Disciplines and Ideas

in the Applied Social

Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Professionals and Practitioners
in Counseling
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Science
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling

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Disciplines and Ideas
in the Applied Social
Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Professionals and Practitioners
in Counseling
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Senior High School Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social
Sciences of Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ic-
6/12-Ic-7/ 12-Ic-8/12-Ic-9/12-Ic-10: Professionals and Practitioners in
Counseling.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict a skill, an action, and a purpose. Through our hands, we learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you, as a
learner, are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to fill to process what
you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson. This also lends retention of the
concepts learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Discipline and Ideas on Applied Social Sciences is a response to the call

of the Department of Education (DepEd) to meet the learning objectives in the “new
normal” way of life while ensuring the health and safety of students for School Year
2020-2021. The lessons and activities in this module are completely aligned with
the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) from the curriculum guide
intended for this subject.

This module will tackle the Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling. It

will focus on the roles, functions, works areas, career opportunities,
accountabilities, and unethical behaviors of the counselors.

The lessons in this module are helpful to the counselors who are passionate
in helping students cope with life experiences and struggles amid COVID-19
pandemic. The words were carefully chosen for easier learning while maintaining
quality discussion to meet the objectives.

After going through this module, the learners are expected to:
a. identify the practitioners of counselling and discuss their various
roles and tasks.
b. distinguish between ethical and unethical behavior of counselors.
c. value the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of
counselors.

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 What I Know

PICTURE ANALYSIS. Study the pictures in COLUMN A. Match them

with the types of counseling in COLUMN B. Also, state briefly the roles
and functions of counselors for each area. Use a separate sheet of paper
for your answers.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

Answer: ________________ A. Marital

Relationship
Roles/Functions: __________ Counseling
________________________

1. ________________________

Answer: ________________ B. Gerontology

Counseling
Roles/Functions: __________

________________________
2.
________________________

Answer: ________________ C. Adolescent

Development &
Roles/Functions: __________
Counseling
________________________

________________________
3.

Answer: ________________ D. Career

Counseling
Roles/Functions: __________

________________________

________________________
4.

Answer: ________________ E. Child

Development &
Roles/Functions: __________ Counseling
________________________

________________________
5.

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 Lesson
Professionals and Practitioners in
2B Counseling

Guidance counselors are helping

professionals with different areas of
specializations. This profession is guided by
Republic Act No. 9258, also known as the
Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004.
Section 3-A of the said Act defines Guidance
and Counseling as “a profession that involves
the use of an integrated approach to the
development of a well-functioning individual
primarily by helping him/her utilize his/her
potentials to the fullest and plan his/her future in accordance with his/her
abilities, interests and needs.”

This law recognizes the importance of professionalizing the roles and

functions of guidance counselors to protect the profession and the counselee. As
anyone can give counseling, we cannot tell whether a counselor is already doing
more harm than good to his/her clients. We must always remember that words are
very powerful tools that can make or break a person. As the saying goes “It is
difficult to pick up broken pieces of someone’s soul.”

What’s In

Every person has struggles and pains in life but deals with them differently.
Some take them lightly; others do not. Some say they are all right; others say they
are too heavy to bear. We also have our own coping mechanisms. We either try to
face the problem head on or choose to escape. We sometimes use our emotional
strength to understand what is happening. For some of us who are struggling to
cope and rise, the counselors are willing to reach out, extend help, and give
guidance. As you have already learned from the previous lessons, we can seek
guidance for academic concerns, relationship conflicts, family issues, suicidal
ideation, recurrent attacks of anxiety, and whenever we find difficulty in coping due
to grief and loss of an important person.

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 Nowadays, people are more aware of the
importance of maintaining mental health. However,
because of the rapid increase in the number of those
who need professional help especially in this time of
pandemic, young people are encouraged to be
empowered to help professional counselors.

Chrisha Ane Magtubo, in her article titled

“Mental Health in the Philippines: By the Numbers”
(MIMS Today, Sept. 2, 2016), said that there were only
700 practicing psychiatrists as against 100 million
Filipinos. She also mentioned the NSO (PSA) study
stating that there were 88 cases of mental health
problems for every 100,000 Filipinos.
Indeed, guidance counselors are needed to deal
with adjustment issues and to prevent psychiatric
disorders. Sadly, the Philippines only
has 3,220 registered guidance counselors as of July
2017. With the scarcity of psychiatrists, psychologists,
and guidance counselors, how are we dealing with
everyone’s anxiety and mental issues brought about by
COVID-19 crisis? It is expected that the number of
persons seeking professional help will increase in 6-18
months of post-tragedy. Obviously, people will need a
lot of support and guidance in managing depression,
anxieties, uncertainties, and traumatic experiences
from the helping professionals.
This module will help us get to know the
professionals and practitioners of counseling.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in
guiding the learners.

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 What’s New

Carl Rogers, one of the founding figures of

Humanistic Approach in Psychology and most
influential psychotherapists, developed the well-
known Client-Centered Therapy. He believed that
therapists should accept clients with genuineness,
empathy, and unconditional positive regards.
He stressed that as individuals, we are naturally
good, creative and can achieve self-actualization
only if there is congruence.

Self-actualization happens when the

person’s “ideal-self” or “who they want to be” is
congruent to “self-image” or the actual behavior. Once a person has achieved the
self-actualization, he can function well as an individual.

Roger’s recognizes five characteristics of a Fully Functioning Person.

1. Open to experience. A person accepts both positive and negative emotions.

Negative feelings are not denied; but worked through (rather than resorting
to ego defense mechanisms).
2. Existential living. A person is in touch with different experiences as they
occur in life, avoiding prejudging and preconceptions. Being able to live and
fully appreciate the present, not always looking back to the past or forward
to the future (i.e., living for the moment).
3. Trust feelings. The person’s feelings, instincts, and gut-reactions are given
attention and trusted. His or Her own decisions are the right ones, and he or
she trusts himself or herself to make the right choices.
4. Creativity. This person is a creative thinker and risk-taker. He or She does
not play safe all the time. He or she can adjust, change, and seek new
experiences.
5. Fulfilled life: This person is happy and satisfied with his or her life, and
always looks for new challenges and experiences.

Recognizing ourselves, our potentials, and our good qualities is a huge

factor. Therapists and counselors are there to guide us get through our lives; but
it will always begin from knowing and accepting ourselves.

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 What is It

The Roles of Counselors

Counselors assist clients or counselees in facing life issues through self-

realization, goal setting, decision-making, developing social skills, and giving
guidance to cope with crisis. They give counsels to emotionally and mentally
disturbed individuals who are victims of violence, parent’s separation, grief, and
loss.

The Functions of Counselors

Republic Act No. 9258 defines guidance and counseling as a profession that
involves the use of an integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning
individual. Primarily, the functions of guidance counselors are the following:

1. Help client develop and utilize potentials to the fullest

2. Help client plan for his or her future based on his or her abilities, interest,
and needs
3. Give counseling
4. Administer psychological test
5. Do research
6. Placement and follow up
7. Referrals
8. Facilitate group process
9. Teaching and practicing guidance and counseling subjects
10. Administer a wide range of human development services

Career Opportunities and Areas of Specialization of Counselors

The following are the outline and description of areas of specialization of

counsellors (Nystul 2003).

1. Marriage and Family Counseling – its focus is helping couples and families
discover options and opportunities for effective family living.
2. Child and Adolescent Counseling – this is focused on helping children and
adolescent acquire coping skills through promotion of resiliency, positive
attachment relationship, emotional and intellectual intelligence and other
qualities that promote optional development
3. Career Counseling – this consists of vocational career services, occupational
placement, vocational guidance, career counseling, career education, career
therapy and position coaching
4. School Counseling – the job requires skills on consultation, counseling
exceptional students and with the ability to handle problems such as drug
abuse, teenage pregnancy, divorced or single parents, and dropping out of
school.

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 5. Mental Health Counseling – Mental health counselors must be inventive, and
creative to address these problems.

The following are other major areas (Peterson and Neseholz 1987).

1. Gerontology (the aged) – involves counseling the elderly including

preretirement.
2. Health – offers possibility for nutrition counseling, exercise and health
education, rehabilitation, stress management, and genetic counseling.

Career Opportunities for Counselors

1. Educational and school counselors – offer personal, educational, social, and

academic counseling services.
2. Vocational or career counselors – facilitate career decision-making.
3. Marriage and family counselors – offer a wide range of services for couples
and families.
4. Addictions and behavioral counselors – work with people suffering from drugs
and alcohol abuse, sex addiction, eating disorder and gambling problems.
They also help family members who have been affected.
5. Mental health counselors – often work as part of a treatment team in a center
or facilities with psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, and other health
care professionals who aim to promote mental health.
6. Rehabilitation counselors – are engaged with individuals suffering from
physical or emotional disabilities.
7. Genetic counselors – work with doctors, nurses, social workers, and genetic
specialists to give proper information on potential offspring with genetic
diseases or disorder.

Rights, Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Counselors

Section 27 of R.A. 9258 (Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004) states that
any unethical practice of guidance and counseling as may be defined in a Code of
Ethics and Code of Technical Standards is prohibited.

Code of Ethics of Counselors

Article I: General Ethical Principle

That the Guidance Counselor shall observe the ethical principles, not misuse
his/her professional relationship, shall be truthfully devoted for professional
growth.

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Article II: Relationship with Counselee

That the Counselor shall respect the integrity of his/her client, recognize
individuality, clarify his/her role, establish professional relationship, explains
results of diagnostic tools, and maintains CONFIDENTIALITY.

Article III: Relationship with the Community

Guidance Counselor shall establish the guidance program that is beneficial

to both, show regard to moral code and moral expectations of the community, and
attend to the needs, problems, aspirations and human resources of the community.

Article IV: Relationship with Colleagues in the Profession

Guidance Counselors shall maintain high standard of competence,

professional level of relationship and consultation.

Article V: Research and Publication

Guidance Counselors shall conduct research, acknowledge source of his/her

ideas and recognize in the publication.

Article VI: Miscellaneous Provisions

Any Registered and Licensed Guidance Counselor who violates any provision
of this Code shall be administratively liable

Other fundamental principles of ethical standard for counselors are:

- respect for human rights and dignity,

- respect for clients’ right to be self-governing,
- fair treatment of all clients,
- ensure integrity of professional relationship,
- commitment to client’s well-being, and
- do referrals, as necessary.

What’s More

A. Directions: Read and analyze the following cases. Then identify what ethical
standards for counselors are being described or followed. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answers.
1. A guidance counselor is too busy preparing for the deadline of reports as
requested by his superior but decides to stop for a while to attend to a
counselee who has just walked in and asked for a counseling session.
The guidance counselor’s action supports Article No.: ____________________
Explanation: ______________________________________________________________

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 2. A guidance counselor coordinates with stakeholders of the school and other
agencies to extend help for students who need a part-time job to support
their studies.
The guidance counselor’s action supports Article No.: _____________________
Explanation: ______________________________________________________________
3. A guidance counselor needs to attend seminars and workshop for continuing
professional development.
The guidance counselor’s action supports Article No.: _____________________
Explanation: ______________________________________________________________
4. A guidance counselor collates the pertinent records, interprets the data
gathered and uses them for studies and publications.
The guidance counselor’s action supports Article No.: ______________________
Explanation: ______________________________________________________________
5. A guidance counselor fails to inform the parents about the suicidal ideation
of the counselee who eventually takes his own life.
The guidance counselor’s action supports Article No.: ______________________
Explanation: ______________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Modified True or False. Read and understand the statements below. Write TRUE
if the statement is correct, FALSE if it is not. Use a separate sheet of paper for
your answers.

1. Counseling is giving some advice to solve the clients’ problems.

2. Unconditional Positive Regard is accepting the clients without any judgement
on their background, religion, social status, and the like.
3. Self-actualization is impossible because a human being naturally keeps on
looking at himself all his life.
4. Counselors can be at the business and industry area, specializing in training
and personnel development.
5. Counselors have different areas of specialization such as career counseling,
school counseling and mental health counseling.
6. R.A. 9258 is the Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004.
7. A guidance counselor should handle students with cases of physical assault
and give sanctions about their misbehavior.
8. Psychologists have the same level of education as guidance counselors but with
different functions.
9. Both positive and negative feelings of the counselee should be recognized by the
counselor.
10. Self-actualization can be achieved when there is congruence.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Read and understand each of the situations. Tell whether it is

Ethical or Unethical. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A guidance staff gives counseling and administers psychological tests to

assess the counselee.
2. A guidance counselor maintains confidentiality by taking down the details
of counseling in his report, documents it, and keeps it properly.
3. A counselor wants to be a private practitioner specializing in marriage and
family counseling.
4. Guidance counselors maintain and update their professional skills.
5. A guidance counselor who seeks advice from colleagues about a highly
sensitive case unfortunately reveals some identification of his counselee.
6. A guidance counselor accepts referrals in exchange of promotion.
7. A male counselor accepts a female counselee.
8. A guidance counselor is attracted to a walk-in counselee and continues to
see each other for follow-up counseling session.
9. A guidance counselor patiently waits until his counselee is ready to open-
up.
10. A guidance counselor asserts his religious beliefs and views about
LGBTQ during the counseling session.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read and understand each question. Write the letters of your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. An area of specialization where a counselor is focused on helping couples and

families discover options and opportunities for effective family living
a. Career Counseling c. Marital Relationship Counseling
b. Gerontology counseling d. Child & Adolescent Development Counseling
2. A specialization on vocational services, occupational placement, and position
coaching
a. Career Counseling c. Grief Counseling
b. Industrial Counseling d. School Counseling

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3. Who offers academic counseling?
a. Addiction Counselor c. School Counselor
b. Genetic Counselor d. Mental Health Counselor

4. A specialization engaged with individuals suffering from physical or

emotional disabilities.
a. Addiction Counselor c. Rehabilitation Counselor
b. Genetic Counselor d. Vocational Counselor

5. The following are competency skills needed by a counselor EXCEPT

a. Attending and Listening c. Communication Skills
b. Cheating Skills d. Reflective Skills

Additional
Activities

Create a brochure to promote the guidance and counseling profession to

senior high school students. Make your brochure attractive and comprehensive by
including your insights learned from this module. You can use material available
at home or the internet.

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What I can do? Assessment
1. Unethical 1. C
2. Ethical 2. A
3. Ethical 3. c
4. Ethical 4. C
5. Unethical 5. B
6. Unethical
7. Ethical
8. Unethical
9. Ethical
10. Unethical
What I have What's More What I Know
learned 1. Article 1 1. Child and development
2. Article III counseling
1. FALSE 2. Adolescent
2. TRUE 3. Article IV
4. Article V development
3. FALSE counseling
4. TRUE 5. Article VI
3. Gerontology
5. TRUE 4. Marital counseling
6. TRUE 5. Career counseling
7. FALSE
8. FALSE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE
Answer Key
References
Books
Abadingo, Lourdes Espinoza. (2018). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied
Social Sciences for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines, C&E
Publishing, Inc.

Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., et al (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied
Social Sciences. Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

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