General Physics 2 Activity Sheet

Quarter 4 – MELC 6
Week 2
Factors Affecting the Magnitude
and Direction of Electromagnetic
Field and Current

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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General Physics 2
Activity Sheet No. 6: FACTORS AFFECTING THE MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF
EMF AND CURRENT

First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education Region 6 –Western Visayas

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transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.ntroductory Message

Development Team of General Physics 2 Activity Sheet

Writer: Joemarie S. Selibio

Glenn Mark D. Fallera

Editors: Jave N. Salinas

Rey J I. Gonzales

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Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Physics 2 for Grade 12!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through
the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to
guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults) in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Physics 2 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made
available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Physics 2 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner,
carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer
the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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Name of Learner: ___________________________________________________
Grade and Section:_______________________________Date: _________________

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 6

Factors Affecting the Magnitude and Direction of
Electromagnetic Field and Current

I Learning Competency with Code

• Identify the factors that affect the magnitude of the induced emf and the
magnitude and direction of the induced current (Faraday’s Law).
(STEM_GP12EM – IVa - 1)

II Background Information for Learners

A classical field known as electromagnetic field (also EM field) is produced by
accelerating electric charges. It is the field defined by classical electrodynamics and
is the classical equivalent to the quantized electromagnetic field tensor in quantum
electrodynamics. The electromagnetic field transmits at the speed of light and
interacts with charges and currents. Its quantum equivalent is one of the four
fundamental forces of nature (the others are gravitation, weak interaction, and strong
interaction.)

The field can be perceived as the mixture of an electric field and a magnetic
field. The electric field is created by static charges, and the magnetic field by moving
charges (currents); these two are often called as the sources of the field. The way in
which charges and currents relate with the electromagnetic field is explained by
Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law. The force generated by the electric
field is much stronger than the force generated by the magnetic field.

III Activity Proper

Electromagnetic Field
➢ The Biot-Savart Law connects
magnetic fields to the currents which
are their suppliers. In a comparable
manner, Coulomb's law connects
electric fields to the point
charges which are their sources.
Finding the magnetic field
resultant from a current
distribution involves the vector
product and is essentially a Figure 1. Shows how Biot-Savart Law connects
calculus problem when the distance from the
magnetic current
fields to the field point is always
to the currents

changing.

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 ➢ Each infinitesimal current element
makes a contribution to the
magnetic field at point P which is
perpendicular to the current
element, and perpendicular to the
radius vector from the current
element to the field point P.
Figure 2. Shows the path of the current and magnetic field

➢ The connection between the

magnetic field contribution and its
source current element is known as
the Biot-Savart law.

➢ The magnetic field contribution

path follows the right-hand rule for
a straight wire. This direction
occurs from the vector product Figure 3. Biot-Savart Law on finite straight line
nature of the dependence upon
electric current.

➢ The magnetic field in space around

an electric current is proportionate
to the electric current which serves
as its supply, just as the electric
field in space is proportional to the
charge which serves as its source.
For any closed loop path, the sum
of the length elements times the
magnetic field in the direction of the
Figure 4. Formula of magnetic field
length element is equal to the
permeability times the electric
current enclosed in the loop based
on Ampere's Law.
➢ Taking a quadrilateral direction
about which to assess Ampere's
Law such that the length of the side
parallel to the solenoid field is L
gives a contribution BL inside the
coil. The field is basically
perpendicular to the sides of the
path, giving negligible contribution. If
the end is taken so far from the coil
that the field is insignificant, then the
length inside the coil is the central Figure 5. Magnetic field in a solenoid
contribution.

➢ This turns out to be a good approximation for the solenoid field, particularly
in the case of an iron core solenoid.

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 ➢ Faraday’s law is a fundamental law of electromagnetism predicting how a
magnetic field will cooperate with an electric circuit to generate an
electromotive force (EMF). This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic
induction.

➢ Faraday’s First Law

o Any change in the magnetic field
of a coil of wire will cause an emf
to be induced in the coil. This emf
generated is called induced emf
and if the conductor circuit is shut
down, the current will also
circulate through the circuit and
this current is called induced
current.
o Method to change the magnetic
field:
Figure 6. Faraday’s Law
▪ By moving a magnet in
the direction of or away
from the coil
▪ By shifting the coil into or out of the magnetic field
▪ By altering the area of a coil placed in the magnetic field
▪ By spinning the coil relative to the magnet

➢ Faraday’s Second Law

o It states that the magnitude of emf induced in the coil is equivalent
to the rate of change of flux that connects with the coil. The flux
relationship of the coil is the product of the number of turns in the coil
and flux coupled with the coil.

Key Points:
• By adding the number of turns in the coil it increases the magnitude.
• By increasing magnetic field strength i.e B surrounding the coil-
Mathematically, if magnetic field increases, flux rises and if flux rises emf
induced will also get increased. Theoretically, if the coil is passed across
a stronger magnetic field, there will be more lines of force for the coil to
cut and hence there will be more emf induced.
• By boosting the speed of the relative motion between the coil and the
magnet – If the comparative speed between the coil and magnet is
improved from its preceding value, the coil will cut the lines of flux at a
swifter rate, so more induced emf would be generated.
• When a double loop of wire is utilized, the kick on the millivoltmeter is
twofold as large as before. A tripple loop produces three times the e.m.f.
and so on. This confirms that "the e.m.f. is proportionate to the number of
turns in a coil."
• The quicker the wire is moved, the greater the kick, but smaller the time
it lasts for. this implies that the speed at which the conductor moves
through the magnetic field also affects the magnitude of induced e.m.f.
• It can also be displayed that the extended the length of the conductor in
the magnetic field then the more induced e.m.f.

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 • Based on electromagnetic induction of Faraday's law indicated as " the
induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the percentage at which the
magnetic lines of forces are cut."

Activity 1. Electromagnetic Induction

Materials:
• Cardboard about 15
cm x 20 cm • Small compass
• Four dry cells • Wire
• Switch • Copper wire coil with 10, 20, 30
loops

Procedure:

For Straight line:

1. Insert a connecting wire through a cardboard about
15 cm x 20 cm. Position the materials. Hold the
insulated connecting wires 10 cm below and 10 cm
above the cardboard.
2. Attach the wire to a switch and to four dry cells
arranged in series. Determine the direction of the
current when you close the switch. Open the switch.
3. Place a small compass (around 1 cm in diameter) at
a point very near the wire. Turn on the switch and
note the direction of the compass needle.
4. Position the compass at various points around and
equidistant from the vertical wire. Record what you
observed.
5. Reverse the direction of the current by changing the wire’s connection to the dry
cells. Repeat step 3. Figure 9. Experiment Set up
For Coil
1. Make a copper coil with 10, 20, 30 loops.
2. Place the compass at the center of the coil. Orient
the plane of the coil in the north-south direction.
3. Turn the switch on momentarily and observe the
compass needle. Switch the current off right away.
4. Repeat procedure 2 to 3 for the coil with 20 and 30
loops.

1. Guide Questions
For Straight Wire Experiment:
1. How does the direction of magnetic field B relate to that of electric current?
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2. As you reverse the position of the battery, what have you observe?
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 For the coil experiment:
3. For the coil with 10 loops, what is the direction and magnitude of the magnetic
field?
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4. For the coil with 20 and 30 loops, what is the direction and magnitude of the
magnetic field?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

5. Differentiate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field from coil with 10,
20 and 30 loops?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

6. What do you think is/are the factor/s affecting the magnitude and direction of
the induced EMF?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

For additional reference for factors affecting the magnitude and direction of
electromagnetic field and current you can open and do the activity in Phet Colorado using
this link:

• https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/faraday

IV Reflection
Look around you. List at least five other instruments or devices that use
electromagnets to operate. Explain how they work.
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 V Answer Key

the magnitude of the magnetic field.

magnetic field the greater the induced emf. As the magnet goes faster it increases
6. As the coil increases the magnitude increases. As we increase the magnitude of
also increases.
The direction of the magnetic field is clockwise. As the coil increase the magnitude
5. The magnitude of magnetic field for 30 loops is greater than 20 and 10 loops coil.
The direction of the magnetic field is clockwise.
The magnitude of magnetic field for 30 loops coil is greater than the 20 loops coil. 4.
magnetic field is clockwise.
3. The magnitude of magnetic field for 10 loops coil may vary. The direction of the
2. The direction of the magnetic field B relating to the electric field is clockwise.
counterclockwise.
1. The direction of the magnetic field B relating to the electric field is
Guide Questions:

VI Other References

“Quiz about Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction.” Toppr Ask, 2019.

https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/the-factors-on-which-the-magnitude-of-
induced-emf-depend-on/.

Explain the factors affecting the magnitude of induced currentplease explain the
reason behind each factor - Physics - TopperLearning.com | gnlhpyy.

“Explain the Factors Affecting the Magnitude of Induced Currentplease Explain the
Reason behind Each Factor - Physics - TopperLearning.com | Gnlhpyy.”
TopperLearning.com, 2015. https://www.topperlearning.com/answer/Explain-
the-factors-affecting-the-magnitude-of-induced-currentplease-explain-the-
reason-behind-each-factor/gnlhpyy.

samabrhms11. “Factors Affecting EM Induction | Edexcel GCSE Physics Revision

Notes.” Save My Exams, 2019. https://www.savemyexams.co.uk/gcse-physics-
edexcel-new/revision-notes/electromagnetic-induction/factors-affecting-em-
induction/.

“3 the Factors That Affect the Magnitude of the Voltage...” Coursehero.com, July
28, 2018. https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7tl1l2/3-The-factors-that-affect-the-
magnitude-of-the-voltage-generated-in-an/.

“Electromagnetic Induction and Faradays Law.” Basic Electronics Tutorials, August

13, 2013. https://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-induction.html.