ANSC 107 1st Edition
Lecture
2
Outline of Last Lecture
I. Introductory to Animal Science
Outline of Current Lecture
II. General Terms
Current Lecture
Ad libitum- allowing animals to eat all they want at all times
Compensatory growth- increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment
Calorie- the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 15 to
16 degrees C
Kilo calorie- equivalent to 1000 calories
Concentrate- A feed that is high in energy, low in fiber, content and highly digestible
TDN-Total digestible nutrients
-Includes total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat
(multiplied by 2.25) all added together.
Roughage-feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. Such as hay,
straw, silage, and pasture
Feeder-Animals that need no further feeding prior to slaughter
-Feeder pigs-very loud and smell bad
Fill-the contents of digestive tract
-Cannula-used to measure amount of fill in an animal
-In meat science industry-high fill=lower yield (less fill is best)
Carcass Merit-the value of a carcass for consumption
These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best
used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.
Dark Cutter-Color of the lean in the carcass. CAUSED BY LONGTERM STRESS
-Has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughter
-High moisture content
Contemporary group- a set of animals of the same sex and breed that have been raised under
similar environmental and management conditions
Cull-to eliminate from the breeding population
-Due to sickness, genetic defect etc. * crucial to production
Fertility-The capacity to initiate, sustain and support reproduction
Libido-Sex drive of the male
Haploid-half the normal number of chromosomes found in sperm and ova
A.I.- Abbreviation for artificial insemination
E.T.- Abbreviation for embryo transfer
Clone-an individual grown from single somatic cell of its parent and genetically identical to it
-Reasons to clone-good animal, yield grade 2, high marbling
-Not practical-cost to high to clone
Estrus/ Heat- the period of mating activity in the female
Estrous- and adjective meaning “heat” that modifies such words as “cycle”. Estrous cycle is the
heat cycle or time from one hear period to the next
Estrus synchronization- controlling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in
the herd express estrus at the same time
-Used mostly in the dairy industry (Artificial insemination)
Gestation Period-Term of pregnancy****
Specie Gestation Period
Equine mare) 340 Days
Bovine (cow/heifer) 283 days
Porcine (sow) 113 days
Ovine (sheep) 147 days
Caprine (goats) 147 days
Dystocia-difficult birth
Colostrum-the fist milk given by the female following delivery of her young. Contains high levels
of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity
Lactation period- period that female produces milk
Dry-refers to a non-lactating female (mare, cow, ewe, sow)
Weaning-taking a young animal from is dam (mother)
Anestrous Period- the time when a female is not in estrus. The non-breading season
Open-refers to non-pregnant females
DHIA- Dairy Herd Improvement Association-dairy herds participate in keeping records
Scurs-small hornlike tissue attached to the skin of polled or dehorned animals
Castration-Removing the testicles
Spaying-The removal of the ovaries from the female reproductive tract
-Most often done in cats and dogs
Breed- animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other
groups within the same species
Bovine-Refers to cattle
Equine-refers to horses
Porcine-refers to swine
Caprine-refers to goats
Ovine-refers to sheep
Cattle Horses Swine Goats Sheep Cat Dogs Poultr
y
Male of Bull Stallion Boar Buck Ram Tom Dog Cock
Breeding
age
Mature Cow Mare Sow Doe Ewe Pussy Bitch Hen
female
Young Bullock Colt Shoat Buck Ram Kitten Puppy dog Chick
Male Kid Lamb
Young Heifer Filly Gilt Doe Ewe Gib Puppy Chick
Female Kid Lamb Bitch
Newborn Calf Foal Pig Kid Lamb Neuter Pup Chick
Unsexed Steer Gelding Barrow Wether Wether Bevy Castrate Capon
Male
Unsexed Spayed Spayed Spayed Spayed Spayed Neuter Spayed -------
Female
Groups Herd Herd Drove Band Flock --------- Pack Flock
Genus Bos Equus Sus Capra Ovis --------- Canis Gallus
Act of Servin Coverin Coupling Serving Tupping Mating Copulatin Mating
Breeding/ g g g
Mating
Act of Calving Fouling Farrowing Kidding Lambin Littering Whelping -------
Parturition g
