Form C02 (June 2020) | Tr Fe ACT 2019|2020 In response to your request for Test Information Release materials, this booklet contains the test questions, scoring keys, and conversion tables used in determining your ACT scores. Enclosed with this booklet is a report that lists each of your answers, shows whether your answer was correct, and, if your answer was not correct, gives the correct answer. If you wish to order a photocopy of your scanned answer document—including, if you took the writing test, a copy of your written essay—please use the order form on the inside back cover of this booklet. See eee ace NAAT12 BB eBeeee eit ENGLISH TEST 45 Minutes—75 Questions DIRECTIONS: In the five passages that follow, certain words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the right-hand column, you will ind alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the ‘one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement ‘appropriate for standard written English, or is worded ‘most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is best, choose "NO CHANGE.” In some cases, you will find in the right-hand column a question about the underlined art. You are to choose the best answer to the question. You will also find questions about a section of the pas- ‘sage, or about the passage as a whole. These questions do not refer to an underlined portion of the passage, but rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box. For each question, choose the alternative you consider best and fil in the corresponding oval on your answer document. Read each passage through once before you begin to answer the questions that accompany it. For many of the questions, you must read several sentences ‘beyond the question to determine the answer. Be sure that you have read far enough ahead each time you ‘choose an altemative, PASSAGE! ‘Yukigassen: Snow Big Deal a Fans in parkas, gloves, and hats surround the snowy field, cheering as ther teams line up. [A] Players lob and fling snowballs at their opponents while trying to avoid getting hit. ‘This is Yukigassen. that combines elements of dodge ball and capture the flag. competitive snowball fight Ri Every year, thousands of people flock to the small Japanese town of Sobetsu for the Showa-Shinzan International Yukigassen tournament. Fewer 30, though, only a tle visitors is mountainside town during its harsh ‘winters, {8} Hoping to generate year-round tourism, community members created a unique winter sport: Yukigassen ("*snow battle”). [0] 1, The writer wants to emphasize the fans" loyalty to the teams they have come to watch. Which choice best ‘accomplishes that goal? ‘A. NO CHANGE B. competin cio D. the 2. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion (adjusting the punctuation as needed), the essay would primarily lose a comparison that: F. references other games in order to predict how widespread Yukigassen is likely to become. G. helps introduce the game of Yukigassen by refer- ‘encing games that might be more familiar. H, indicates that many people are becoming inter- ested in learning to play Yukigassen. JL provides details about the rules Yukigassen shares with other games. 3. A. NO CHANGE vin - then thirty years ago, though, only a little . than thiny years ago, though, only a few D. then thirty years ago, though, only a few GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Tee ee ee eee ‘Yokigassen is played on a rectangular field with a wall of snow, called a “shelter” in the center, (On both sides of the field stands other shelters—two 7 that are used for cover and a centered back shelter (the “chateau”), where snowballs are stored. Each team's flag is planted in front of it’s chateau. 7 (4 ‘Yokigassen games have three periods that each last three minutes, To win a period, teams can grab the ‘opponents’ flag, eliminate every player, on the other team, or have more players in the game when the period ends. The team that prevails in two of three periods wins the game. . fo) Each Yukigassen team has seven players: four forwards and three défensive players. Forwards advance to the center of the field that’s crouching behind shelters and trying to eliminate opponents by hitting them with snowballs. Meanwhile, defensive players supply his or her forwards with ammunition and bombard opponents from afar. Any player can attempt to snatch the other team’s flag. Defensive players ensure forwards have snowballs to throw. 7 {6} In 1989, the first Yukigassen tournament drew 7,000 spectators and seven teams. NO CHANGE snow, called a “shelter,” snow called a “shelter,” snow; called a “shelter,” & A. NO CHANGE B. is standing C. has stood D. stand 6. F, NO CHANGE G. teams’ flag is planted in front of its HL. team's flag is planted in front ofits J. teams flag is planted in front of it's flag, eliminate every player iminate every player D. flag eliminate every player, 8. F NOCHANGE G. prevails, in two of the three periods, HL prevails in two, of the three, periods J. prevails, in two of the three periods 9. A. NO CHANGE B. field, which is, C. field, D. field 10. NO CHANGE G. that person's HL one’s Je their 11. A. NO CHANGE ing the flag is one way to win a period in jgassen, C. Players who are hit by snowballs are eliminated. D. DELETE the underlined portion. 12, R NO CHANGE G, manifested H. persuaded J. called GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B eRe eee ee When a number of years passed, 28,000 spectators, ‘came to watch 190 teams battle in the snow. [0] With the addition of tournaments in Europe, Australi and the United States, Yukigassen is on the rise, encouraging visitors to enjoy Sobetsu despite the cold. w PASSAGE It A Stroll Through History on Sweet Auburn 900s, when Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, became interesting location for African American business and culture. Jim Crow laws forced segregation of blacks and whites in Atlanta, resulting in the confinement of Afric ‘American homes and businesses to a small downtown area in the Old Fourth Ward. Over time, African ‘American businesses congregated in this ward besides approximately one and a half miles of Auburn Avenue. 13. At this point, the writer wishes to stress that Yukigassen fas grown in popularity in relatively short amount of time. Which choice best accomplishes that goal? ‘A. NO CHANGE B. After more than a decade, C. Only fifteen years later, D. Intime, 14, Which choice best concludes the paragraph and the essay by emphasizing Yukigassen's continuing growth? FE, NOCHANGE G. proving that creativity is a great way to stimulate tourism. H. accumulating more teams and fans every year. 3. turning snowball fights into a legitimate sport. Question 15 asks about the preceding passage as a whole. 15. The writer wants to add the following sentence to the essay: A referee blows the starting whistle. ‘The sentence would most logically be placed at: ‘A. Point A in Paragraph 1. B. Point B in Paragraph 2. C. Point C in Paragraph 2. D. Point D in Paragraph 6. 16, R, NO CHANGE G. During the early 1900s, HL The early 1900s, when J. Early in the 1900s, as 17, Which choice best emphasizes the activity and success of Auburn Avenue? A. NO CHANGE B. a location where you could find places of C. a thriving center of D. ahome for 18. BNO CHANGE G. Atlanta. The result being H. Adanta, this resulted in Je Atlanta, the result was, 19, A. NO CHANGE B. along C. between D. among (GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.{pep BeBe eee et ‘The area’s prosperity and autonomy of the area led to 7° the neighborhood being known as “Sweet Auburn.” [31 ‘Three financial companies provided the base for the rise of the black middle class in this area of Atlanta, ‘Alonzo Herndon, a former slave became a successful barber, founded Atlanta Insurance. By its one hundredth anniversary in 2005, the enterprise was ‘worth over 200 million dollars. In 1911, a second black insurance company, Standard Life Insurance, was formed by Heman Perry. Ten years later, Perry founded the Citizens Trust Bank, which offered loans to African ‘American entrepreneurs. Supported by these institutions, ‘small businesses helped Sweet Auburn emerge as a center of black commerce. In the 1920s and "30s, more than one hundred black-owned business wving found their home in the vibrant culture of Sweet Auburn. The avenue flourished the legendary soul food restaurants = ‘Ma Sutton’s, you could eat this food at Hawk's Dinette. Entertainment venues such as the Top Hat Club (later the Royal Peacock) hosted famous performers. 21. At this point, the writer is considering 20. F, NO CHANGE G, area’s well-to-do affluence HE affluent prosperity J. affluence ig dividing the paragraph into two. Should the writer make this divi- sion here? Ac» Yes, because it would separate the general discus- sion of the Old Fourth Ward from the more spe- tific discussion of the one and a half miles of Sweet Auburn. B. Yes, because it would separate the overview of ‘Sweet Auburn from the discussion of specific companies that helped make Sweet Auburn & success. . No, because it would separate the description of ‘Sweet Auburn's financial businesses from the description of its cultural establishments. D. No, because it would separate the discussion of ‘Sweet Auburn as it is today from the description of its history. 22, F, NO CHANGE G. achieved the goal of becoming HL acquired the status of « and a 23, A. NO CHANGE B. there C. i's D. its’ 24. FR, NO. CHANGE G. businesses, which HH businesses that J. businesses 25. A. NO CHANGE BL displayed C. featured D. showed 26. F. NO CHANGE G. Sutton’s, such food was available HE Sutton’s and this was alsoat J. Sutton’s and GOON TO THE Next PAGE,TEE eee eee ed The Atlanta Daily World, black-owned US daily newspaper, also began on Auburn Avenue, Sweet Auburn's design Historic Landmark resulted from the neighborhood's cultural strengths and business assets as well as its social values. Civic organizations and historic churches, such as Ebenezer Baptist Church, where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. reached with his father Auburn Avenue as one of the most important streets in US history. for instance, the first successful in 1976 as a National 1 contributed—to establishing 27. A, NO CHANGE B. therefore, C.’ however, D. DELETE the underlined portion. NO CHANGE designation in 1976, designation in 1976 Je designation, in 1976 29. A. NO CHANGE B. father—all contributed C. father, all contributed D. father all contributed Question 30 asks about the preceding passage as a whole, 30. Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to pro- vvide historical background on a specific urban area. ‘Would this essay accomplish that purpose? F._ Yes, because it outlines the people, institutions, and’ social and cultural factors that contributed to the rise in importance of Sweet Auburn. G. Yes, because it explains that the city of Atlanta became nationally recognized for its government- sponsored efforts to promote Sweet Auburn, 1H. No, because it focuses on how the community ben- efited from Sweet Auburn's success rather than on how Sweet Auburn was established. J. No, because it focuses primarily on three promi- ‘ent Sweet Auburn businesses rather than On dis- cussing Sweet Auburn in larger terms. PASSAGE ‘An East Coast Epiphany Meadows of Dan. Peaks of Otter. Fancy Gap. Thunder Ridge. To read about the Blue Ridge Parkway, the most visited “unit,” of the national park system, i to enter the realm of colorful language. But I knew better than to fall for the hype of brochures and Web sites preparing to embark (on a 469-mile bike ride the length of the parkway. 31. A. NO CHANGE B. 32. NO CHANGE G. in preparation HH as | prepared Je I prepare GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Ieee ee eee ‘Well, I would lend an ear to some of the sweet talk: vistas of gently rolling farmland, swinging footbridges, mist rising from the Roanoke River are breathtaking. 1 did in fact, want to find myself face-to-face with ‘a red-eyed vireo and smell a rhododendron in full bloom. Color. History. Twenty-seven tunnels, one named “Frying Pan.” Sign me up! Maybe even a black bear would cross the winding pavement's road in front of me. But I was not going o expect perfection, 1 was not going to expect the pancakes to be hot at Bluffs Coffee Shop or the entertainment to be under way at the music center, 1 would approach this experience with the wisdom Thad acquired at places like Zion National Park, 4 glorious park in southern Utah. a But here's the thing and the cynic in me perished on the Blue Ridge Parkway. on that two-week ride along the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia and North Carolina. ‘The pancakes were hot, The Meadows of Dan were meadowy. Mabry Mill—its waterwheel spinning and its one-hundred-year-old loom looming—deserves the postcard attention they have gotten all these years. 38. 36. 37. 38. 39. NO CHANGE takes away your breath, is breathless. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sen- tence with a period, p> eo FE NO CHANGE G. road of the pavement BL paving of the road J. road Which choice is most specific and most consistent with the level of detail in the rest of the sentence? A. NO CHANGE B. Red Stick Ramblers to be performing as scheduled at the Blue Ridge Music Center, C. experiences we might enjoy to come along at the right time and place. D. the scheduled event to take place. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best reflects the narrator's attitude as expressed up to this point in the essay and sets up a key element of the ‘essay’s concluding contrast? ENO CHANGE . where bad weather cut short the hike my brother and I had planned to the famous “Subway,” a remote canyon bright with neon colors, H. where a shuttle service was successfully imple- ‘mented to cut down on that park’s vehicular traf- fic, which had become a serious problem. J. a spectacular setting that draws visitors from around the nation and the world. ‘A. NO CHANGE B. thing: the ‘the D, DELETE the underlined portion. F, NO CHANGE G. looming: HL looming, J. looming’ ‘A. NO CHANGE B. we have has D. its GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BB BBB eet Seeing me, too, I saw a bear. And not only were the thododendrons blooming, so is the bluets and the foam flowers. [a] Sometimes everything that should go right did. Sometimes the fragrant thimbleberry is fragrant and the sign on the road really does say, “Next 20 miles, All Downhill” Okay, the sign paris made-up, ‘but the'downhill was real. Southern Utah’s “Subway’ remains an elusive mystery. The Blue Ridge Parkway, as. seen from my bike anyway, is a 469-mile miracle. scrcea 40. NO CHANGE G. Being seen by a bear, the bear saw me, HH. The sight of a bear, which saw me too. J. Isaw a bear. A bear saw me. 41. A. NO CHANGE B. will be C. were D. hed 42, At this point, the writer is considering adding the fol- lowing true statement to the essay: Former US Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes was a key player in the creation of the parkway. Should the writer make this addition here? F._ Yes, because it answers a question raised by the narrator earlier in the essay. G. Yes, because it provides a iogical transition to the essay’s conclusion about the parkway’s history. H. No, because it disrupts the flow of the paragraph and departs from the established tone of the essay. J. No, because it suggests the narrator read about the parkway before riding it, which the rest of the essay does not support. 43. A. NO CHANGE B. does, D. DELETE the undertined portion and end the sen- tence with a period. 44, Which choice results in a statement that best supports the point made in the preceding sentence? F, NOCHANGE G. crowded out by noxious weeds BL hard to see wilt Question 45 asks about the preceding passage asa whole, 45. Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to write in a lighthearted fashion about an experience of gain- ing some self-knowledge. Would this essay accomplish that purpose? ‘A. Yes, because the essay reveals the narrator pla fully exploring a cynical side of herself that disap ear ona tip on the Bue Ridge Parkway. Yes, because the essay establishes that the narrator enjoyed the company of other bike riders on the Blue Ridge Parkway. No, because the essay indicates that a trip to Zion National Park was more satisfying for the narrator than Iter trip to Be Ridge Parkway. No, because the narrator describes herself as the opposite of lighthearted, even after a trip that was supposed to have changed her outlook. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1G BeBe eee PASSAGE Noether’s Theorem au Laws of conservation—the idea that, within a physical system, certain measurable properties such as energy or ‘momentum can neither be created nor destroyed—are fundamental to physics. When properties are conserved, they never leave the system. Therefore, physicists can study them and predict how even complex systems will behave. @ Laws of symmetry, howevér, are valuable for the same redson: predictability. Ifa physical system behaves the same way regardless of how it's orientated in space, than it’s symmetric. If, for instance, an experiment yields the same result whether it is conducted in the United States on ‘Tuesday or in India on Thursday, which has symmetry of space and time. [5 BI ‘The relationship between conservation and symimetry had been overlooked, though, prior to the publication of ‘Amalie Noether’s theorem in 1918, Noether, a German mathematician, found that where there is symmetry in nature, there is corresponding conservation. Noether devised a groundbreaking set of equations to apply 10 symmetrical systems. [A] A bicycle whee! is radially symmetrical: you can spin it om its axis and it looks 46. F, NO CHANGE G. has been H. were i is 47, A. NO CHANGE B. behave, as physicists study them. C. have behavior they can predict. D. behave and act out. 48. NO CHANGE G. symmetry, in the same way, H. symmetry, besides, J. symmetry 49. A. NO CHANGE B. reason, that is, C. reason; D. reason’ NO CHANGE orientation in space, then oriented in space, then orient in space, than 51. A. NO CHANGE B. those will have C. they have D. ithas 52, If the writer were to delete the preceding sentence, the paragraph would primarily lose a: F. scenario that demonstrates why experiments are often conducted multiple times. G. hypothetical example that explains the physics concept of symmetry. H, demonstration of how physicists study space and time. J. summary of one of the discoveries Noether made. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B eee eaeee wi the same from any direction. Applying Noether's theorem reveals that the wheel conserves angular momentum the property that keeps bicycles upright, and moving forward. (6) 4) Both conservation laws, and laws of symmetry predict, 7m and explain how systems behave, Thus, knowing that conservation exists where there is symmetry creates a whole new set of information about physical systems, Including, details about the properties within them that ulti the system works. [C] 15] ‘The significance of Noether's theorem has ‘not been lost, but her name has. Dubbed “the greatest mathematician you've never heard of," Noether, until recently, was not widely recognized for her accomplishments. (0] Her name may not be as familiar as those of Einstein and Newton, but her theorem being regularly used in modern physics. Finally, in 1928, Noether accepted a teac w position at Moscow State University. 10 53. A. NO CHANGE momentum—the property that keeps bicycles upright— C. momentum; the property that keeps bicycles upright 1D. momentum, the property that keeps bicycles upright 54. F, NO CHANGE G. laws, and laws of symmetry, predict HE laws and laws of symmetry predict, J. laws and laws of symmetry predict 55. A. NO CHANGE. B. systems. Which include C. systems, including D. systems including, 56. F, NO CHANGE G. which ultimately effects HL whose ultimate affect J. that ultimately effect 57. A. NO CHANGE B. until most recent, C. of most recently, D. before recent, 58. R NO CHANGE G. having been regularly used HE. to be used regularly J. is regularly used ‘59. Which of the following would be the best decision by the writer regarding the underlined portion? ‘A. Leave it asthe final sentence of the essay because provides a logical conclusion. B. Move it to the Beginning ofthis paragraph because introduces the paragraph’s focus. ©. Delete it, because it contradicts the idea that Noether was recognized in small circles for her ‘accomplishments. D. Delete it, because it concludes the essay by intro- ducing a' new topic that is only loosely related to the main topic of the essay. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1a BeBe eee 2 Question 60 asks about the preceding passage as a whole. 60. The writer wants to add the following sentence to the essay: Entrenched in a field that was unwelcoming to women, Noéther often published her papers ; using a'male pseudonym. ‘The sentence would most logically be placed at: E. Point A in Paragraph 3. G. B in Paragraph 3. H. Point C in Paragraph 4. 3. Point D in Paragraph 5. PASSAGE V Now I’ve Seen the Mall 61. A. NO CHANGE EEN SUE B. architect, Victor Gruen, vision for US retail stores. [2] Another problem C. architect Victor Gruen, D. architect Victor Gruen ‘was that the distances between retail stores forced shoppers to drive, not walk. (3] A native of Vienna, there was a downtown filled with pedestrians near the 62, F, NO CHANGE @ G. a downtown filled with pedestrians was near the place where Gruen had grown up. [4] He loathed the place where, Gruen had grown up. @ H. Gruen had grown up near a downtown filled with flashy signs that stretched mile after mile along the streets pedestrians, J. pedestrians filled the downtown near Gruen’s in the 1950s. (5) There, whether looking for a gift or some childhood home. fresh air, people could more readily interact with neighbors and friends. [6] This type of casual, friendly shopping experience was what he sought to bring to Ameri e 63. For the sake of logic and cohesion, Sentence 4 should be placed: ‘A. where itis now. B. after Sentence i. C. after Sentence 2, D. after Sentence 5. vcrcoe Ww GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.teem His chance came in 1952 when he was hired to a innesota. Gruen conceived design a shopping center in ‘of an 800,000-square-foot structure that had two levels of stores encircling a roofed central area, Arranging the stores to face inward, Gruen created a mostly blank exterior and he created ar fetior where businesses could advertise. Although the space between stores was indoors, the air temperature could be controlled to ensure that customers wouldn't be bothered by the elements. There ‘was a café, a fountain, an aviary, and even a small 200. Southdale Center was revolutionary. [A] (31 Reporters from across the country flocked to the 1956 grand opening of Southdale, and 75,000 customers came and saw the many stores and parking spaces, The = design dazzled reporters, The convenience delighted shoppers. Businesses found the profits thrilling. 12 (64. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one pro- vides the best transition to the opportunity discussed in the paragraph? ENO CHANGE G. 1952 after he had created several eye-popping storefronts in New York City. H, 1952; he had previously estat tectural firm, J. 1952—just fourteen years after he had arrived in the United States. ied his own archi- NO CHANGE exterior, he also designed exterior and exterior; also ENO CHANGE G. Because HL. Before Je Until Which choice most clearly emphasizes that the grand opening was exciting and attracted a large number of reporters? ‘A. NO CHANGE B. gathered at C. traveled to attended 68. The writer is considering revising the underlined por- tion to the following: gawked at the seventy-two stores and abun- dant free parking. Given that the information is accurate, should the ‘writer make this revision? R._ Yes, because it more clearly states the number of Beople at Southdale’s grand opening. G. Yes, because it more clearly indicates why South- dale impressed the crowd. H. No, because it suggests that the crowd was unfa miliar with a shopping center like Southdale. J. No, because it adds unnecessary details’ that detract from the description of Sout Which choice most closely maintains the sentence pat- tern the writer has established in the previous two sentences? ‘A. NO CHANGE B. Businesses were thrilled by the profits. C. The profits thrilled businesses. D. The profits were thrilling. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.1B BeBe ee eee Southdale Center's layout became so successful that many of them soon sprang up in cities all over the United States. [8] 4) Gruen, however, grew increasingly dismayed. [7 He had envisioned Southdale as one part of a larger planned community with houses, apartments, schools, and offices, but his community was never built. (C] The popularity of malls, while minimizing urban sprawl, encouraged it stores and paved parking areas multiplied in US cities and suburbs. [0] Disheartened, Gruen eventually returned to Vienna later on, only to find—just ‘mall south of the downtown he remembered so fondly—« 70. F. G. 72. The wri NO CHANGE very more DELETE the underlined portion. NO CHANGE copies of the mall a large number they is considering adding the following true statement: The Mall of America, a much larger mall in Minnesota, opened in 1992. Should the writer make this addition here? rE Yes, because it supports the claim that Gruen’s design became popular. Yes, because it compares Southdale to another well-known mall in Minnesota. No, because itis only loosely related to the essay’s discussion of Southdale, No, because it shows that other malls changed architectural conventions more than Gruen’s did, NO CHANGE instead of despite truly NO CHANGE to Vienna, where he had grown up, back to Vienna again, to Vienna, Question 75 asks about the preceding passage as a whole, 75. The writer wants to add the following sentence to the essay: It was a mall, The sentence would most logically be placed at: A B. Cc D. Point A in Paragraph 2. Point B in Paragraph 3. Point C in Paragraph 4. Point D in Paragraph 4. END OF TEST 1 STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. 132 2 MATHEMATICS TEST 60 Minutes —60 Questions DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem, choose the correct ‘answer, and then fill in the corresponding oval on your ‘answer document. Do not linger over problems that take too much time. ‘Solve as many as you can; then return to the others in the time you have left for this test. You are permitted to use a calculator on this test. You ‘may use your calculator for any problems you choose, but some of the problems may best be done without using a caloulator. Note: Unless otherwise stated, all ofthe following should be assumed. 1. Illustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale. 2. Geometric figures lie in a plane. 3 The word line indicates a straight li 4. The word average indicates arithmetic mean. 1, What is the greatest common factor of 60, 84, and 1267 A. 12 B 6 c. 3 D2 El 2, 4n” + 3n® is equivalent to: Rom Gm? HL Tm J. 12H! K, 12n"* 3. Devon bought running shes at price tht was off the original price of $88. He paid a sales tax of 7% on the discounted price and gave the clerk four $20 bills How much change should e eecive? AL $ 4.62 B.S 7.84 Cc. § 9.38 D. $12.46 EL $18.62 having a bake sale at school to raise $140.00 to donate to the local animal shelter. He sells brownies for $1.00 each and cookies for $0.50 each. Given that Brandon sells 82 brownies, and al sales go to the donation, how many cookies does he need to sell to reach his goal? R29 G. 58 HL J. 116 K. 444 14 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. |In the figure below, AB is congruent to BC, and AE DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. intersects BF at C. What is the measure of 2B? B c re a8 F AL 14 B38 (ios D. 104° EB. 142° 6. Patty, Carla, Shada, and Ling ran a race. The bar graph below gives each gitl’s running time, in seconds. How many of the girls ran the race in less time than the rage of the 4 running times? Patty 81 Carla z 84 Shada Ling 194 0 20 40 60 80 100 7. Between 9:00 a.m, and 10:20 a.m., 18,000 visitors. entered the Family Fun Amusement Park. Between 9:00 a.m, and 10:20 a.m., an average of how many visitors per minute entered the park? A. 20 BL 25 C150 D. 235 E. 300 8. Given that u and y are vectors such that w= (~1, 3) and v= (5,8), what is the component form of the vector uty F 2,13) G. 4, 5) H. (4,11) 3 6, 5) K. (6,11) acrcoa 15 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 : 9. Juan and Xie are painting a room in the city recreation center, They started with 5 gallons of paint. On the first day, Juan used + gallon of paint and Xie used 12 gallons of punt, How many gallons of paint were left after the first day? A. at poPF ha oR p 10. The point (4,7) lies on the graph of y=-3x+2 in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane. What is the value of r ? R -4 G. -10 H -14 J, -18 K, ~24 11, Sebastian programs his calculator to evaluate a linear function, but he doesn’t say what the function is. When 8 is entered, the calculator displays the value 6. When 12 is entered, the calculator displays the value 9. ‘Which of the following expressions explains what the calculator will display when any number, n, is entered? Aa. 3, B. fom D. 12. A function f(x) is defined as f(x) = —4x*. What is Fe5)7 FE -400 G. 100 B80 3. 100 K. 400 13, When x= I, what is the value of 4x? - 2x? A. -8 B. -6 C32 D2 E 6 norcoe 16 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 14, In the figure shown be and 2 igles are right angles, e side lengths given are in yards. What is the area, in square yards, of the figure? gE G. 9 12 74 10 1 1. A certain fraternity had its freshmen members keep a log of their hours spent playing video games. en midterm grades were known, the fraternity president plotted the data in the standard (x,)) coordinate plane with average hi ames on tt (GPA) on the is per week spent playing video is and midterm grade point average axis as shown in the figure below. He then performed a linear regression on the data. Which of the following statements is true of the regression equation? 16. pore midterm GPA a8 40: 35) 0. 0°2°4°6 8 10 12 14 16x average hours per week Paying video gumes ‘The slope and the y-intercept are both negative. ‘The slope and the y-intercept are both positive. The slope is negative, and the y-intercept is positive, ‘The slope is positive, and the y-intercept is negative. ‘The slope is 0, and the y-intercept is positive. Given 4x +2=-10, then [5-27] =? 1 4 9 ul 14 7 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 17. The graph of y=3 sin(x +2) is shown in the standard (xy) coordinate plane below. What is the maximum value of this function? 18, Renata took 9 quizzes in German class. Her scores, in order, were 6,7, 7, 6,8, 7, 8, 10, and 9. She discovered a scoring error on the 9th quiz, and her score on that quiz. was corrected to 10. Which of the following measures of central tendency changed as a result of the correction? 1. Mean I. Median HL, Mode F, Tonly G. Monly HL [andl only J. Mand Il only K, LI, and 19, Which of the following equations is that of a line parallel to the line with equation y= 2x44 in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane? DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 20, For ABC shown below, what isthe value of tan B? DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. R vi B av Viin, 4 aE c V3 in 4 Lin 1¥ Te A ns 21. Given the true statement “If I live in Chicago, then T live in Illinois,” which of the following statements ‘must be true? in Minois. thicage Ilinois, then I live in Chicago. D. If I don’t live in Chicago, then I don’t live in Mlinois. E, If I don’t live in Ilinois, then I don’t live in Chicago. Shown below, a board 3 feet 8 inches long is cut into 2 equal parts. What isthe length, to the nearest inch, of, each part? }-— 3 feet 8 inches ——4 23, What is the minimum number of square floor tiles, each 9 inches on a side, that could be used to cover the floor of a rectangular hallway 15 feet long and 6 feet wide? A 28 B. 56 c 81 D. 90 E. 160 acrcoa 19 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 2A, Graphed in the standard (x,y) coordinate plane below is DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. line / and the circle with equation (x ~ 2)? + y?= 1. Line J passes through 0(0,0) and is tangent to the circle at A, and B is the center ofthe circle. What is the measure of ZAOB? BE 1s° G. 225° J 45° 25, One square has a side whose length is x centimeters, and a second square has a side whose length is (x-2) centimeters. What expression below represents the sum of the areas of the 2 squares, in square ‘centimeters? A, 27-2 B x-4 ©. 2+ 4r-4 D. 2 44x44 E, 24x44 26. When graphed in the standard (x) coordinate plane, the line with equation 3+ 3y=— has a slope Rp ca a 8 4 -8 kK. -$ acrooe 20 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. Use the following information to answer questions 27-29. Kojo has an Internet site where his classmates can sell items in online auctions. For each item, a student pays Kojo a listing fee, based on the item’s starting price, and a selling fee calculated as a percent of the selling price, as. shown in the tables below. ‘Starting price | Listing fee $ 0.01-$ 4.99| $0.25 $ 5.00-SI $0'50 '$20,00-$49.99] $1.00 $50.00 and up | $2.00 fee Selling price price $0.01-$49.99 i $50.00 and up _| 3% of selling price 27. Lucie sold a jacket on Kojo’s site. The starting price of the jacket was $6.25, and its selling price was $34.20. ‘What is the sum of the listing fee and selling fee Lucie paid to sell the jacket? A. $1.50 B. SI71 C. $2.02 D. $221 E. $252 28. For the items his classmates listed on his site last Friday, Kojo was paid listing fees that totaled $5.75. What is the maximum number of the items listed last Friday whose starting prices could have been in the range of $5.00-$19.99 ? El G. 12 H. 23 J, 39 K. 40 29, Erick sold 2 items on Kojo's site. The sum of the selling prices for the 2 items was $116.00. The sum of the selling fees for the 2 items was $4.34. The system of equations below can be used to obtain the selling price for each item. What was the total listing fee for the 2 items given that the starting price was equal to the selling price for each of the 2 items? x+ y= 116.00 0.03r+0.05y= 4.34 A. $2.00 sero 24 GO ON To THE NEXT PAGE,2 2 30. A formula for the volume, V, of a right circular cylinder is V= 77h, where r is the radius and h is the height. The cylindrical tank shown below has radius 6 meters and height S meters and is filled with water, Given that the weight of 1 cubic meter of water is, s approximately 2,205 pounds, the weight, in pounds, of ‘the water in the tank is: F_less than 400,000, G. between 400,000 and 900,000. H. between 900,000 and 1,260,000. J, between 1,200,000 and’ 1,760,000, KK, more than'l,700,000. 31, Admission to a camival is $4 for children and $6 for adults. A group of 21 people pays $90 for admission to the carnival. What is the ratio of the number of children to the number of adults inthis group? 3:1 equal to( 2 rR 16x" , 1 «1am oe iH art a 25 16 16 K. we 33. The functions f and g are defined as f(x) = 2x43 and g(x) =27 ~ 1, What is f(g(-1)) ? AHL BO Qi D3 BS DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 34. Ina window display at a flower shop, there are 3 spots for 1 plant each. To fill these 3 spots, Adam has T plants to select from, each of a different type. Selecting from the 7 plants, Adam can make how many possible display arrangements with | plant in each spot? (Note: The positions of the unselected plants do not matter.) Rg G7 18 J 210 K. 343 35. In quadrilateral ABCD shown below, BC | AD, BC = 20 inches, Ai 28 inches, and the distance between BC and AD is 7 inches. What is the area, in square inches, of quadrilateral ABCD ? dee A. 140 B. 168 C. 196 D. 3360 A D E. 560 a 36, The figure below shows a solid concrete ramp for skateboarding. The length is 10 feet, the width 6 feet, and the height is 3 feet. Which of the following, values is closest to the volume, in cubic feet, of the concrete used to construct the ramp? 37. A rectangle that is c inches by d inches is in the imerior of a rectangle that is a inches by b inches, as shown below. The area of the shaded region is wl fraction of the area of the large rectangle, in terms of a,b, c,and d? ab 23 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 2 38. A company prints contest codes on its fun-size bags of ‘candy. Each 6-character code consists of the letter A followed by the letter H followed by 4 of the digits 0 through 9. The digits may repeat. Which of the following expressions gives the number of different ‘6-character codes that are possible? F_ 10)(10\10)(10)(10) G. 2(1)(10x9)8X7) HL 2(1)(10)(10)(10)(10) J. 203(10x9)(8X7) K. 2(2)(10)(10)(10)(10) 39. The mean of the daily high temperatures for a 5-day period in a certain city was recorded as being 4.0°F. It was later determined that the high temperature for | of these 5 days was recorded incorrectly, If that day's high temperature was 2°F higher than originally recorded, what is the difference between the incorrectly recorded mean and the correct mean? 40. A box contains 6 objects. Of those, 3 are disks (2 blue and 1 red) and 3 are triangles (i blue, 1 red, and 1 yellow). If the probability of drawing each object is the same, what is the probability that an object drawn from the box is a blue object or a triangle? rE 41. When log, x= ~3, what is x? 1 A @ 1 ca c. -12 D. -64 E. There is no such value of x. 24 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Eee APN Ae Use the following information to answer questions 42-44, The whole number test scores of all 30 students in Ms. Smith’s science class are represented in the cumulative frequeney bar graph below. Ms, Smith's Science Test Scores Ss ‘number of students 41-50 41-60 41-70 41-80 41-90 41-100 student test seores 42. How many students in Ms. Smith’s science class had a score greater than 70 om the test? R13 (erei7 H. 18. J. 20 K. 72 43. Which of the following intervals must contain the median score of the students’ test scores in Ms. Smith's science class? . 56-65 61-70 66-75 71-80 76-85 44. The studemts in Mr, Cho's class took the same test as those in Ms. Smith's class, The number of students in Mr. Cho's class with a score in the range 41~50 was 3 less than 4 times the number of students in Ms. Smith's class with a score in the range 41-50. How many students in Mr. Cho's class had a score in the range 41-50 on this test? ER G. H a K. 25 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 45. The solution set of the equation |x ~1 set of all values of x such that: AL xsl rel <0 x20 xis a real number. = Lis the DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. Dd, E, 46. A surveyor needs to find the length from point A to point C across a lake as showin in the figure below. The ‘measurements of which of the following angles and side lengths are sufficient for the surveyor to determine the length of AC using only the law of sines? (Note: The law of sines says <4 angle side length RAB @ B. 6x'+ 10)"= 60 C. ox+ 25y?= 225 D. 36x" + 100)" = 3,600 E, 48, Given that x = ~2 is a solution to x? + bx ~ 6 =0, which of the following polynomials i a factor of x? + bx - 6? Rox-3 r-1 rl x43 actou 26 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2 49. sl. 52, 53. A 2 Square ABCE, shown below, has a side length of 10 inches. Point D is the midpoint of CE. and F is the midpoint of AE. What isthe ratio of the area of ADEF, shown shaded, tothe area of pentagon ABCDF ? A F E AL 13 > B14 ay D. 18 E, 1:10 B c For some positive integer k, the sum of the absolute values of all the is the value of &? ia G. H u K. Cannot be determined from the given information gers from ~K through & is 12. What ‘Two real-valued functions are defined by fx) = V+ | and g(x) = (x~ 3)", What is the domain of f(g(x)) ? AL [0,c0) B. [=) C. Bie) D. [he) E. (eo) A highway engineer is using a road map to lay out a detour for the westbound lane of a section of highway that, on the map, is a straight line going east and west. On the map, the detour goes 4 miles straight north, I mile straight west, 2 miles straight north, 6 miles straight west, 3 miles straight south, | mile straight east, and finally 3 miles straight south, back to the highway. According to the map, how many more miles, 4 Westbound driver travel by taking the detour than he would if he could stay on the highway? R20 G14 HL 13 Tat K. 6 ‘The solution to the equation 3d +17 the types of numbers listed below? 1, Rational Il, Irrational IIL, Positive IV. Negative V. Integer A. Land HL only I 3 is which of Mand IV only E. 1,11, and V only serene a7 DO YOUR FIGURING HERE. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.2A A 2 54, For all jalues of x such that ~1 450 = 400] E 350: 30! we 250: 200 ~ 150 100 50 + 0 average cont Figure 2 Table and figures adapted from T, Endiein et al. “Sticking Under Wet Conditions: The Remarkable Attaehmont Abilities of the Tor rent Frog, Staurois quttatus." ©2013 by T. Endlain et al GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.4Acocco0o00000 0 04 1. According to the results of Experiment 2, as the plat- form rotation angle was increased, the average contact, 2, In Experiment 1, how many trials, in total, resulted in ‘an average angle of detachment of 130° or jess? R 2 G4 H. 6 Lo 3. According to the results of Experiment 1, which of the following combinations of flow rate and platform tex- ture resulted in an average angle of detachment of flow rate platform (Limin) texture 1.0 smooth 40 smooth 1.0 fine rough 40. fine rough 4, In Experiment 1, how long did it take the platform to rotate from 10° to 180° ? FR Bsec G. 26 sec H, 34sec Je 48 sec 5. Upon completion of the experiments, how many trials volving a smooth surface texture had been performed? Ad B 4 c 9 D. 10 6. Ifa platform rotation angle of 150° had been tested in Experiment 2, the average contact area would most likely have been: Fess than 170 mm. G. between 170 mm? and 220 mm’. HE between 220 mm? and 265 mm?. J. greater than 265 mm? 1. Based on the results of Experiment 1, fora flow rate of 4.0 Limin, what is the order of platform texture, from the fextire that resulted in the smallest average angle of detachment to the texture that resulted in the largest average angle of detachment? ‘A. Smooth, fine rough, coarse rough B. Smooth, coarse rough, fine rough C. Fine rough, smooth, coarse rough D. Fine rough, coarse rough, smooth 39 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Acocoo000000 04 Passage Il Jn aqueous solutions, vitamin C (CaHy04) reacts with iodine (I;) according to the balanced chemical equation CeHyOg + I, ~> CHO, + 2H ‘The amount of vitamin C in a solution can be dete by performing a tirration. The titrant (a solution containing a known concentration of 1,) is slowly added to the analyte (@ solution containing particular concentration of vitamin C), and a chemal reaction occurs. This process is monitored by adding an indicator to the analyte. The indi- cator is a colorless starch solution that changes to a dark color by reacting with I, when no more vitamin C remains, signaling the end of the titration, ‘Students performed titrations to determine the amount of vitamin C in 4 different types of pulp-free juice. Experiment 1 4.0.20 mg/mL. vitamin C solution was prepared. A 1.0 mL sample of the solution was placed into a vial, and Vdrop of indicator was added to the vial. Drops of the Ty solution were then added to the vial until the indicator changed to a dark color. The procedure was repeated for solutions of 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.0 mg/mL of vitamin C (ee Figure 1). drops of I; solution added 000 020 040 060 080 1.00 vitamin C concentration (mg/mL) Figure 1 nore 40 Experiment 2 A 1.0 mL sample of lime juice was place 5 and 1 drop of indicator was added to the vial. Drops of the 1, solution were added to the vial until the:lime juice solu- tion changed to a dark color. This procedure was repeated for 3 other juices (see Table 1). Table 1 Drops of I; solution Juice added Lime 13 Grapefruit 7 Lemon 18 Orange 2 Figure and table adapted from A, Ballentine, “Determination of Ascorble Acid in Citrus Fruit Juices.” ©1941 by the American ‘Chomical Society. 8. Consider the steps performed in Experiment 2 that are listed below. 1. Stop adding titrant when the indicator changes toa dark color. 2. Add starch indicator to 3. Place juice sample into vial. 4, Slowly add drops of titrant. ‘These steps were performed in what sequence? E 3,214 G. 3,241 2413 J 24.3.1 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ;Acrcc0o0000 04 9. Based on the results of Experiments 1 and 2, which of the juices that were tested contained the greatest con- ceniration of vitamin C ? A. Lime B. Grapefruit C. Lemon D. Orange 10. Suppose thatthe titration of « particular vitamin C golution requires 31 drops of the Iz solution used in Experiment 1 to cause the indicator to change color. Based on the results of Experiment 1, the vitamin C solution has an approximate concentration of: FE, 0.30 mg/mL. G. 0.50 mg/mL. H. 0.70 mg/mL. J. 0.90 mg/mL. 11, Based on the results of Experiments | and 2, the con- centration of vitamin C in the lemon juice was closest to which of the following? ‘A. 0.10 mg/mL B. 0.30 mg/mL C. 0.45 mg/mL D. 0.55 mg/mL at 12, Suppose that a sample of apple juice had been titrated Experiment 2 and the concentration of vitamin C in the apple juice was determined to be 0.10 mg/mL. Based on the results of Experiment 1, what is the mini- rum number of drops of the I; solution that would have been required to change the indicator in the apple {juice solution to a dark color? Ro4 6.13 H. 26 i 38 13, Based on the chemical equation in the passage, when vitamin C reacted with I, in the experiments, vita- min C: ‘A. lost oxygen atoms. B. lost hydrogen atoms. C. gained oxygen atoms. D. gained hydrogen atoms. 14, Based on the results of Experiment 1, what approxi- ‘mate mass of vitamin C in a 1.0 mL ‘sample reacted ith each drop of the I; solution? 0.02 mg gE G. 0.05 mg H. 0.08 mg J. 0.10 mg GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.4ooooo000004 Passage Il! All known exoplanets (planets in orbit about stars ‘other than the Sun) are too distant from Earth to be studied in detail, so mathematical models have been developed to hep pe ‘Predict their properties. Figures 1-3 each show how a property varies with alitude above the surface of Earth and above the surfaces of 2 hypothetical exoplanets: Planet X and Planet Y. Figure 1 shows how atmospheric temperature, 7 (in kelvins, K), varies; Figure 2 shows how ‘atmospheric pressure, P (in atmospheres, atm), varies; and Figure 3 shows how gravitational field strength, (in new- tons per kilogram, N/kg), varies. 50-75 100 altitude (km) igure 1 0 10 2 30 40 altitude (km) 50 60 70 Figure 2 42 10.0 90 7 80 Z 10 60 Loo as 0 25 50 75 100 125150 altitude (km) Figure 3 18. According to Figure 1, at approximately what hitude above their respective surfaces do Planets X and Y have the same atmospheric temperature, and what is that temperature? altitude (km) temperature (K) A 30 225 B 50 215 c 140 225 D140 275 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Aooo00000 04 16. According to Figure 2, which of the following graphs test represents the altitude above the surface of Earth, of Planet X, and of Planet ¥ at which P= 0.3 atm? rR altitude (km) es 888s altitude (km) BSsss Ss we 17, Atmospheric density and P are directly proportional to each other, Based on Figure 2, which planet more likely has the more dense atmosphere at an altitude of ‘Sikm, Earth or Planet Y ? ‘A. Earth; at an altitude of 5 km, P for Earth is less than P for Planet Y. B. Earth; at an altitude of $ km, P for Earth is greater than P for Planet Y. C. Planet Y; at an altitude of 5 km, P for Planet Y is less than P for Earth. D. Planet Y; at an altitude of 5 km, P for Planet Y is ‘greater than P for Earth. 43, 18. At the surface of a planet, g is given by the equation oe where G is a constant, M is the planet's mass, and R is the planet's radius. Assume that Earth, Planet X, and Planet Y have, equal radii. Based on Figure 3, which planet has the greatest mass? F Earth G. Planet X HL Planet Y J. Cannot be determined from the given information 19. Based on Figure 1 is the average kinetic energy of the {85 particles in Earth's atmosphere mote likely greater At an altitude of 40 km or 80 km ? ‘A. 40 km, because the average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to. gas Temperature. 40 km, because the average kinetic energy of gas particles is inversely proportional to gas temperature. 80'Km, because the average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to gas temperature. 80 km, because the average kinetic energy of gas particles is inversely proportional to gas temperature, The gravitational field strength at the surface of lanet X is approximately what percent of the gravit tional field strength at the surface of Earth? E 60% G. 70% H. 80% Je 90% GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Acoco00000 of Passage IV As sound waves travel through seawater, some of their energy is absorbed by the seawater. This sound absorption depends on several factors, including the pH of the water, the depth below the water's surface at which the sound ‘waves travel, the frequency of the sound waves, the water temperature, and the water's salinity (concentration of dis- solved salts in the water). Figures 1, 2, and 3 show—under the given conditions, respectively—how sound absorption (in decibels per kilometer, dB/km) varies with frequency (in kilohertz, kHz), temperature (in °C), and salinity (in Parts per thousand, ppt; 1 ppt = 1 g/kg). Conditions pH=80 depth = 0.05 Ct —" temperature = 20% salinity = 35 ppt 024 6 8 012 14 frequency (kHz) Figure 1 16 18 20 BE 8 ‘sound absorption (dB/km) £88 acrcoa 44 g 8 absorption (4B/km) & 0.20 sound 8 (0) 52 210 115) 2120 ease s0 tet 35) salinity (ppt) Figure 3 Figures adapted from Michael A. Ainile and James G. MeColm, “A ‘Simplified Formula for Viscous and Chemical Absorption in Sea Water." ©1998 by Acoustical Society of America, 21, According to Figure 2, at which of the following water temperatures is the sound absorption by the seawater closest to 0.67 aB/km ? A. 10°C B. 15°C C. 20°C D. 25°C 22, Based on Figure 1, the sound absorption at a frequency of 18 kHz is about how many times as great as the sound absorption at a frequency of 12 kHz’? 1 oa 1 Gz #2 3 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.ABooo000000 04 23. z Suppose that, under the conditions given in Figure 3, sound waves travel a distance of 1 km from a source to a detector. Based on Figure 3, the least energy would be absorbed from the sound waves by the seawater if it has which of the following salinities? AL Spot B. 15 ppt C. 25 ppt. D. 35 ppt ‘Suppose sound absorption by seawater is measured under the conditions given in Figure 2, except that the frequency of the sound waves is 16 kHz. Based on Fig- ures 1 and 2, if the temperature of the seawater is 3°C, will the sound absorption more likely be less than 1.20 dB/km or greater than 1.20 dB/km ? F. Less than 1,20 dB/km, because sound absorption decreases as frequency decreases. G. Less than 1.20 dB/km, because sound absorption decreases as frequency increases. HH. Greater than 1.20 dB/km, because sound absorp- tion increases as frequency decreases. J. Greater than 1.20 dB/km, because sound absorp- tion increases as frequency increases. 45 As the acidity of seawater increases, sound absorption decreases, Based on Figure 2, at a depth of 0.05 kim, a salinity of 35 ppt, a frequency of 10 kHz, a water tem- perature of 20°C, and a pH of 6.0, is the sound absorp- on less than 0.75 dB/km or greater than 0.75 dB/km ? Less than 0.75 dB/km, because seawater, at pH = 6.0 is less acidic than seawater at pH = 8.0. Eess than 0.75 dB/km, because seawater at pH = 6.0 is more acidic than seawater at pH = 8.0. Greater than 0.75 dB/km, because seawater at pH = 6.0js less acidic than seawater at pH Greater than 0.75 dB/km, because seawater at pH = 6.0 is more acidic than seawater at pH = 8.0. Consider in Figure 1 how sound absorption changes 2s the frequency of the sound waves increases. As the wavelength (NOT frequency) of the sound waves increases, does sound absorption increase or decrease? rE as frequency increases, wavelength increase; increases. G, Increase; decreases. ‘as frequency increases, wavelength as frequency increases, wavelength frequency increases, wavelength GO ON TO THE, NEXT PageAocooo0oo00og Passage V Giant puffoall mushrooms (GPMs) have belowground ‘and aboveground structures. Belowground, tubelike threads called hyphae extend throughout the soil. Aboveground, the visible portion of the GPM is referred to a0 a basidio: carp. When some GPMs are disrupted, such as when they are stepped on by an animal, a cloud of particles resem- bling smoke is released from the basidiocarp. Two students discuss the function of the hyphae and basidiocarps in GPMs and also discuss the contents of the cloud of parti- cles released when the basidiocarp is disrupted. Student 1 . ‘The basidiocarps of GPMs are reproductive structures, ‘When cells in the basidiocarp are mature, they produce, by meiosis, cells called spores. The spores are stored directly below the surface of the basidiocarp until the basidiocarp is disrupted. After release, a spore may settle in the soil, ger- rminate, and then form a new hypha. When a newly formed hypha meets another newly formed hypha they fuse and then produce a new basidiocarp. Young basidiocarps do not yet contain spores and thus do not produce a cloud of parti- les when disrupted, ‘The hyphae of a GPM acquire nutrients for the organ- ism from organic matter in the soil. The nutrients are then transported to feed the aboveground structure. Student 2 ‘The hyphae of GPMs are reproductive structures, sim- ilar to the roots of some plants that reproduce asexually. To produce a new GPM, the hyphae grow away from the parental GPM to another location in the soil. Once the hyphae have grown away from the parental GPM, the hyphae produce a new basidiocarp. After the new basidio- ‘carp has formed, the newly grown hyphae separate from the parental hyphae. Like the leaves of plants, the b produce energy for the organisms thr photosynthesis. Basidiocarps also fun predators by releasing a cloud of toxins when disrupted, Young GPMs do'fiot yet produce toxins and are thus unable to release a cloud of particles. iocarps of GPMs h the process of as deterrents to icles containing 21. According to Student 1 and Student 2, respectively, what is the main functional component contained in the cloud of particles from a disrupted basidiocarp? Student 1 Student 2 ‘A. spores carbohydrates B. spores toxins C. toxins carbohydrates D. toxins spores 28. Student 1 implies that the basidiocarps of some GPMs do nor release a cloud of particles when disrupted because the: FE. cells of the basidiocarp have not yet made toxins. G. cells of the basidiocarp have not yet become repro- ductively mature. HL basidioearp ‘has not yet separated from the parental J. basidiocarp has not yet produced enough energy for the GPM. 29, Student 2 indicates that the hyphae of a GPM are pri- marily involved in producing: A. energy. B. spores. C. toxins. D. offspring. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Aoooo00000 04 30. Consider the diagram of the life cycle of a GPM shown below. t “=> a hyphae This diagram is consistent with the discussion(s) of which stadent(s). iether? F. Student | only G. Student 2 only ‘HH. Both Student 1 and Student 2 J. Neither Student | nor Student 2 47 31. 32, 33. Based on Student 1's discussion, spore germination ccan best be described as a process that directly results in the production of new: ‘A. spores. B. toxins. C. hyphae. D. basidiocarps. Do Student 1 and Student 2, respectively, describe the portion ofthe GPM involved in obtaining energy as ing located aboveground or belowground? Student 1 Student 2 F, aboveground aboveground boveground belowground belowground aboveground belowground belowground Based on Student 2's discussion, why do newly formed hyphae separate from parental hyphae after, rather than before, the formation of a new basidiocarp? ‘Ae The basidiocarp of a GPM provides energy for other organisms. B. The basidiocarp of a GPM provides energy forthe . The hyphae of a GPM provide energy for other organisms D. The hyphae of a GPM provide energy for the GPM. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.40 GC. © 0 Osea OF Passage VI A semiconductor is a substance whose electrical prop- erties can be fine-tuned by doping (replacing some of the substance’s atoms with atoms of another substance), Silicon is one example of a semiconductor. A scientist per- formed 2 experiments to study the electrical resistance, R, of silicon wafers (thin blocks) that had been doped. Experiment 1 The scientist placed 15 silicon wafes ture-controlled chamber. The length and width of e: wafer was 10,95 mm, and the thickness of each wafer was 0.95 mm. One wafer was pure silicon, 7 of the wafers had bbeen doped with boron atoms, and 7 of the wafers had been doped with arsenic atoms. Each of the boron-doped wafers and each of the arsenic-doped wafers had a different doping concentration, Ny (the number of doping atoms per cubic centimeter, atoms/em’), The scientist then connected each wafer to a separate ohmmerer (a device that measures 8), Figure | shows this apparatus; for clarity only 1 is shown connected, chamber temperattre control Figure | The scientist set the temperature, 7, of the chamber at 300 kelvins (K). Then, after the wafers had been in the chamber for 30 min, she measured R (in ohms, Q) for each wafer. Figure 2 shows R for the doped wafers; R for the pure silicon wafer was 3.2 x 10" Q. 48 10° 10" 10° RQ Ae 10? 10 108 10° 10" 1N, (atomsfem’) 10* 10” Figure 2 Experiment 2 ‘The scientist removed each wafer from the chamber except for the two having Ny = 10" atoms/em’. She mea- sured R for these 2 wafers at Various temperatures, waiting 30 min between setting T and measuring R (see Figure 3). 204 18 16 4 sai g 10 ee 6 ae of 250 270 290 310 330 350 TK) Figure 3 Figures 2 and 3 adapted from Narain D. Arora, John R. Hauser, {and David J. Roulston, Electron and Hole Mobiles in Silicon as @ Function of Concentration and Temparature." ©1982 by The Inst tuto of Eloctrical and Electronies Enginoors, in. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.400000000 04 34, Suppose that in Experiment 2 the scientist had mea- sured a resistance of 22 forthe boron doped war ‘The temperature of the wafer at the time of this mea- surement would most likely have been: F._ lower than 340 K. G. between 340 K and 360 K, H. between 360 K and 380 K. J. higher than 380 K. What factor was constant in Experiment | but was NOT constant in Experiment 2 ? A. Resistance B. Temperature C. Wafer thickness D. Doping concentration 36. Based on the results of Experiments | and 2, which of the following statements best summarizes the relation- ship between & and Ny and the relationship between and TR increased as E. Ny increased and as T increased. G. 5 increased and as T decreased. HL N, decreased and as Tincreased. J. Ni decreased and as T decreased 37. Did the scientist investigate whether the resistance of a doped wafer is affected by the wafer's dimensions? Yes; the wafers that were tested had different dimensions. ‘Yes; the wafers that were tested had the same dimensions. No; the wafers that were tested had different dimensions. No; the wafers that were tested had the same dimensions. 38. In Experiments 1 and 2, the scientist most likely waited between setting T'and measuring R to ensure that the: F. wafers were in thermal equilibrium with the chamber. \ G: ohmmeters were not in thermal equilibrium with the chamber. H. chamber was in thermal equilibrium with the greater laboratory environment, loping atoms within each wafer were not in ther- mal equilibrium with the chamber. 39, Based on the results of Experiment 1, the ohmmeter shown in Figure 1 is most likely connected to the wafer doped with which type of atoms and at what doping concentration? type of ™ doping atoms —_(atoms/em*y AL boron 10" 5 boron 10" CQ arsenic 10" . D. arsenic 10" 40. Based on the value of R for the pure silicon wafer and. the data in Figure 2, does replacing some of the silicon atoms in a silicon wafer with doping atoms make the wafer a better conductor or a better insulator? F. A better conductor, because the resistance of each doped wafer was less than that of the pure silicon wafer. A better conductor, because the resistance of each ‘doped wafer was greater than that of the pure sili- con wafer. A better insulator, because the resistance of each doped wafer was iess than that of the pure silicon wafer. A better insulator, because the resistance of each doped wafer was greater than that of the pure sili- con wafer. G i. i END OF TEST 4 STOP! DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST. 49