Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Justifying the Conduct of Research
Name of Learner:
Grade Level: 11_
Strand/Track: HUMSS-ACADEMIC
Section:
Date: (Week 2)
A. Background Information for Learners
The lesson is about justifications/reasons for conducting research. It involves
activities which can help the students to master the assigned competency.
B. Learning Competency with code
Provides the justifications/reasons for conducting the research
C. Directions/ Instructions
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:
1. Read and follow each direction carefully.
2. Accomplish each activity for the mastery of competency.
3. Use the Learning Activity Sheets with care.
4. Record your points for each activity
5. Always aim to get at least 80% of the total number of given items.
6. If you have any questions, contact, or see your teacher through messenger/text
D. Exercises / Activities
D.1 INTRODUCTION
a. What I need to Know
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:
1. identify the background of study and its parts;
2. determine the research gap;
3. justify the reasons of conducting the research; and
4. outline the background of research.
b. What’s New?
Activity 1: Scrutinize Me On
Directions. Below is a sample of a shortened Background of the Study section of
a research paper by Quintana (2019). Scrutinize the sample, answer the
following questions, and explain your answers.
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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
The Philippines has recently implemented the K-12 Curriculum which goal is to
create a functional basic education system that will produce productive and responsible
citizens equipped with the essential competencies and skills for both lifelong learning
and employment (DepEd Website, 2018). This goal shall be realized by making
the kindergarten mandatory and adding two more years to the basic education which
used to be just ten years to complete (Official Gazette, 2015).
Gearing towards employability, entrepreneurship, and further studies, the
Senior High School curriculum prepared by the Department of Education
offers core, applied/contextualized, and specialized subjects, totaling to 31, all of
which are to be taken by the students. Applied or contextualized subjects are likewise
offered across all tracks and strand; however, as the name suggests, these
subjects are to be taught depending on the specific context of the tracks and strands.
To date, the Department of Education has only issued teaching guides
and learning materials to some selected core and specialized subjects in the senior
high school. Teachers, therefore, have to rely on commercially available materials to
teach the contextualized subjects. However, commercially available materials,
especially in the case of Practical Research, are mostly generic in their approach and
not contextualized to the needs of the learners. Therefore, there is a need to develop
materials on the said subject that are truly contextualized to each of the tracks and
strands.
In this study, the researcher will focus on developing and validating an
instructional material in Practical Research 2 for STEM students, one of the
applied subjects which does not have an available instructional material for teachers
yet.
Questions to Ponder:
1. Which paragraph gives general information about the topic?
2. Which paragraph announces the purpose of the study?
3. Which paragraph gives rationale or justification of the study?
4. Which paragraph gives specific context about the topic?
5. Based on the sample presented, how do you think is the background of the study
written?
6. Based on the sample presented, what do you think is the background of the study?
Activity 2: Fact or Bluff
Directions. Write FACT if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write BLUFF.
1. It is okay to use redundant expressions like “A Study of” and “An Investigation of” to
make the title long.
2. A research title should not be more than 15 words.
3. Put a period at the end of the title because it is already considered as one sentence.
4. Spell out unfamiliar abbreviations.
5. Titles are tentative and they may still be changed until the final submission of the paper.
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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
What is It
Directions: Refer on the given lecture entitled to have a better understanding
about the topic.
Research
Introduction
The first chapter of a proposal consists of several subheadings or sections: background,
research questions, objectives, limitations, rationale, hypothesis (optional), statement of the
problem, and methodology. Discuss with your adviser as to which section should be omitted
or added.
Subheadings and what they mean:
Background – What is the context of this problem? In what situation or environment can it be
observed? (Provide sufficient information for the readers to understand the topic you are
researching about.)
Statement of the Problem – What is it that we do not know? What is the gap in our
knowledge this research will fill? What needs to be improved?
Rationale or Justification of the Study – Why is this research important? Who will benefit?
Why do we need to know this?
Research Questions – What is it that you want to find out? (a question that’s broad enough to
stimulate your interest and narrow enough that you can provide a convincing answer)
*Hypotheses – What ideas are suggested as possible explanation for the problem, situation
or condition and will be proved to be correct or incorrect by the research?
Objectives – What steps will the researcher take to try and fill this gap or improve the
situation? (Relate them to the research problem.)
Break down a general objective into minor, connected parts (specific objectives). Specific
objectives should systematically address the different research questions, and specify what
you will do in your study, where and for what purpose.
*Scope of the Study – Is the study limited to a specific geographical area or people, or to only
certain aspects of the situation? Is there any aspect of the problem the researcher will not
discuss?
*Limitation of the Study – Is there any factor, condition or circumstances that will prevent the
researcher from achieving all his/her objectives?
Assumptions – In considering the methods, model, formulation or approach, are there
important conditions or states that the researcher takes to be true?
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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
Conceptual Framework – sometimes referred to as “theoretical framework”; presents your
ideas in a model or illustration of what you intend to investigate and some theories related to
it. The research problem is a part of the conceptual framework that you will build based on
the existing theories and research
*The sections, Scope of the Study and Limitation of the Study, can be combined in one
section to form the “Scope and Limitation of the Study”. When writing the remaining chapters
of the thesis, the Limitation of the Study should be included in Chapter 3 as part of the
Methodology.
Additional lecture on the parts of the background of the study:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA55t5SpXJk
Lecture on the research gap:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBJhYYsw5gA
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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
Activity 3: Choose Me
Directions. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This refers to an issue that has not been fully addressed by the previous studies:
a. Research topic c. Research problem
b. Research question d. Research gap
2. It introduces important facets that establish the general context where the study
revolves:
a. Background of the Study c. Significance of the Study
b. Delimitations of the Study d. Scope of the Study
3. Which is NOT highlighted in the Background of the Study?
a. Scope of your study c. General information about your topic
b. Context of your topic d. Justification on your topic
4. Which is NOT one of the components considered in establishing the research gap?
a. Current state of the field
b. Current and conventional practices in addressing the issue
c. The questions that need to be answered
d. Contribution of the present study in addressing the research gap
5. Why is it important to establish the research gap?
a. It helps your study appear more convincing.
b. It helps you look a good researcher.
c. It helps you establish the relevance of your study.
d. It is required in the paper.
6. Erica is interested to know the basic difficulty, the issue, the concern, the
circumstances which exist, how they ought to be. What part of the research she should
read?
a. Significance of the Study c. Background of the Study
b. Scope and Delimitation d. Statement of the Problem
7. Which of the following is a sample of a research gap?
a. The current study aims to explore the lived experiences of the novice Senior High
School teachers.
b. In 2016, the penultimate year of the full implementation of the K-12 curriculum, the
Senior High School (SHS) was formally put into operation.
c. However, since the two learning institutions are very much dissimilar in their
practices, this might give HEI teachers a hard time adjusting to their new found
environment.
d. Presently, the SHS teachers’ experiences are poorly understood.
8. Which of the following is a sample of a purpose statement?
a. The current study aims to explore the lived experiences of the novice Senior High
School teachers.
b. In 2016, the penultimate year of the full implementation of the K-12 curriculum, the
Senior High School (SHS) was formally put into operation.
c. However, since the two learning institutions are very much dissimilar in
their practices, this might give HEI teachers a hard time adjusting to their new
found environment.
d. Presently, the SHS teachers’ experiences are poorly understood.
5
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
9. Which of the following gives general information?
a. The current study aims to explore the lived experiences of the novice Senior High
School teachers.
b. In 2016, the penultimate year of the full implementation of the K-12 curriculum,
the
Senior High School (SHS) was formally put into operation.
c. However, since the two learning institutions are very much dissimilar in
their practices, this might give Higher Education Institutions (HEI) teachers a hard
time adjusting to their new found environment.
d. Presently, the SHS teachers’ experiences are poorly understood.
10. Which of the following shows the correct organization of the background of the study?
a. Specific context – general information – gap – purpose statement
b. Purpose statement – general information – specific context – gap
c. General information – specific context – gap – purpose statement
d. General information – specific context –purpose statement - gap
Activity 4: Question and Answer
Directions: Respond to the following guide questions.
1. How did you differentiate the different parts of the background of the study?
2. Why is it important to justify the reasons in conducting the research?
References
Barrot, Jesse. Practical research 2 for senior high school. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc,
(2017).
Lee, Merly et.al. Walking you through research. Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing, Inc,
(2014).
Mullor-Bloch, Christoph and Kranz, Johann. A framework for rigorously identifying research
gaps in qualitative literature reviews. International Conference on Information
Systems 2015. (December 2015). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.ne
publication/283271278_A_Framework_for_Rigorously_Identifying_Research_Gaps
_in_Qualitative_Literature_Reviews
Quintana, Joselito. Development and validation of modules in PR 2. 2019 Conference of
Basic Education Researchers, PICC, Pasay City, October 29 – 31. Department
of Education Region 4A (CALABARZON)
Schumacher, Lisa Anne. The caregiver's journey: a phenomenological study of the
lived experience of leisure for caregivers in the sandwich generation who care for a
parent with dementia. MA (Master of Arts) thesis, University of Iowa, 2010.
(2010). Retrieved from http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/599.
