student under EBEP curriculum, Mr. Rod who is studying at Aroroy
National High School wanted to pursue STEM strand. Mr. Rod was referred by Mr. Warren.
According to him STEM is one of his top choices for Senior High School. He added that “It's
cool to hear that you're in the STEM strand.” According to him “Aside from that, STEM
education is of high quality not to down grade the other strand” He keeps on saying that STEM
strand is so cool to hear, According to him it sounds good to hear that you are a STEM student.

“Maganda pano an iya ano learning education, STEM lang talaga, maganda pamatian
na STEM student ka Maganda an name” (“The learning education is just awesome, it is
STEM, It sounds good to hear that you’re a STEM student”)
 He heard the different experiences of STEM student that it’s hard and there are students
that are having a mental break down. But despite to the information he got he still wanted to
pursue STEM strand because according to him “I guess it’s normal, does anybody want just an
easy experience on education”

“Damo damo naga sabi na malisod, oo, naga break down, damon naga break down diba
I guess it is normal, pero yah sino man an habo san may hard diba” ("There are people
that are saying that it is hard, there are people that are having a mental breakdown, I
guess it’s normal, does anybody want just an easy experience on education.”)

According to him, what influences him in choosing STEM strand are the student,are his
friends according to him:

“An iba ko na friend kay ma-take san STEM, kaya I decided na mag STEM naman”
(Some of my friends are taking STEM, so I decided to pursur STEM)

and he said that he has a friends that is a students of the STEM strand because according
to him it is awesome that they are not “jejemon” and he look up to the STEM students.

“An mga kaklase nyo dili jejemon, bagan gina look up ko sinda” (Your classmates they
are not jejemon, it’s like I look up to them.)

He added that he personally do not like like students that are competitive to his
classmates, he believes that working together is better that bringing each other down.

“Habo ako san may ma kokompetisyon kag sa mga student nan aga isip na naga
kompetensya o kompetensya” (“I don’t like to have a competition with someone, and to
students who thinks of competing”)
 He has these quote that made him feell motivated in pursuing STEM strand “No matter
how hard that you face, you still manage to cope up with it” It is fine to feel stressed he said.

“Pagka tapos break down slay daan” (“After your breakdown, slay immediately”)

He revealed that he is not good at catching up on mathematics, other than that he said that
he can surely cope up with the lesson.

“Dili ako Madali maka catch up a math, war ana amo lang ako mahina” (“I am not good
at catching up on math, only math I am not good at”)

He is has better plans on how to solve these possible challenges he see in the future,
According to him, he is planning to do advance study on mathematics especially on Pre-Calculus
so that he won’t have a hard time ton catching up with the lesson.

“Ma advance study ako this summer, sa Pre-Cal” (“I will do advance study this summer,
on Pre-Calculus”)

Ms Ostia

A great Grade 10 student of Aroroy National High School Ms. Ostia under EBEP
curriculum has decided to pursue STEM strand. Ms. Ostia was referred by Mr. Rod a student
from EBEP curriculum. Mr. Marie is pursuing STEM strand for she is planning to pursue
medical course on her college. Ms. Ostia stated that she had always wanted to take a medical
course in college so that one day she is able to help people that is in need. So that’s why she
wants to study STEM strand. She added that she wishes to concentrate mostly on Science. Ms.
Ostia expressed her thoughts about STEM strand that she thinking that this strand is a littile bit
challenging and difficult to pursue but none of that will stop her in choosing the strand.

“I think it is a right strand for me, who will pursue a medical career in the future”
 She gained interest on pursuing the STEM strand because she loves being challenged.
She likes to grow by experiencing difficult tasks. She also added that she is looking forward on
the advantage she will get on applying on different college universities.

“I think I took interest when I heard that it is difficult and it is a right strand for us in
taking some entrance exam in college and universities”

By that being said, she is keen to pursue the STEM strand in order to easily gain
admission to good colleges/universities that provide the medical degree that she desires. She
added. As the dialogue progresses, when asked on what is/are the inspiration in pursuing STEM
strand, she revealed that she was looking forward on the profession she will get on the future.
But now she has better mission on her career to pursue and that is what motivates her. She has
visions to become a successful woman and help people that are in need.

“I think it is the, umm, my mission to pursue medical related career is what motivates
me”.

Ms ostia shared her current problem that she was having a hard time picking between 2
courses in college. According to her

“I think the difficulties I am currently facing is the, inan naga duwa duwa pa po ako kun
an akon e tatake if medicine or law” (“The difficulties I am currently facing is the, is that
I have second thoughts if I should take medicine or law.”)

Since she is opening the topic about difficulties, she was asked if what could be the
possible difficulties she might encounter as a STEM student. She revealed that she was thinking
mathematical concepts, she said that she is having a hard time on mathematics and that is what
she is thinking in the future because STEM strand is mostly focusing on Mathematics and
Science.
 “Since I saw the subjects na ano sa STEM and I think it is difficult, so yes I think amo
idto sha an negative sa ano, yes kay amo idton.” (“Since i saw the subjects that is
connected in STEM, I think it is difficult, so yes I think that’s the negative side” “yes,
especially in mathematics”

When asked what she plans to do if she encounters problems because in general, mathematics is
not always simple to grasp. It requires a great deal of patience and understanding to fully
comprehend the subject.

“I think I’ll just do what, try I can, do what I can do, do my best”

With that spoken by Ms. Ostia, her perspectives on pursuing the STEM strand have been
concluded.

Data Analysis and Coding

The audio recorded interviews were individually transcribed to arrive at an

extended text. As soon as the data gathering was done, the transcription of the audio recorded
responses was made. The participant’s responses in the interview were translated to English for
better understanding and conceptualizing of ideas.

• The perception of Grade 10 students about STEM strand

Table 1. Perceptions of Grade 10 students in STEM Strand

Theme Response
Perceived difficulty Key informant no.10
and challenge “Medyo siya mahirap kasi nangunguna din sa tanan na
strand”
{It’s a bit difficult because it’s also above other stand}
Key informant no.12
“I think I took interest when I heard that it is difficult”
Key informant no.6
 “Ano po pano... para po sa akon challenging po talaga pag
STEM ka”
{For me it is very challenging if you are a STEM student}
Key informant no.1
“Maybe it’s kinda hard
Relevance to Key informants no. 5
specific career “Connected po siya sa akon course na pipilion which is
paths engineering”
{It is connected to the career I will choose which is
engineering}
Key informants no.12
“I think it is a right strand for me, who will pursue a
medical career in the future”

Broad range of Key in formants no.1

disciplines “STEM strand is mostly science and math”
{STEM strand is mostly focuses on Science and
Mathematics}
Key in formants no.9
About po sa topic sa math, about sa mga paga compute,
about English, Science, kag sa Math man po”
{It’s all about topic in math, doing computations, English
and Science related learnings.}

Knowledge Key in formants no.7

acquisition “Inan bagan mas damo akonn maaraman sin ana strand
and high quality na knowledge”
{I think that I can gain more knowledge in this strand}
Key in formants no.2
“Mas Maganda pano pag STEM ka kay dida ka maka
taon san imo gusto maaraman”
{It is ideal if you’ll pursue STEM because there you can
learn new things}

Positive social Key in formants no.11

perception “Maganda pano an iya ano learning education, stem lang
talaga maganda pamatian na STEM student ka, maganda
an name.

Real-life Key in formants no.1

application “My opinion po, sa strand po na ano, the STEM strand is
a strand po that focuses on making solutions for problem,
for problems that is usually gina solusyonan la naton san
other way that is not permanent, so sa STEM strand gina
hanapan ta san permanent solution para sa usad na
bagay or mga problema” {My opinion on STEM strand is
that, STEM strand focuses on mking solutions for
problems, for problems that people are usually just
making temporary solutions. But here on STEM strand it
focuses on making permanent solutions for our major
problems on a certain area or our community}

Table 1 showed the perceptions of grade 10 students on STEM strand. Six themes emerged from
the participants’ responses. These themes include perceived difficulty and challenge, relevance to
specific career paths, broad range of disciplines, knowledge acquisition, positive social perception, and
real-world application.

Theme 1. Perceived difficulty and challenge

Many grade-10 students perceive the STEM strand as difficult and challenging. One of
them shared her perception that:

“Parang medyo siya mahirap kasi nangunguna din sa tanan na strand (It’s a bit difficult
because it’s also above other stands).”

This perception suggests that students anticipate facing rigorous coursework and complex
concepts of subjects. They may view this as a significant obstacle that requires effort and
dedication to overcome.

In addition, 2 of the respondents said that it is challenging because it focus mostly in

science and math subjects. One of them stated that:

“Maybe, its kinda hard kasi mostly science and math” (Maybe it is kind of hard beacuase
mostly it is Science and Math”
 According to the students' impressions of the STEM strand's complexity and challenge,
they anticipate challenging coursework, detailed ideas, and a heavy emphasis on science and
math courses. In relation to the study of (Danilo et al., 2017) STEM students experienced
different challenges such as math solving and science related subjects. They understand that
success in this academic path requires effort and commitment.

Theme 2. Relevance to specific career paths

Half of the participants cited their reason in pursuing the STEM strand is because it was
aligned in their preferred course or careers. According to one of the participants:

“I think it is a right strand for me, who will pursue a medical career in the future.”

One Students express their desire to pursue specific careers within the STEM strand,
such as becoming a doctor and engineer. One stated that:

“Connected po siya sa akon course na pipiion which is Engineering”

This implies that most of the grade 10 students perceived the strand as a pathway to their
chosen professions. This suggests that the students may have a strong interest in science,
technology, engineering and mathematics subjects, which are essential in the pursuit of a medical
or engineering profession. According to (Rafanan et al., 2020) The alignment to the preferred
course in college is the primary reason of the participants for enrolling in STEM. Despite on the
different answers of the respondents there are some students that sees STEM strand as a strand
that is perfect for their choice for the reason that it is related to their courses.

Theme 3. Broad range of disciplines

Some participants cited that STEM covers broad range of topics related to Math, Science,
Research, and English. One said that:

“About po sa topic sa math, about sa mga paga compute, about English, Science kag sa
math man po (It's all about topics in math, doing computations, english, and science related
learnings).”

This perception indicates that some grade 10 students who will pursue STEM strand were
already aware of the core subjects and disciplines that form the foundation of STEM education.
It suggests an expectation of in-depth exploration and understanding in these areas. One said
that:

STEM strand is mostly science and math” {In STEM strand it is mostly in Science and
Mathematics}

Based on the statement of the respondents, it can be concluded that the Grade 10 students’
perception of the STEM strand is that it is heavily focused on math, computations, English, and
science-related subjects. The study of (Satu Kaleva et al., 2019) says that despite the increasing
need for STEM skills, to date, the connection between STEM subject choices and their impact on
students’ educational pathways has not been widely studied.

Theme 4. Knowledge acquisition

Two students express a positive outlook regarding their ability to gain more knowledge
by choosing the STEM strand. They recognize that studying STEM subjects provides
opportunities to expand their understanding and expertise in various fields. One of the
participants mentioned that STEM strand does not only provide basic understanding of various
coursework but also furnish a high-quality education to aspiring STEM students. Stated that:

“Inan bagan mas damo akonn maaraman sin ana strand and high quality na knowledge”
{I think that I can gain more knowledge in this strand}

This perception reflects a desire for intellectual growth and a belief that the STEM strand
offers valuable learning experiences. In addition, one stated that:

“Mas Maganda pano pag STEM ka kay dida ka maka taon san imo gusto maaraman” {It
is ideal if you’ll pursue STEM because there you can learn new things}

For insatance, some students may perceive mathematics as difficult and uninteresting, while
others may find it intriguing and enjoyable. The study of of (Renzo et al., 2020) revealed that
students have different outlook regarding their ability to gain more knowledge by choosing the
STEM strand. In addition to that, Despite to the difficulties the students perceived about STEM
there are still students that are willing to know and learn abut STEM subjects.

Theme 5. Positive social perception

 As two of the participants mention of it being “good to hear” that someone is a STEM
student suggests that there is a positive social perception associated with being a part of the
STEM strand. He said that:

“Challenging pero maganda pano siya pamation (It is challenging but it’s really nice to
hear).” This may indicate a perceived prestige or a strong admiration towards STEM fields.

The fact that people acknowledge the challenges that these students may face but still
admire their dedication and persistence may also contribute to a positive social perception. In
relation to the study of (Anguiano et al., 2022) says that social and emotional (SE) skills are
related to many positive outcomes, including academic performance, degree attainment, and life
satisfaction, and are often taught through social and emotional learning (SEL) programs.

Theme 6. Real- life application

Only one of the participants reasoned out that STEM strand provides opportunities to
develop skills and knowledge that can be used to address real-world issues in their communities.
The participant shared his thought that being an engineer can help the community by providing
vital solutions to common problems. He said that:

“My opinion po, sa strand po na ano, the STEM strand is a strand po that focuses on
making solutions for problem, for problems that is usually gina solusyonan la naton san other
way that is not permanent, so sa STEM strand gina hanapan ta san permanent solution para sa
usad na bagay or mga problema” {My opinion on STEM strand is that, STEM strand focuses on
mking solutions for problems, for problems that people are usually just making temporary
solutions. But here on STEM strand it focuses on making permanent solutions for our major
problems on a certain area or our community}

He envisioned that one day he can make and innovate gadgets to help his fellowmen.
This implies that few grade 10 learners perceive STEM education as a pathway to find
permanent solutions to problems through scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and problem-
solving skills prior to the strand’s proficiency. The study of (Elbih et al., 2022) describes a
productive method for training PSTs to successfully teach STEM lessons by using Social Studies
content to integrate with Mathematics and Science to the real-world applications.
 • Grade 10 student’s motivations in choosing STEM Strand
Table 2. Motivations of Grade 10 students in choosing STEM Strand
Theme Response
Personal aspiration Key informant no. OSTIA
“I think it is the, umm, my mission to pursue medical related career is what
motivates me”

Key informant no. LUCKY

“Like I said before, sa career ko po na ginpili, and sa akon po favorite subject
kay mathematics”
(Like I said before, it was chosen because of my career, and my favorite
subject is mathematics)

Family support/role Key informant no. RUVEA

“My parents, baby and people that surrounds me makes me feel stronger.”

Key informant no. LUCKY

“My family, because tuna po San nag ano ako sa STE, bagan gina support
man lang ako sa kun nano an mapipili ko.”
(My family, because since I became an STE, my family only supports me in
what I choose)
Key informant no.7
"Ga inspire sakon, uhm, ang akon talaga mama, gusto pano namon maabot
an akon dreams, amo an stepping stone ko para maabot ko an pagiging
engineer.” (“What really inspires me is my mom, we really want to achieve
my dreams, it is his stepping stone in order to become an engineer”)

Influence of social Key informant no.4

environment "Si ate kay STEM student sya."
(My sister because she is a STEM student.")

Key informant no.9

“Kay pano po an mga tito ko kay ma engineer kaya amo man an kukuhaon
ko”(It's because my uncles will also take engineering so I decided to take
engineering too)
Desire to help the family Key informant no. 2
“Para po maka tapos para lang po sa akon makukuha na trabaho kag maka
bulig pamilya.”
(For me to graduate and the job that I will get and to help my family)

Peer influence Key informant no. 11

“An iba ko na friend kay ma-take san STEM, kaya I decided na mag STEM
naman” (Some of my friends are taking STEM, so I decided to pursur STEM)
Quality of education Key informant no.8
"Uhmm, dahil po sa higher level of education kag gusto ko po makuha san
more experience and learn more po”
(Uhmm, because of the higher level of education and I want to gain more
experience and learn more)

Table 2 showed the motivations of grade 10 students in choosing STEM strand. Six themes
emerged from the participants’ responses. These themes include personal aspiration, inspired by
family, influence of immersion, desire to help the family, peer influence, and preparedness for
college education.

Theme 1. Personal aspiration

The motivation to pursue a preferred career stems from a deep sense of passion and
fulfillment that arises when one aligns their professional aspirations with their personal interests
and talents. Many grade-10 students are motivated to pursue STEM strand as it covers various
subject disciplines that will enable them to excel and make significant impact in their in their
chosen field. One of the participants said that;
“I think it is the, umm, my mission to pursue medical related career is what motivates
me” (My mission to pursue medical related career is what motivates me).
According to National Library medicine (n.d.), students reported high incoming attitudes
toward STEM education and careers. Students in this modest sample overwhelmingly attributed
elevated and enduring levels of impact on their interest and confidence in pursuing a science or
healthcare-related career to the program.
The participant also mentioned the reason of engaging in this career was to help other
people in need. This implies that some students have a sense of purpose and desire to contribute
to the well-being of others.
Moreover, another participant was felt motivated to choose strand because of the career
and involvement of advance Mathematic concepts. The participant said;
“Like I said before, sa career ko po na ginpili, and sa akon po favorite subject kay
mathematics” (Like I said before, it was chosen because of my career, and my favorite subject is
mathematics).
Students who progress through calculus, either in high school or early in college,
typically have the foundational knowledge to succeed in science, engineering, and statistics
fields in higher education. Thus, one reason for focusing on mathematics coursework is that
students are exposed to abstract concepts and obtain skills in these courses that allow them to
tackle workforce challenges that demand flexible STEM knowledge and skills that can be
applied across STEM fields (Muller et al., 2021)
It signifies that a strong background in mathematics is fundamental in pursuing the
STEM strand, as it forms the backbone of knowledge for future STEM professionals.

Theme 2. Family support/role

 Family motivation plays a crucial role in pursuing STEM fields. A supportive and
encouraging family environment can provide the necessary foundation and inspiration for
students to excel in these disciplines.
Some grade-10 participants stated that their family are those who motivates them in
choosing STEM strand. One of them stated;
“My parents, baby and people that surrounds me makes me feel stronger.”
This implies that the presence of a family holds great importance for those students who
are taking part of STEM curriculum. It fosters a sense of motivation and self-belief in
individuals, particularly in the face of challenges or setbacks.
Another participant also said that;
“My family, because tuna po san nag ano ako sa STE, bagan gina support man lang ako
sa kun nano an mapipili ko.” (My family, because since I became an STE, my family only
supports me in what I choose)
As stated in Qualifax national learner’s data base (2023), research also indicates that
when students feel supported and loved by their parents, they have more confidence in their own
ability to research careers and to choose a career that would be interesting and exciting. This is
important because studies show that adolescents who feel competent regarding career decision-
making, tend to make more satisfying career choices later in life. (Keller 2004).
In addition, one more participated uttered that;

"Ga inspire sakon, uhm, ang akon talaga mama, gusto pano namon maabot an akon
dreams, amo an stepping stone ko para maabot ko an pagiging engineer.” (“What really inspires
me is my mom, we really want to achieve my dreams, it is his stepping stone in order to become
an engineer”)

The emotional support and sense of belonging that family motivations can contribute to
over-all well-being, reducing stress and anxiety associated with academic or professional
pursuits. In conclusion, the importance of family cannot be overstated, as it nurtures a supportive
environment which is vital for the academic performance of the students to succeed on their
perspective career.

Theme 3. Influence of social environment

Social environment can be an influential factor in career path of the students. Humans are
social beings, and our interactions with others can greatly influence our thoughts, beliefs, and
aspirations. Students, in particular, are highly susceptible to the influences of their social
environment as they are in the process of self-discovery and are heavily influenced by the
opinions and experiences of those around them.
Two participants were influenced by their family and relatives that affected their career
choices.
The first one said;
"Si ate kay STEM student sya." (My sister because she is a STEM student)

While the other one said;

“Kay pano po an mga tito ko kay ma engineer kaya amo man an kukuhaon ko”(It's
because my uncles will also take engineering so I decided to take engineering too)
It implies that their family or relatives plays a critical role in shaping their decision in
chosen careers. As few of their family are also inclined to STEM strand, the participants are
encouraged to pursue the same strand as their sister and uncles.
Based on the study of Ukwueze (2019), it observes that gender and parents’ academic
qualification has significant influence on the career choice of students in secondary schools.
However, the parents of the two participants did not influence their decision but rather the other
family members have made them to choose STEM strand.

Theme 4. Desire to help the family

One participant indicated his desire to help his family as one of his motivations in
choosing STEM strand. The student said;
“Para po maka tapos para lang po sa akon makukuha na trabaho kag maka bulig
pamilya.” (For me to graduate and the job that I will get and to help my family)

This may suggest that some students pursue their education mainly to help their families.

Furthermore, the financial rewards associated with STEM careers can alleviate the economic
burdens faced by many families. Students are aware that STEM occupations often offer higher
salaries, job security, and growth opportunities compared to other fields. By pursuing a STEM
education, students aim to secure stable and well-paying jobs that can not only support their
families' immediate needs but also provide them with a strong foundation for the future.

According to the study of Funk & Parker (2018), About half or more of the general public
– whether they are employed in STEM or non-STEM jobs – believe that STEM jobs pay better,
attract more of the brightest young people and are more well-respected.

The motivation to choose STEM fields to help their families is driven by the recognition
of the career prospects, financial stability, and the potential for societal impact that these fields
offer. Students understand that by acquiring STEM skills and knowledge, they can contribute to
advancements in various industries and improve the well-being of their families. This motivation
reflects the desire to provide a better future for their loved ones and underscores the significance
of STEM education in shaping both individual lives and society as a whole.
Theme 5. Peer influence

Peers and people make an impact on adding the inspiration to pursue STEM strand. Some
Grade 10 students influence by the decision of their friend on what strand to choose. One of our
respondents said that
“An iba ko na friend kay ma-take san STEM, kaya I decided na mag STEM naman”
(Some of my friends are taking STEM, so I decided to pursue STEM).
In addition to that, despite on people that are being motivated by their personal aspiration
there are still some students are making decision that is purely influenced just by their friends. In
Relation to the study of (Aldrich et al., 2020)This study investigates whether financial status with
self choice; and peer influence are the reason of choosing STEM strand.

Theme .6 Quality of education

Students are looking forward to the idea of the advantage they will get on pursuing
STEM strand when they go to college. Some students are feeling motivated when they see that
this strand is focusing the career they are pursuing on college. One respondent said that:

Uhmm, dahil po sa higher level of education kag gusto ko po makuha san more
experience and learn more po”
(Uhmm, because of the higher level of education and I want to gain more experience and learn
more)
As stated by the respondents, this proves that despite on the different motivation other
student hold, there are still students that is looking forward and being motivated to pursue STEM
strand for the reason that it is in line to their course on college. In relation to the study of
According to (Rafanan et al., 2020) The alignment to the preferred course in college is the
primary reason of the participants for enrolling in STEM.

3. The possible challenges perceived by Grade 10 students in pursuing STEM strand.

Table 3. Possible challenges perceived by Grade 10 students in pursuing STEM strand.

Theme Response
Coping up with Math Key Informant no.1
lessons “Maybe sa pag cope up po sa lessons po, nahihirapan po ako sa
math, sa math man lang po ako nahihirapan”
(“Maybe coping up with the lesson because I am not good at
mathematics, only mathematics is the subject that I find difficult”)
Key Informant no. 2
“Research, an paga himo san essays kag sa Math talaga”
“(Research, making essays and mostly Math)”
 Key Informant no.11
“Dili ako madali maka catch up sa Math, wara na amo lang ako
mahina”
“(I am not good at catching up on math, only math I am not good
at)”
Key Informant no.12
“Since I saw the subjects na ano sa STEM and I think it is difficult,
so yes, I think amo idto sha an negative sa ano, yes kay amo idton”
“(Since I saw that is connected in STEM, I think it is difficult, so
yes I think that’s the negative side””yes especially in
mathematics)”
Difficulty in writing essays Key Informant no.2
“Research, an paga himo san essays kag sa Math talaga”
“(Research, making essays and mostly Math)”

Key Informant no.5

“Like I prefer na mag problem solving kesa magwrite san essays
kay dito talaga ako mas nahihirapan”
“(Like I prefer to do problem solving than writing essays because I
really have difficulty here)”
Challenges in conducting Key Informant no.2
research projects “San first year nahihirapan pero san third year nadalian nalang po
kay gin enjoy ko na”
“(When I was on first year, I experienced difficulties on making
one, but when I was at third year, it was easier)”
Key Informant no.2
“Research, an paga himo san essays kag sa math talaga”
“(Research, making essays and mostly Math)”
Key Informant no.4
“An research, kay para sa Akon amo an pinaka mahirap sa tanan”
“(Research, because it is the most difficult and challenging task
for me)”
Key Informant no. 6
“Sa research po o an pag conduct san research”
“(It is difficult in research subject or conducting a research)”
 Key Informant no.7
“Siguro, research, mahirap talaga para sakon an research “
“(I think, research, research is really difficult for me)”

Financial concerns Key Informant no.6

“Uhmm, financial problems or an expenses po talaga”
“(Uhmm, it might be financial problems or the expenses)”
Performance anxiety Key Informant no.9
“Sa mag reporting po o pag ga perform sa tunga”
“(In doing reporting and performing in front of other people)”
Comparison and transition Key Informant no.10
“Kasi advantage san mag STE. Mas maganda kung naging STE
ako from G7 to G10 kaya challenge sa akon kay SPA ako tas ma
STEM”
“(The STE curriculum has an advantage. It would’ve been better if
I also took STE from G7 to G10, it would be a challenge for me
because I am SPA then I will be taking STEM)”
Key Informant no.11
“Habo ko san may ma kokompetisyon kag sa mga student na naga
isip naga kompetensya”
“(I don’t like to have a competition with someone, and to students
who thinks of competing)”

Theme 1. Coping up with Math lessons

Mathematics is known as one of the core subjects in STEM strand, specializing also in
other subjects such as Science and Research. Some students in grade 10 perceives it as one of the
challenges they will face in pursuing STEM strand and says that:

“Sa pag cope up po sa lessons, nahihirapan po ako sa math (In coping up with the lessons,
I really have difficulties in math)”

The given answer states that mathematics, commonly, is one of the burden they shall
carry amongst themselves in order to continue pursuing STEM strand. Knowing the difficulties
of math in senior high especially in STEM, they might see this as a obstacle needing dedication
or perseverance to overcome.
 According to PISA (2018), a comprehensive assessment of 15-year old students’ abilities
in reading, mathematics, and science. The results reveal that students’ performance in math
varies significantly across countries, with some nations showing higher levels of Math anxiety
and lower levels of self-efficacy among students. In relation to the study of
Cheryan,S.,Master,A,& Meltzoff,A. (2015), the role of cultural stereotypes in shaping students’
interest and self-efficacy in STEM subjects, particularly for girls, is to propose strategies for
broadening stereotypes and increasing representation of women in STEM to help all students
cope better with Math lessons.

Theme 2. Difficulty in writing essays

Out of all the grade 10 respondents, 2 of them stated their difficulty in writing essays
because it wasn’t their specialty. According to them:

“Nahihirapan talaga ako pag naga himo na san essays (I really have difficulties when it
comes in writing essays)”

Meaning that grammar/essays are perceived by them as a challenge in pursuing STEM

strand. This also implies that these are the ones that they should improve themselves not just
before and during their time in STEM strand, but also after so that this can further help them in
their desired courses and that’s because courses doesn’t only specialize in one certain subject but
multiple.

According to National Center for Education Statistics (2018), students in grade 8 and
grade 12, providing a foundation for understanding the difficulties faced by grade 10 students in
essay writing. The report indicates that only 27% of grade 8 students and 37% of grade 12
students scored at or above the proficient level in writing and in connection with the study
conducted by Subramaniam,R.(2018) discusses the challenges and future directions of STEM
education. One of the mentioned challenges is the integration of communication skills, including
essay writing, in STEM curriculum. Effective communication is essential for future STEM
professionals.

Theme 3. Challenges in conducting research projects

 Almost half of the respondents said that based on their experiences in junior high which
already has a Research subject, it is the most difficult subject they had ever faced. Upon
reaching senior high school, pursuing STEM strand will give them another research related
burdens that they should face as another challenge.

“An research, kay para sakon amo an pinaka mahirap sa tanan (Research, because it is
the most difficult and challenging task for me)”

The statement says that as a complex subject, research is too much for them to handle but
they’re eager to learn, craving for knowledge, wanting to surpass that weakness they have. A
study conducted by Yildirim,G.,&Kalkan,S.(2019), discusses the challenges faced by high school
students in STEM education, including conducting research projects. The study highlights the
lack of research skills, resource and time constraints and inadequate teacher support which is
according to a study conducted by Barnett,M.,&Hodson,D.(2001), examines the knowledge and
support that teachers provide to students undertaking specific research projects. The findings
suggest that teachers often lack the necessary pedagogical content knowledge, which hampers
students’ ability to conduct effective research.

Theme 4. Financial concerns

One of the participants stated that the financial concern might be one of the challenges in
pursuing STEM strand especially in this respondent’s place stating that:

“Uhmm, financial problems or an expenses po talaga (Uhmm, it might be financial

problems or the expenses)”

Taking STEM as the strand for the ongoing senior high school year might cost us a lot
that we expect to, so financial support is a must. According to Chigonga,B.,&Bhukuvhani,C.
(2019), students from low-income backgrounds often face financial constraints that limit their
access to essential educational resources such as textbooks, laboratory equipment, and
technology. Without adequate resources, students may struggle to fully engage in STEM subjects
and develop their skills effectively.

Theme 5. Performance anxiety

One of the chosen respondents stated their poor performance when facing man people, it
is natural and takes a lot of courage to stand I front of a crowd. The respondent said:
 “Sa mag reporting po o pag ga perform sa tunga” (In doing reporting and performing in
front of other people)”

Yes, some students have stage fright or let’s just say, they have those introvert genes
running through them that prevents them from facing a crowd but some people manages to
overcome this. According to Stoeber,J.,&Damian.L.E(2014), a study conducted that focuses on
the link between perfectionism and anxiety in academic settings. Grade 10 students pursuing the
STEM strand may exhibit perfectionistic tendencies, striving for high standards and fearing
mistakes. The constant self-critical thinking and pressure to achieve flawlessness can contribute
to performance anxiety among these students.

Theme 6. Comparison and transition

Some of the respondents compares themselves to the ones who have gained higher
knowledge or in higher sections and doesn’t believe in themselves because of the curriculum
they are currently in and the gap of that curriculum to the strand they are taking. According to
them:

“Kasi advantage san mag STE. Mas maganda kung naging STE ako from G7 to G10 kaya
challenge sa akon kay SPA ako tas ma STEM” (The STE curriculum has an advantage. It
would’ve been better if I also took STE from G7 to G10, it would be a challenge for me because I
am SPA then I will be taking STEM)”

According to the statement given by one of the respondents, it is because of the

difference of the current curriculum they are in and on what will they take in senior high school
which is STEM strand. Another one states that:

“Habo ko san may ma kokompetisyon kag sa mga student na naga isip naga kompetensya
(I don’t like to have a competition with someone, and to students who thinks of competing)”

The respondent doesn’t want to get involved with those who thinks of competing and
doesn’t want to have a competition with them. These respondents shows gaps between them and
others, according to National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017), it
discusses the career aspirations and opportunities available to students pursuing the STEM
strand. Grade 10 students pursuing the STEM strand often demonstrate a strong interest in
STEM-related careers and have access to a wide range of future opportunities in fields such as
engineering, technology and research. In addition to that, Wang,H.H.,&Hsu,Y.S.(2018), it
suggests that grade 10 students in the STEM strand generally exhibit positive attitudes towards
STEM subjects and perceive them as relevant and important for their future careers. However,
the study also identifies certain factors, such as teaching methods and classroom environments,
that can influence students’ attitudes.

Summary of Findings

1. Most of the key informants perceived STEM strand as difficult and challenging
because it is fundamental to complex concepts and hands-on experience. Others perceived that it
is relevant to their career as they mentioned that medical courses and engineering are covered in
STEM education. Some stated that STEM strand have a broad range of subjects including
English, Science, Mathematics, and Research. Participants also thought that they can gain more
knowledge and learn new things. Few of them have a positive perception towards the strand
stating that it is a good strand and also it is nice to be called a STEM student. And one participant
shared his opinion that STEM strand focuses on making solutions to human and world problems.

2. With regards to the things that motivates the key informants in choosing STEM
strand, they gave some interesting answers, formulating six themes. Many of them said that they
are motivated by their family and relatives. One of them also mentioned that her baby give her
the strength to continue studying. Two of the participants wanted to pursue their chosen careers.
Others are motivated by some people who are in the field of STEM education. A participant who
want to finish and get a college degree to help his family. One participant was influenced by his
friend to take STEM strand in Senior High School. While the last participant said that the level
of education is what motivates him as he will gain more experience, learn more, and to make the
learning in collage be manageable.

3. Participants were asked on the possible challenges that they may perceived
about STEM strand. Based on their statements, they mentioned several challenges and others
shared the same answer. Almost all the participants expressed their perceived challenges in
conducting research. Most of them said that they find it difficult to do research projects and does
not have any experiences of doing so. Some stated that coping up with math lessons, difficulty of
writing essays, and anxiety in doing class reports are the common challenges that they presume.
Another participant indicate the financial concerns like school expenses and two participants
include the competition of students and lack of experience.
Conclusions

1. The perceptions that grade 10 students hold about STEM strand include
perceived difficulty and challenge, relevance to specific career paths, broad range of disciplines,
knowledge acquisition, positive social perception, and real-life application.

2. The motivations of grade 10 students in choosing STEM strand include

personal aspiration, family support/role, influence of social environment, desire to help the
family, peer influence, and quality of education.

3. The possible challenges that grade 10 students perceived in choosing STEM

strand include coping up with Math lessons, difficulty in writing essays, challenges in conducting
research projects, financial concerns, performance anxiety, and comparison and transition.

Recommendations

In line with research themes, these are some of the recommendation researchers
have put forward.

1. The students must do research so that they can have advance knowledge about
the strand they are planning to pursue especially that they wanted to pursue STEM strand.
First thing must search and look on the brighter side of STEM strand, not just about
difficulties and challenges. Look on the interest you are striving and make that as a
motivation.

2. The students must continue on pulling inspiration and motivation so that they
have a root strength in every battle ang challenges they will encounter in the future. You
heard this from a STEM student. “Take everything you have even you know that is difficult,
take those difficulties as a motivation and you will be unstoppable. Always remember that
mistakes makes you stronger.

3. The researchers suggest to do some research on the subjects what STEM strand
offer. Start practicing your words and speaking fluently on English especially that it focuses
more on reporting and conducting research. While still early study during your summer
vacation, do your advance study so that you won’t have a hard time on solving or learning
the topic. The earlier the better, memorize the periodic table because it will help you
familiarize the elements and you won’t have a hard time on your chemistry. Don’t hesitate to
ask your questions or clarification to your question because that will hep you grow. Always
remember that a child that asks question is a example of a smart kid.
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for-big-data-management/3642
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Letter of Approval
APPENDIX B: Letter of Consent
APPENDIX C: Interview Questionnaire
APPENDIX D: Data Gathering Documentation