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Rigging Engineering Calculation Part 4

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2K views40 pages

Rigging Engineering Calculation Part 4

Uploaded by

Aswin Antony
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ing EraneringCletone 10.2 Section properties overview 10.2. Neutral axis fist momentof ae ‘Asthe beam defects, the tensile sidestretches slightly andthe compression side shortens slight. The boundary line (betwen compression and tenson long when the length i unchanged i temed the Neutrl Axis es 2t the centroid ofthe section. The zetrod i effectively the point at which the area moments would be in balance. The ist moment of ares math canbe used to determine te location of the centro Consider aT section ke this; where i the Neutral Dxisxicocated? Consider its two pats and ignore the filets : aaa roo 436 a 1% Theres rn itr ome 5 sour eofng eyes 2 om 22 ; (6996699170050 mt \ Die bya arte te manent a fe total section rom top lange 170,050/4,262= 389mm Inasymmeticl section, the centrolé(andthus the NA. lies atthe geometriccentr ofthe section and doesn't requite calculating. 10.2.2 Second moment of area (Area Moment of neti) The second momento area (or rez Moment of neta of section sa measure ofits esitance to bending: onsderingthe sectional area a te sum of infinitesimal small consttuent areas, the moment of iertla of the section i the integral of those areas mulipd bythe square of the distance they ae from the axis about hich the Moment of inertiaisbeingeaeulated. calculating bending stresses, the Moment of inertia generally needed that about the xx neural ai a(S? where yisthe stance ofthe aeain question fom the aN For a rectangular section d= by ‘Appling thistoa rectangular setion bar (os shown inx-secton here) and integrating between y= +/2t0 <2 vil: — y(+ve) b(@__@)_ ow alana) ae be) ere s]-42 ox Sg Ning Enncering Caen Parallel axis theorem “The parallel xs theorem fa useful to! allowing you, Krowing the second moment of area about particlor _atis (sv the nevtral ai) tothe aula the second moment of are about a paral o “The formulas a= bet AP, ‘where asthe area moment of inertia (2% moment of area) ofthe section relative tothe paalel ai, isthe _area mament of inertia ofthe section relative to its neural al (though the centroid, As the aea ofthe ‘section and ris the distance for the neutral nix to the new ais 2 ‘Convers, canbe weed to caledate the second moment of area of section abou its neutral ais, having fst the RH tem above then the larger ofthe vals given by (3-16) or (3-7) that applies. ‘Check ev ir versus the canton even in frmula(@-13) 1 the unbraced length in our casei equal to the distance between theliftugs 17 in, ry# 3.3919, Lo /=197/339 58. (e980) = (GIOX TOOT) = 50.27 (7598675) = \OTS9 x BODHI = 119 ‘Ourcondtion falls within the conditions given in (3-13), othe permissible bending stress the larger ofthe vals ven by (314) or (3.37) Formula SH (314), Fe=(110~ (Fill 31.5669) ) FN Fe (1.10~(86H(197/3.39/'/(31.95290000)) x Fy Ne Fe (1:10-0.13}xFy/N = 0.97 F/M; Itcannot be greater than Fy/Ne[andist) 0.97 FyNy=0.97136/2 = 1746s The permitted bending stress lst is 17.46 si pr (3-18) Formula TH (347) += Cnl0.66EC/ Ndad/ ASF N, ware vs the area ofthe compressicn ange Fs =1x0.66 290001 1 /2s(1871243/12.80.85)=21.8ks, whichis greater‘hanF/Na F/Negowerns FyNe=36/2= 1843 Fs governed by the RH term of (3-17) and is 18s We have [Link] 4167 kipin anda section modulus» 291 In? Fs (compress) = Mau / Sa 18.2 a, Whe 0.79Ps, OK ee Rigging Engoering Castine Web shear “Theaverage shear stress on ustifened plates for which h/t < 245 JE, shall not exceed: Fee RNers n/t = 392; 245, /25000736 = 69:5 tis es than the criteria and F, = Fy/Ni3 applies, Ne= 2.0 for a Category Aer (31.3) = FlNo3= 36/2. 732)= 104s! (maxpermited) {25292 / (243x055) =3.96 ks, OK} Connection design Lower ig Upper ug ‘Th attachment hugs are “Pinned Connections” Per BTH-, the strength of pinconnecte plate inthe region ofthe in hole shal be taken asthe least value the tensile strength ofthe effective area on plane through the center ofthe pin ole perpendicular to the line of action ofthe applied, the fratue strength beyond the pinhole ona single plane parallel tothe ne of action ofthe applied load and, ~ the double pane shear strength beyond the pinhole parallel tothe lin of action ofthe apoie lod, ‘Sheckina the uaver vas ‘The allowable tense strength through the pinhole P shall be caleated as fellows R= C(F/A.2N4)2Abge (E0345) where bur effective with to each ede ofthe pin hole ~~ 0.275 |(1- (03/03) (€93-46) Ge ein Erecting Clin Das hole alameter ‘The value of may be taken a 1.0 for values of B/D Comment 8 propery propetioned declan will moet hicretecen in ameter ‘he effective width hall be taken asthe smaller ofthe values calculated as follows bir At be whereby isthe actual width ofa pin-connected pate between the edge thehole and ‘he edge ofthe plate on line perpendicular tothe line of action of he applied load ‘where is the minimum tensile strength of the connected part, A36stee haz minimum UTSOF 8 ksi G=1,F,= 58s; Ne=24 (for connection), for the upper lug, hug $415 < 375 ence bar=by = 3.75 in (per the fist condition) 58 ben 5375x0652 [55- < 375 ts 5 3.285 3.75in (per the second condition) this the limiting condition bar = Rm CAFy/L2N4)2tbge (E0345) = 2 (S8/1.212.4) x20 1543.24 = 195.8 hip (versus 8.2 ips ating) =15in,b,=375in asin ‘The allonable single pane fracture strength beyond te pinhole Ps ram cogie[usa(n—2) 6 O82 Je aaa) \Where Ris te distance from the cater ofthe hole tothe edge ofthe plate inthe direction ofthe plied loa, Forthe upper iu Fos SBisl, Ne=2, R25.25in, O,=3in, b= 3.5In, G=r 3), 092475 m= 10(sa5raa) 8 (628-3) + eee) Py=174 3 hips (versus 8.2 kips ating) ‘The allonable double plane shear scength beyond the pn hole Ps Were = total are of two shear planes beyond the pinhole fy=2[a+22a—eoso)]e (693-50) where ais the distance from the edge of the pinhole to the edge ofthe plate inthe direction ofthe annlod iad and = 4, For the upper lug, y=2.75in, Oy = 3.00 in (9 5512.75/3.00 = 504" fp75122c -cossoo)e Ae = 1275 in Note: Conservativey, you could take A= 2t 040 yes 11.250") 0758 pend P.= 188.2 hips (versus 88.2 kis rating) Comment conservatively the doubler plotes(danuts) were not considered in the strength oleulotons. wae 183.2 kips 1h strength con which its the permitted for ki ‘equited atng-O% Beating capacity shoud also be checked; this nota strength int, but deformation atthe pont of pinto luz plate bearing should be controlled Frith bearing stress between the plate and pin based onthe projected area of the pin For connections that are not require to rotate under load fra large numberof eyes: Foe 228% (gs) = 325236 ee ot ‘Te allowable tensile strength vvoughthe pinhole P shall be caleulated a follows: B= Cy(Fy/1.2Ne)2b where b= effective widthto each side of he pin hole 10275 [Gyo Dy hole diameter; pla dlameter ‘he value of C may be taken as 1.0 for values of D/Ds greater than 0.90. & Comment A propery proportioned design wll meet his cetedon “The effective with hal be taken the smaller ofthe values calculated as follows air At < by where sthe actual with ofa pn-conneted plate between the edge ofthe hole and ‘he edge of the pate online perpendicular tothe ne of acon ofthe appliedload Fy [Dy bar bO6F pe be Page ing Enver Clune ‘where Fs the misimum tensile strength of the connected part, AB6steelhasa minimum UTS oF 8 ks Go, Fee $8 Me (for connection), Forthe lower lug, = 1.25 nb bap S 4x15 5 300 ence bar= b= 300 (pe the fst condition) 200in br $2.58 3.00 par the sscond condition) ‘his the iting condo, ba: P= (S8/3.2x2)x 244125 «2.58 = 129.2 hips (versus 52.9 hips required atin) ‘The allowable single plane fracture strength beyond the pin hole Peis 26-8) 5h neeigtef = Cor aN T+,/Dy, Where Ris the ditance from the center ofthe hole tothe edge of the plate inthe dracon ofthe spied oad. For the lower lg Fue S8Ks), Nes 24, R=4.19in, O)=2375in, B® 3.00in, C, 2278), asexa0 “2)* Te eanoreary) “125 Jfosa(ae- ura) 116.1 ps; versus 523 kps rating) The allowable double lan shear strength beyond the pinhole Ps o7F, TaN ‘where y= total ven of two shea planes beyond the pinhole Aveafes 2a Woh ens rt gl oe fh paint dene ‘iteaodndon 5b Torte pti [Link] 25in, Oy=250in 21.25 = 049 in? Note: Conservative, you could take A, = 2t [ 0738 8 Tyxze Py 118.7 hips (versus 52.3 kis rating) 649 = 119.7 hips Page Rigng Engirorng Ccltone O ‘Comment conservatively, the doubler lates (danut) were not considered in thestrength caleultions ich limits the permite force onthe ug to 126.1 ip (versus 52.9 bi ‘eauled eating). OK. ‘Bearing cama shoul also be checked this is nota strength iit but deformation atthe point of plat ug plate bearing shouldbe controled, ys the bearing stress between the plate ad pin based onthe projected area ofthe pn For connections that are not requied orotate under load fra arge numberof cycles Faust = Zee 77g (based on fll width) = 94 si Conclusion ‘The design checks out conservatively versus BTH-2 uti not highly effet in materi use. I was to make these commercly! should want trefine ‘Consider the below custom iting beam, tito be used tit a smal Turbine weighing 3t. The locations of the lugs are determined by the Turbine dimensions. To give some reserve over the Turbine weight, to account for “actos such asthe weigh growing’ asthe project develops the beam wl be ated for 3 WLL of Ot, equivalent ‘0 40,9. B14N = 392.40. Upper shackle i 81 WLL Crosby 2130 or Green Pin® 4163 “tandard wer shaclas aw both St WL "The material specified has 2 minimum yield strength of 250N/mm? and a minimum ultimate strength of -400n/mn Per BTH-1 2017 cite for Desgr Category and Service Ue, (predicate loads, conditions not sever, lou) ‘umber of oad cles) this bea st be rated as Category lifer. som, at = f rans gi Ue + 8 fi] “ gE poe Page 123 ine EreinerinClelations Comment. 1 metre ronne(t} » 1000. To convert as (ka) t force (N) mltiply by the acceertion du to gravity» 881 m/s. To convert N20 KN cde by 1000. see 200 ¥at / 3000 «HEN ated load tit lg = 40x06 28¢ = 235.468 ated load a RH lug = 40.0. Max shear force = 7354 Max moment = 235.44 ii Wieo thickness = ange width Fange thickness ‘lear web desth ‘Moment of inert i | ln= 1526310n" Section modulus cx | Sw= Aten?” Tadlus of gyration xx [rma 258m Pastcmedulus 33. | Zee SS2ier™ [Moment finer ya) [lye dteizen® Section modules vy | Sw= 743.3 Radius of gyration vy | tw=708en Pastcmodulus ry | y= A14Rer Young's Modulus of elasticity fr steel can be taken as 200110" Nim (Pascal) = 20000" N/m (MPa), T “The section Is “compat” Le the bear wlatain section lasticty before the web and the ange have the possiblity of bucking, “This beamis tobe rated asa Category A liter, so the minimum values ofthe nominal design factor Ny ae 2.0 for imitates of yeling or bucking and 2.4 for iit states of fracture and for connection design Falgu considerations do not appt In his instance. Matoraisbending ‘As noted he bear is “compact”. See BTH-1 2017 Table 3.2.2, ly the madimum laterally unbraced length (in) ofa bending member for whieh the fl plastic bending capacity canbe relied, is given by ore Bala, mn? 1.76 x 7.0810 /200%09 7250 < = 287 * 200000 7250 5 350 x GIT SASS lp = 1761, [e7e, Where Aris the area of the compression flange,» 30716. rage Riging gineering caleltons y= 3524mm = 375mm les Uy the maxemum lteraly unbraced length (in) ofa bending member for which the fl plastic bending «apzity canbe ealized,s 3524, “This beam isunbraced at approximately So00mm long so the ful plastic Bening capac cannot be used and it Isnecessary to check the next limiting condition L Ls he laterally unbaced length of bending member above which the it tat wil be aterorsonal buckling ven by 1 = f(aa9r8e7,) where nis he rus of gyration of ectlon comping the compreson fang pus oe 1/3 fhe compresion web ta taken about a aus inthe plane ofthe we. ‘can be approximated accurately and conservaively 3s r= by) |12(1 + Cht/ bet), where b= flarge width, t thicknes of web flange thickness, h= height of web, t= 307 1.8mm 122+ (ERR) (exe 307 x 23.6) {may taken consersatively as un (0). [BISXETRXDOOOTXT] TO) = 4132, ‘Comment: the ASC Monvol of Sts! Construction ~ ood ond Resistance Factor Design Volume 2 © Ed, Ports ‘Beom and Girder Design, Tobe 41 provide values of for Simply Supported Beams. For the load ase being ‘evaluated, C= 1.32. Using this inthe obove equation woul yield o 15% improvement = 4747n¥n wiveh in ‘hiscose, does nat change anything a his cantion sn the lining condtion, Asthis beam sunbraced at approximately 5000mmong we cannot use the simple veld stress over design factor formula Fy=F/[Link] wl be imited by lateral bucking condtions ad formulae, Per BTH-1 32.3.2 if the unbracd length ly thided by the radius of gration t (defined above) es within the ne toma 9. 4 Jt) tas 986) ein peme compressive being tres isthe larger ofthe values given by formule (3-14) or (317), ffs is> the RH tem above, then tis the larger ofthe values given by (2-16) or (3-17) that apples. “Checkout ur versus the condtons given in formula (2-13) a the unbrace length inthis ase is equalto the distance between theft lugs = 000mm, (a1980,/r,) = (STS % 29000 % 7738) = 50.7 [C75 % 29000 % 1736) (ur condition fls within the range defined by the conditions given in (313), s0 the permissible bending stress the larger ofthe values given by (318) or (3-17). [7soee,/e,) 119 ein Ernering Cleultons Formula oH (14, 10~ (FL /31.EC4)) Fe 30 (2504{5000/81.8)/(31.1210000e1) x F/M 10-0.14)x FN (0.96 FJN=0.963250/2 ‘The permitted bending stress els) s120N/enn® per (3-18) Formula 81H-2(3-17: (0.96 Fyne; tcannot be greater than FNelandisnt) 1208/mm? = ConlO.66€C./Nallsd/A)SF/Ne, where Aste area ofthe compression flange, 1 Foi gen by: Fu Gr .66EC/Ndld/) OFM (whichever isthe lesen. fy = 10565 x 210000 x1 / 2(5000%617.5/3074236) = 162.6N/mm®, which is greater than /Na ¢ FyNagovers fyJNe=250/2 = 1158/2 Fl governed bythe RH term of (2-17) and ie 115N/mm? “The max. s 470.8848 and the sectlon modulus (912 em? -70.801108/4911x10"=95 9/0 Mebeteor ‘The average shear tress onunstifened plats for which h/t 2.45 [5 /F, shallnot exceed! n/t = 39.2; 245, /7000007250 = 69:3 . ‘hts ess than the criteria and y= F/M apis Ne» 20 fora Category titer (3-13) x= Ne = 250/f201.732)= 72.2N/rwm? max permitted) 2 235 xd0®/ (617.5114) = 27N/mm; OK Gomme dein ‘he atashment lugs ar Per BIH, the strength of a pn-conneced plate inthe region ofthe pln ole shal be taken a: the east value of ned Connactions” — ‘he tensile strength ofthe effective area on 2 plane through the center of the pin hole perpendicular to ‘he lne of action of the applied oad, ~ the facture strength beyond the pinhole ona singe plane parallel to the line of ation ofthe applied — ‘he double plan shear strength beyond the pinhole paral othe line of action ofthe apple load Reine naneeringClesstons Green Pin® Standard Shackles Sow secs wah sae a “eee meets oan ect rt he eer O Be tatranmmconymmosoet = FS ae ing Engineering Caen Checking the stove strength of plates ‘The allowable tensile strength through the pn holeP shall be clelated as fllows: B= GolFy/ LIN) 2tbey (E0345) inere bor = effective width to eachsde ofthe pln hole 10275 [G0 (05709) (e936) Dyshole diameter; = pn ameter “The value of; maybe taken 351.00 for values of B/D, reter than 090. Comment: A sopery proportioned design will eer th eniteron ‘The effective with shall be taken asthe smal of the value caluated as fllows: bap $ ts be (E4347) bis the ectuol with of pn-connected plate between the edge of he hole ond the edge ofthe ‘late online perpeniculor othe tne faction ofthe applied lad So ng a bis ess thon at bys be be (843-48) Fy ber smog [PE \wheze Fs the minimum tensile strength of the connected part, The tel spied has a minimum UTS of 430N/ mm Gah ON mm, Na 28 for connections), Forthe upper ug t= 38mm, by bg 4x38 < 95 (69347) rem [per the ist condition Ea. 347) mm 200 (28 5 95 cea ~ 48 350 {og 95 (93 ~ 48) ‘ba $81.6 95mm per the second contion Ea. 3-48) (Eq, 348) gves theming conto b= 8.6mm Per Eq. 348), R= Cy(F/L2N)2tbe Pc 1x 40/1.2024) x 2x38 481.6 = 8613330 = 851 24N or 87.8 (versus 40 rating ‘The allowable single plan racture strength beyond the pinhole Ps ghven by [3 (0-2) +l Where Ris the disance fom the center ofthe hole to the edge of the plat in the director of the applied lad, for the upper ug; 00N/mm, Nu= 2.4, R= 233mm, De= 76mm, be= 95MM, C t= 38mm Pages +a) 70 8.7 versus required 40 rating Py = 29) zxza) P1909 -F) 400190029) BOA Ps 77L.6AN; equivalent to 7716/98 ‘The allowable double plane shear strength beyond the pinhole Fs o7F, = Bia, 3-50 ete moluetel woe seston ep Av=2fes 2a -cossfee43-80 \wmere af the distance from the edge ofthe pinhole to the edge ofthe plate inthe direction af the apple load and 9» 5SD4/Oy (E9252), mm ispected shackle pin diameter Forthe upper 6mm, = 95mm 2.75/3.00 = 504° A= foes Ba—csens nae eit? Note: Concervativey, you could take A= 2a lid 722000°) 07400, 9104 R= Tez * in90 ~ 7957 KN P+ = 795.7AN, whichis equivalent to 795.7/9.81 = 81.1; versus 40 required rating) Comment: conservotwely, the doubler plates (darts) were not considered inthe strength calustions. “Ihe limiting strength conditions P, which nts the psrmited force onthe lug to 78.7 (vere ‘ating. 0K ‘Bearing capacity should also be checked: this is nt astrength lm but deformation 3 the point of pint ug, Plate bearing shouldbe controled, isthe bearing stress between the plate ar pin based onthe projected area ofthe pn For connections that are not required to rotate under lad for large numberof cles; Fong « EES _ 125x250 pam Ny ae 1924410? 76% 70 the tp ue design satisfies BTL with anole eserves, = 1302 N/mm? (ase on fll width) = 73.8 N/mm? ‘Checking the lowe luas The allowable tense strength through the pn hole, shall be calculated as follows R= CF y/1.2Ne)2be where bu'=efletive width to each de ofthe pinhole Page 128 Resin EngnowigCaleations 10278 [( ole lameter;D, = pin diameter Tre value of, may be taken 251,00 for values of B/Ds reste than 0.90, Comment:A propery proportioned design wil eet thie ction. ‘The effective with shall be taken asthe smaller ofthe values calulated as follows dep Ste |y the actual wath of pi-coonected plot between the edye ofthe hole the ede fe plate ue {2 ine perpendculr to the tne of ction of the eppied lea. 0 lng a3 bis ess than 4, by =e ‘where Fis the minimum tensile strength of the connected pat, The see to be utes has a miniure UTS of €00N/nm #1, = 400N/mn, Ne=28 or connections: forthe lower lug, = 30mm, be= 76.5 gr $430 $ 765m Hence bar= by = 76mm per the st conltion) 400 [60 hes 76506508 | 8 tu $ 65$ 765mm [per the second condition) this isthe limiting cnation, bar = mm 3.00 =x 400/242.) x2 30 65/2000 = 542.74N; (versus 235 AKN required atin) ‘The olloweble sna plane fracture stcogth beyond the in hoe Ps Pay, 092be 7, " (0-2) here Ris te dstance from the canter ofthe hole tothe edge of the plate inthe direction ofthe plied loa, For the lower ug Fos 400N/mm?, Nes 2.4, R= 106mm, Oy = 60mm, 092765 | * Ty 765760) Att). (106-2) Pe = AB6T3AN = 486.7 (versus 235.4kN required rating) Ria raincering Colao ‘The allowable double plane shear stength beyond te pla hole P o7Fy TaN Where Ay total area of two shear pares heyond the pine afer2ta-cnofe as Where ais the distance from the edge of the pinhole to the edge ofthe plate inthe rection ofthe pple lood and @= 55% Dye Forthe lower lug,O}= 57mm, Dy=6omm = 55:57/60 = 52.28" Note: Conservatvely, you could take A= 2at (which would have yielded 458000", 07400 SERIE 4 5253/1000 = 612.98N 20 kN; (versus 235.44N required ating) ‘Comment: conservtive the double plates (donuts) were not cansidered in the strength aleuloins. ‘he lnting strength condon is Pa, which nit he ug to 49674 (er required ating): O§ ‘Bearing capacity should als be checked; thi nota stenath iit but deformation a the point of pinto ue plate bearing should be controled Fosthe bearing stress between the plate and pn based onthe projected area of the pin For connections that are not required to rotate under load fora large numberof eyes; 125x250 Frm =p ~ 130.2 N/mm? 235.4410 erat = SEAT (ase on fll width the lower ug design satisfies STH] with ample reserves concuton 68.8 N/mm? ‘The design checks out conservatively versus ATH but isnot highly efclen in material ute. if was to make ‘these commer should want to eeine it etn ranearing Clete 11.15 Bxample spreader br design to ASME 830.20 BTH-12017 worked, ‘This simple pipe spreader is typical ofthe srt of item that might be fel designed & fabricated for a specif purpose. How would you apply BT to very the adequacy of ts design? Material grade A36, [6k minimum yield stent, 58ks minimum utimate strength Young's Modulus of elastic for steel an be taken as 6=29 Mp (29000 pain} Page 2 ig Engineering Calations. isan] aan comin | bscsam tao | Szanm arian | soaaont anaritt | eos ent Soom | “tren 13.2ftan60 = ‘The spreader bar is to be rated at 13.2tons (12t) with equal 7.62tkips —__erethincned sings a» minmum of tothe horton woe / 13.2tons «13.2 2001000 «26s. Verte at J cochend = 284/2= 18.208 g , Leorng te se weight ofthe bar, the tension in exh of ag / theincned sings = 13.2060 =15 26s 7 The compressive forein the bar = 13.2/tanO = 7.42:ps ‘Check compress strength of ioe 0 Ww) First check limiting Width-Thickness Ratio of the pipe for compression per Table 3.2.2. There is only ‘one compression element tobe evaluated, the cculac hollow section (seamless pipe inthis case), ‘The With to Thickness aio Ot (outside lameter to wal thickness) 5 563/0.375 = 148 ‘The limiting With Thicknes ratio= 0.1/Fy = 0.11 x 28000/36 = 88.6 ‘The actual Width to Thickness rato therefore less than the limiting Width to Thickness ratio for a ‘member subject to ail compressin and meets the provisions of Table 3:22 "Next, check the slendermess ati Kil. (Kis the effective length factor, the actual unbraed length and + the aus of gyration), ‘The actual slenderness ati, K/r =x 96/1839 522. The limiting Column Slendermess Ratios gven by fant _ fan? x 29000 Fy 36 ‘As 52.2126, the pipe snot slender compresion element and the allowable anal compression stress Is ghenby equation (33) as follows [1-202 ap] Rp 3 or , ge Aegng Eranering Coons 52.2)? ___ baal Tas S22) 3052277) W126 40% 1267] eo Dee o914 x36 ‘T+ oo932i — 000533) ~ 2 10876E ‘Atal compressive tess =7.621/6.112= 1.2546 Alternatively, the permissible anal compressive force = Fe x A resuited being 7. kp 15.1 ¥ 6.112 = 92.3kps (versus the The compression stwength is therefore very much OK Metcteck ‘The pipe to endplate welds are fll penetration welds, the strenth ofthe connection is therefore tobe based on the strength of the A36 base material. Ref 3.3.4.1c. ‘Weld shear area = 4x 037535875 = 881i ‘Shear stress Fshallnot exceed: 26Fy 06% 36 apa: = 108 fv=7621/881=05ks Wilds ae very much under stressed. Sonnection uns ‘The attachment igs are “Pinned Connections” Per THA, the stength ofa pn-conneced plate inthe region ofthe in hole shal be taken athe leas value ~ the tons strenth ofthe effective area on a plane through the center of the pn hole perpendicular to the line faction of the applied ond, the fracture stznath beyond the pinhole on a singe plane paral t the line of action ofthe applied loagand, ~ the double plane shear stranith beyond the pin hole parallel othe line of action ofthe apple loa. Both upper end ower luge ave the same dimentianelh, so on evluation wing the more highly leaded upper connection (with the ncined sings) wil ere both. Te holes are concetic within the lugs so te tensile ree ‘isthe some cs the conservatively essessed double sheor area. the shear checks out the tensile wil olso be OK ‘asthe permisitesheor is only 60% ofthe permissible tensile Consider the inclined fore of 15.25 kins as though it acts vertically (dimensionally the more concerti. “The allonable tensile stength through the pinhole P, shale calculated as flows: ¢ Bm Cy(Fy/A2N4)2tbg (E0345) where bu effective width to each side ofthe pinhole ang Eaineerig cacultons. = 0275 [(0= (04/08) fo2.45 2+= hole dlameter 73; Op in clameter=1.63n (orspectied Crosby shackle). ‘ha value of may be taken a 1.00 for vals of y/0 greater than 0.90. Comment: property proportioned design wil mee this criterion. ‘the effective width shall be taken a the smaller ofthe values calelated as follows bar < At bg, where bs the actual width ofa placonnected pate between the edge ofthe hole and the edge ofthe pte online perpendcule tothe ine of action ofthe applied lon. here Fs the miimum tele strength ofthe connected part. A36 ste! has a minimum UTS oF 8k r=, Fu 58hsi My = 24 (for connections) For the lugs, t= 1, b= 2.0625 in br $ 4% 10 $ 20625, Hence bar= by = 2.96 n per the frst coetion) furs ‘bw $1,845 2.06 npr the second conition) this the lit condton, bar = 1.88 in R= CyCFy/A2Nel2tbe (€43-45) Pox (58/1 202.4) x2 1.0% 1.84 74.1 hips (versus 15.25 hips actual based on rating) “The allowable single nlane facture strength beyond the pn hole Ps Duy, 092by ren ceraeclts(e-2) +cat 0-4) Where Ris the ctance from the center ofthe hole tothe edge ofthe plate inthe direction af the applied oad Fe 58 Ks), Ny=#24, R= 215/16 [use this minimum distance), Oy 1.75in, b= 206i, C= 0 (aS) (oars 225 Py = 645 hips: versus 15.25 hips required) Py 10 + next Tr 06/175) “The allowable double plane shear strength beyond the pin hole Ps o7F, TaN ‘Where A.= total area of two shear planes beyond the pinhole R Ay (E43 50) anes eee 2 Av=ap-+280-o00) xa-s0 : th i die fe lh efi pin he eon fe crashed mae Note: Conseratvely, you can take A, = 28t= 22.06 07x58 PERSE 4.12 = 58.1 ips 12 + 58.1 hips [versus 15.25 ips equled) ‘Thelimitingstrength condition, which limits the permite force on the ug to 58.2 Kos (versus 15.25 Kos seauired rating] 0% ‘Seating caput should aso be checked this isnt a strength limit, but deformation atthe pint of pinto ug plate bearing shouldbe controled Fristhe bearing stress between the plate and pn based onthe projected ares of he pin, Forconnectons that are not required to rotate under lad for large numberof eeles; Werked example using etic.) un Comment: 1 metric ronne (= 1000, To convert mass (kg) 0 force (N) multiply by the acceleration due to gravity = 91 m/s. To convert N to AN vide by 1000, 485 1000"9.81 /1000 = 9.8146 ‘The material specified has a minimum yield strength of 250N/mm? and a minimum ultimate strength of 400N/mm*. Young's Modulus of elastic fr steel canbe taken a8 200x10" N/m (Pascal) = 20030 N/m (wa, Per BTH-1 2017 criteria for Design Category and Service Lie, predictable loads, covtions nat severe, low ‘number oad cycles) tis beam itobe rated as a Categary lifter. epg Engineering Calcustions F m0 : wei == era | ayn ay Fumacum ae € siaesaa nat q HK Sagan rr soe sa00h Tara mm oa7sin | 952mm 4a1gin 1223 mm ena | g94gen zoariint | aso ont 18299 ‘467 om ertan6t 4Bt= 34,0kN THe spreader bors tobe rated a 12¢ metric tons) with equal length incined sings at minimum af 60" tothe horizontal sed oO Verte force teach end = 12/2 = 6(8.94N) Ignoring the sel weight ofthe bar, the tension in ech of the Incned sings 6/sn60 = 6.93 (68.04). ‘The compressive fore in the bar = 6/tan60 = 3.46 (34.0kM) 6 58.9kN ‘Check compressive srenas of nine i) First check inti Width Thickness Ratlo ofthe pipe for compression pet Table 32.21. Tere i oly ‘one compression coment tobe cvaluste, the cular hollow ction (zomlezpipa in thieae), ‘The With to Thickness ratio Ot (outside lamer to wal thickness) = 1413/9525 = 14.8 ‘The iting Wid Thickness ratio= 0.12/F= 0.11 200,000/250 = 88.0 ‘Te actual Width 1 Thickness ratio i therefore les than the fiting Width to Thickness ratio fora ‘ember subject toaxial compression and meets the provisions of Table 3-221 ain franglo (i) Next ehecktheslenderness ratio Kt. (isthe effective length actor, the atu unbracedlegth and the radius of gyration) ‘The actual slenderness ratio, Kir = 1 2438/467 = 522. ‘The limitng Colm Sienderness Ratio i ven by: fame fon? x 200,000 cs Fee Pe p6, Fee f-fBle0 ee Sea] Actual compressive stress = 3400/3963 = 86N/mm? ‘The compression strength therefore very much OX Weld check ‘The pipe to endplate welds are ful penetration welds, the strength ofthe conection therefore to be based on the strength ofthe ABG base material. (Ref 33.4.1) ‘Weld shear area = 4 9.63 150 = 5760mm? 16SN/mm? hear stress Fi shall not exceed: 75N/mm? y= 3601045760 #5. 9N/mm= Wilds are very much under tesse, Comestion ge ‘The atachment lugs are “Pinned Connections" Per 8TH, the strength of pn-connected pate nthe relon ofthe pn hole shall be taken asthe least value of tho tensile strength ofthe effective area on plane through the center ofthe pn hole perpendicular to theline faction ofthe apelied os, ~ the facture strength beyond the pinhole on a single plane paral tothe line of action ofthe applied load and, the double plane shear strength beyond the pinhole paral! othe line of action ofthe applied load, oth upper ond lower lus ae the same dimensional, san evaluation using the mare highly oaded upper connection (uth he inclined sings) wil serve both. The holes are cancentic witha the lugs 50 the tensile areo ‘athe same asthe conseretvlyanested double sheor rea If the shear checks ou the tena wil also be OF ‘2s the permisible shear only 60% o he permissible tensile ‘Consider the incline force of 680k as though acs vertically (dimensionally this mote conservative) ‘The allowable tans strength trough the pin hoe P shall be aleulated as olows: R= GF/L2N)2b4 (E9345) where hy =eflective with to each side ofthe pinhole ¢, = 10275 |(1— (03/08) (ea 3-46) in diameter ‘The va of may be taken as 1.00 for values of Dy. greater than 090. 4mm (or spected Crosby shackle. Comment A propery proportioned design wil mec this criterion, “Te eftective width shal be ake are sally of the wales alte a fallow, barr 4 by, where bys the actual width ofa pn-connected plate between the edge ofthe hole and ‘the edge ofthe plate ona line perpenciculr to the line of action ofthe applied oad wesnatl en here Fe is the minimum tensile strength ofthe connected part. A36 steel has a minimum UTS of -400N/?. #1, A00N/ me, N For the ls, by $4254 553 ence ber= by = 53mm per the fst condition) 2.4(for connections, 25 mm, be= 53mm bar $46.3 & 53mm (per the second coniton) this the limiting condition, ber = 6.3mm R= CAFy/12N4)2Ab (E0345) (a00/1.22.4)x 2% 25.648 3/1000 = 325.4; (versus BERN FeqUired based on ‘The allowable single plane fracture ttength beyons the pn hole P's Pom coca fisa (RMP) + ee age 18 lr eq3—49 ung Engineering Cae Where isthe stance from the center ofthe hole to the edge ofthe pate inthe direction ofthe applied oad. Fes 400N/mm, N=2.4, R= 7Smm (use this minimum distance, Dy = 44mm, b= 46.3mm, C= a= 20( za) 908-9) + ecapan) ios 24 Sk (versus GAN required) 2865kN ‘The allowable double lane shear strength beyond the pin hole Ps o7F, P= dame a3—50) where total ares of two shear planes beyond the pinhole b, y= 2[a422 ~coso)]t (643-51) Whereas the distance from the edge ofthe piahoe to the edge ofthe plate inthe direction of the applied ond and 8 = S50,/0, y= 1.4m, Oy= 44mm Note: Consewatively, you can take A 07% 400 axad 261, 7A; versus 84H required) at = 2x53 28.4= 2690" % 2692/1000 = 261.7 ‘Thelimbng strength condition, which init the permite force onthe ug to 261 7k versus SKN requires ‘ating OK ) Bearinacapaciy should also be checked this i nota strength lit but deformation a the point of pin to lug Plate bering shouldbe controled, Foisthebearing stress between the plate and pin based onthe projected are of the pn, For connections that are not required orotate under lad for large numberof eyes: 1258, 1.25% 250 : Ree at) = SRP 30 20 axi0? : unl = Fea xara O47N/mm he dein stisfes THA wth ample reseves Peer Rigg tegneeing selations 211.6 ‘Spender bar design adequacy check using ASD Genero! ‘Should you want to conducta quick check the adequacy of spreader bar design for its asserted WAL, ‘youcould use a permissible allowable stress design code. n tis method, adual stresses are calculated and compared with permisible stesses that are set by code to not exceed the elastic limit. ASD Structural tee design codes have largely been superseded by iit state design (aka LRFD) and have been withdrawn, however ASD le mich simpler to comprehend [particularly ‘or oktimers who grew up withthis) ond stil provides a workable eau (na lot fewer steps) ASD shows design tobe marginal, You would be advised to conduct a more rigorous check using LAF. sting BS 449, the use of Structural Stee in buldng Part 2 metic units (now withdrawn) ‘Check theprecesing design a Category Alife. ‘Toamply an enhanced degree of conservatism over structural steel design flecting iting applications, appla factor of say 1.25 to the quired WLL of 22¢to eve a design load of St. torate at 12¢usng, {a stuctural tee! code, design using 15 the compression “Tocheck the capacity ofthe plpe section n compression, the following table wil be used tabuates the safe Compressive Loads per S449 for steel to 84960 grade 43 (nim yield stress 255 N/m’, approximately 36%s! vel) ts closely equivalent to A36 oe the table ered om he flowing formu rely, Se the permissible average stress, Nim? ad factor or coelfient (taken 251.7 in B49) ‘Ys minimum yell stres, Noun, (255 N/m in this case) 22210000 TF 30/1000 Jendemess ratio= effective lngth/ radius of gyration = Bulereriial stress N/m u Knowing pe (the permissible average stress on gross sectional area ofthe sompression member) the permisible load canbe determines by multipying Bx the gross sectional area for each section. The resis expressed in kN are tabulate. “The closest sie tabulated (on the conservative sles 139.7mm OD x mm wal thickness. “The spanis2.43m andthe effective length (fit) factor, 50 use 2.5m, At 2.5m effective span, the “safe” permssible aval compressive lading Is 4#2KN. The design “compression load 2148 3.25 42.1, Ls, about 9.6% af permissible Paes ging Emenee Cluations = fete tase HHH AA AB a =: Hc el- alc: mira ORS Te Ae = Sel ele eee ms SPREE SSES EES = SESS eeeees S| Le = SBE a HERES Ege e sksheor out fo check Rated vertical force/end to be 12/2 = 6t = 58.9kN. The inclined force at 6" sling angles (tothe horizontal) = 1.155 x58.9= 68K Multiply by 1.25 =85AN desien load or checking aesner ene) "Max design load = 85 4, assume2 shear planes based on min distance hole to head radius f= 85x10"/ 22518 a ‘Appi max loa (upper) to min area lower) 32.1 N/mr?, pe= 15 NJ a factor of 28%, OK Paget Max design load= 85 BN = 85410" 22853 = 32.1, p= 155 N/mm’, 2 factor of 20.7%, OK ‘Shed pin bearing Shackle pin darter = 4.4mm (17tCrosby 62130) y= 85x10" 41.425 = 82.2N/mm pe= 190mm factor of 23.3%, OK Check weld plote to ine Full but welds re specified Wield eng = 150mm = 600mm Wield area = 6909.6 5760mm? ‘by=115 Wim ~ weld is good fr $7601125/2000 kN = 652 KN, compressive free Is 425K, factor a onctusion “This design s more thanadequete forthe purpose, In facts rather overdesigned

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