GRADE 12 MATHEMATICS 

Calculus
Name :
• Average Gradient
• Limits
• First Principles
• Differentiation by Rules
• Gradient at a Point
• Equation of a Tangent
• Factor and Remainder Theorem
• Factorising Third Degree Polynomials
• Curve Sketching
• Concavity – Second Derivative
• Problems based on Curve Sketching
• Optimisation, Rate of Change, Motion

1
Exercise 1 : Average Gradient
1. Consider the function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 𝑥. Determine the average gradient:
1.1 between 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑥 = 3
1.2 over the interval [ -3 ; -2 ]
1.3 between the points (−1; 𝑓(−1)) and (−3; 𝑓(−3))

2. If 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 7 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , determine the average rate of change of 𝑔

on the interval [ 1 ; 3 ]
3. Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 2
𝑓 (1+ℎ )−𝑓(1)
3.1 Determine ℎ
3.2 Interpret your answer graphically.
3.3 Hence find the average gradient of 𝑓 on the interval [ 1 ; 3 ]
4. The average rate of change of a function 𝑓 between ( 2 ; 4 ) and ( 4 ; 𝑦 )
1
is equal to 2 . Determine the value of 𝑦 .
Exercise 2 : Limits
Evaluate :
1. lim (2 − 3𝑥 )2 2. lim (𝑥 3 + 3)
𝑥→0 𝑥→3
𝑥
1 lim (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 )2
3. lim ( ) 4. 𝜃→15°
𝑥→1 𝑥 + 2
5. 𝑥2 + 2 lim (2𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦)2
lim 6. 𝑥→0
𝑥→2 𝑥 + 1
3
7. √𝑥 2 + 2√𝑥
lim 8. lim (10)2
𝑥→2
𝑥→8 2 − 8𝑥 −1
9. lim 4 10. lim 𝑝
𝑥→3 𝑥→𝑎

lim 7 12. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
11. 𝑥→0 lim
𝑥→ −1 1+𝑥
13. ℎ2 − 4 14. 2
4𝑥 − 1
lim lim
ℎ→−3 ℎ + 2 𝑥→ 2𝑥 − 1
1
2
15. 32𝑥 2
−2 16. 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2
lim lim
𝑥→4 1 − 4𝑥 𝑥→𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑥
1

17. 3𝑥 18. 3𝑥
lim 2 lim
𝑥→1 𝑥 − 2 𝑥→0 𝑥 2 − 𝑥
19. 1 1 20. 𝑥3 + 8
lim [1 + ] lim
𝑝→0 𝑝 𝑝−1 𝑥→−2 2 + 𝑥
2
Exercise 3 : First Principles
Find𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ), the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥 ), by using first principles:
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −3𝑥 2
4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 − 3 6. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
7. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 8. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 9. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −2𝑥 2
1 1 1
10. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 11. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 12. 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
Exercise 4 : Differentiation by Rules
1. Differentiate with respect to 𝑥 :
1.1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4 1.2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −2 1.3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥
1.4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −5𝑥 1.5. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 1.6. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 − 2
1.7. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 1.8. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 −1 1.9. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −2𝑥 −2
1 1 2
1.10 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 1.11. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1.12 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥 𝑥4 𝑥6
1
1.13 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 1.14. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 1.15 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3√𝑥 2

1.16 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 + 1 1.17. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 6

2. Differentiate with respect to the variable in each case :

1 1 1
2.1. 𝑎 3 − 𝑎 −3 2.2. 𝑏
− 𝑏2 + 𝑏3 2.3. (𝑎 − 2)(𝑎 + 3)
2𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 +1 2𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1
2.4. 2.5. (4𝑦 − 2)2 2.6.
𝑥 𝑥+1
3 1
2𝑥 2 −4 𝑝2 −25 𝑥2 − 𝑥2
2.7. 2.8. 2.9
2𝑥 5−𝑝
√𝑥 3
𝑥 2 −2𝑥
2.10 3𝑡 12 − 𝑡 −4 + 7 2.11. √𝑥 − 2.12 (𝑝 2 − √𝑝)2
𝑥2

3. Find :
𝑑𝑦
3.1. if 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 6 3.2. 𝑔′ (𝑠) if 𝑔(𝑠) = 𝑠 −2 + 6 + 4𝑠 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2 2 1 3 3 1 1
3.3. [ 𝑡 − 𝑡 + 4 − 3𝑡 −1 ] 3.4. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) if 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 −2
𝑑𝑡 3 2

3
Exercise 5 : Gradient at a Point
Find the gradient of curve defined by :
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 2 2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = −2

⚫
⚫

3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 5 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = −2

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = −2 6. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 2

⚫
⚫

7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 8. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 1

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 5

⚫
⚫

9. Why was the gradient = 0 at the given points in questions 6 and 8?

4
Exercise 6 : Equation of a Tangent
A. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at each given value of 𝑥 :
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 0 2. 𝑔(𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 2

4
3. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 0 4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = +1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 1
𝑥

5. 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = −2 6. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 2

⚫
⚫

7. A curve has the equation 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)2 . Find the equation of the tangent
to the curve at the point (-1;1).
8. A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 √𝑥. Find the equation of the tangent to
the curve at the point (4;8).
9. A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4 . Find the equation of the tangent to
𝑥 √
the curve at the point (1;5).
10. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 1
at the point where 𝑥 = 2.
11. A curve has the equation 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1). Find the equation of
the tangent to the curve at the point where 𝑥 = 2.
. . . pto for 12. . .
5
 3
12 A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 +3𝑥. Find the equation of the tangent
𝑥
to this curve at the point where 𝑥 = 1.
13 Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4√𝑥 at the point
where 𝑥 = 4.
14 Find the equation to the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 6𝑥+4 at the point
𝑥 √
where 𝑥 = 1.
15 A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 4. A tangent to this curve has a
gradient of 5. Find the equation of this tangent.
16 A tangent to the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5) has a gradient of 2. Find the
equation of this tangent
17 A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥. There are two tangents to this
curve, with a gradient of 6. Find the equation of each of these tangents.
18 A curve has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥. There are two tangents to
this curve, with 𝑚 = 7. Find the equation of each of these tangents.

Exercise 7 : Factor and Remainder Theorem

1. Find the remainder if 𝑓(𝑥) is divided by 𝑔(𝑥) in each of the following:
1.1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 2
1.2 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 1
2. When the function 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is divided by 𝑥 − 1 and 𝑥 + 2 the
remainders are 8 and 5 respectively. Determine the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
3. Show that :
3.1 (𝑥 − 2) is a factor of 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6
3.2 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 is divisible by (𝑥 + 1)
3.3 (𝑥 − 4) divides into 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 80 without a remainder
3.4 if 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 is divided by (𝑥 − 2) the remainder is - 9
3.5 if 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5 is divided by 𝑥 − 2 to give a remainder
of 31, then 𝑎 = 5.
Exercise 8 : Factorising Third Degree Polynomials
1. If 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) , find 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐
2. Prove that :
2.1 (𝑥 + 2) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 26𝑥 + 24 ,
and hence factorise 𝑓(𝑥) completely.
2.2 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 is divisible by 2𝑥 + 1 ,
and hence factorise 𝑔(𝑥) completely.
6
3. Solve for 𝑥:
3.1 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 2) = 0 3.2 (𝑥 − 2)2 (3𝑥 + 2) = 0
4. Factorise each of the following completely :
4.1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 22𝑥 + 40 4.2 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 6
4.3 ℎ(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 4 4.4 𝑡(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 + 19𝑥 + 30
Exercise 9 : Curve Sketching
Sketch the following curves and indicate all the necessary details on the curves
1.1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 1.2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 9𝑥
1.3 ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4 1.4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 2
1.5 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 12 1.6. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 18
1.7 ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 16 1.8. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 7
Exercise 10 : Concavity – Second Derivative
1. Calculate the second derivative for each of the following curves :
1.1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 1.2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
1.3. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 5 1.4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 3
2. Comment on the concavity of each of the following curves
2.1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4 , if 𝑥 = 1
2.2 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 5 , if 𝑥 = 2
2.3 ℎ(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 2 , if 𝑥 = −1
2.4 𝑡(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 3 , if 𝑥 = 3

Exercise 11 : Problems based on Curve Sketching

1. The diagram shows the graph of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 36𝑥
1.1 Find : 𝑦
1.1.1 the coordinates of turning
points A and B.
C A D
1.1.2 length OB
1.2 Line CA is perpendicular to the
𝑦-axis at C.
Find :
EO
1.2.1 the equation of CD B 𝑥
1.2.2 D, the point at which
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) cuts CD
1.2.3 AC and AD
1.2.4 the gradient of the curve at D.
7
2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 + 37
2.1 Use the Remainder Theorem to
find one linear factor of 𝑔(𝑥). 𝑦
A
2.2 The graph of 𝑔, with 𝑥-intercept
at T and y-intercept at S, is shown.
Find : S
2.2.1 OS and OT T
O 𝑥
2.2.2 the coordinates of the
turning points A and B.
U B
2.3 The tangent to the chord at B cuts
the curve again at U.
Find the coordinates of U.
2.4 Find the gradient of the chord at T.

3. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 3
3.1 Find ℎ′(𝑥 ) and hence determine:
3.1.2 the turning points of the graph of ℎ.
3.1.3 points on the graph of ℎ for which ℎ′(𝑥 ) = 9.
3.2 3.2.1 Find ℎ(−2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ(−3)
3.2.2 What can you conclude about at least one root of the equation ℎ ?
3.3 3.3.1 Find the equations of the tangents to the curve at its turning points.
3.3.2 Find the points at which these tangents again cut the curve.

4. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 8𝑥 3 − 24𝑥 + 9
4.1 Find 𝑔(𝑥 ) and hence determine:
4.1.1 where 𝑔′(𝑥) = 0
4.1.2 points on the graph at which the gradients will be 30
4.2 Write down what you know about the graph of 𝑔 at the points in 4.1.1.
4.3 4.3.1 Find 3
𝑔 ( ) ; 𝑔(−1) and 𝑔(−2)
2
4.3.2 What can you tell about the zero’s of 𝑔
4.4 4.4.1 Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of 𝑔 at 𝑥 = 1
4.4.2 Find the coordinates of another point where the tangent cuts the
graph.
4.5 Find 𝑔′′ (𝑥 ) and hence determine:
4.5.1 on which intervals the graph of 𝑔 is concave up and concave down.
4.5.2 any points of inflection on the graph.
. . no. 5 . . .

8
5. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 𝑦
With intercepts as shown
8
5.1 Prove that 𝑎 = −3 ; 𝑏 = 0 and 𝑐 = 4
5.2 Determine the equation of the tangent
at 𝑥 = 1
O
5.3 Does the tangent in 5.2 cut the graph of -2 -1 4 𝑥
Explain your answer.
5.4 Solve for 𝑥 if 𝑓(𝑥 ) ≤ 0

6. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑦
with turning points at (0;4) and (2;0) 4
6.1 Prove that 𝑎 = −3 ; 𝑏 = 0 and 𝑐 = 4
6.2 Determine the equation of the tangent
at 𝑥 = 1
6.3 Does the tangent in 6.2 cut the graph of
𝑓 again? Explain your answer. O
6.4 Determine the values of x for which the 2 𝑥
graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is :
i) increasing ii) decreasing iii) stationary

7. Given 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 8 with 𝑦
intercepts on the axes at A; B and C.
7.1 Prove that OC = 2AB. A
O
C 𝑥
7.2 Determine the equation of the
tangent at P if 𝑥 = −1 P⚫
7.3 Find another point where the cubic
function and the tangent at P
B
intersect.
7.4 Find any points of inflection.

8. The line is the graph of the 𝑦

derivative of function 𝑓 1
8.1 For which values of 𝑥 is 𝑓:
8.1.1. increasing? 8.1.2 decreasing?
8.2 Give the 𝑥-value of the turning point of 𝑓
and state, with reasons, whether it is a O
-1 𝑥
maximum or minimum.
9
9. The line is the graph of the derivative of
𝑦
𝑓(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑.
9.1 Determine the equation of 𝑓′(𝑥)
12
9.2 Determine the equation of 𝑓(𝑥)
9.3 Give the 𝑥-value of the turning point of 𝑓
and state, with reasons, whether it is a
O 1 2
maximum or minimum. 𝑥
9.4 For which values of 𝑥 is the graph of 𝑓(𝑥):
9.4.1. increasing?
9.4.2 decreasing?

Exercise 12 : Optimisation, Rate of Change, Motion

1. A rectangular garden is to be
enclosed by a fence. An existing
brick wall forms the fourth side.
1.1 Find the maximum area of the
rectangular garden and its 
dimensions if 100m of fencing is 
available. 
1.2 The cost of fencing is R50 per 
metre. Suppose that the
rectangular area must be 200m2.
What are the dimensions such
that the cost will be a minimum?

2. The area enclosed by the shape

alongside is 20m2
2.1 Find the expression for the total 𝑙
area in terms of 𝜋, 𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙.
2.2 Show that 𝑙 = 40− 𝜋𝑟2 𝑟
4𝑟 ⚫
2.3 Show that the perimeter P of the
figure is given by:
20 𝜋
𝑃 = 𝑟 + 2𝑟 + 2 𝑟
2.4 Calculate the width of the figure
when P is a minimum. Round
your answer off to one decimal
place.
10
3. The cylinder, closed at both ends,
is to have a volume of (2000) cm2.
What should its dimensions be if its ℎ
surface area is to be as small as 𝑟
possible?

4. A piece of rectangular sheet metal with dimensions 80mm by 50mm is used

to create a rectangular jewellery box. Square corners of 𝑥 mm are cut out
of the sheet metal and the edges are then folded up to form a box without a
lid of depth 𝑥 mm. 80mm
4.1 Show that the volume of the
jewellery box is given by the 𝑥
formula : 𝑥
3 2
𝑉 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 260𝑥 + 4000𝑥. 50
4.2 Determine the value of 𝑥 so that
the volume of the box is a
maximum.

5. The diagram alongside, 𝑦

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2 and
𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 2. C
P
Line PQ is parallel to the axis and O 𝑥
varies in length between B and C.
Show that the value of 𝑥 for which B
the length of PQ is a maximum is Q
5
given by 𝑥 = √3 .

6. A rectangle PQRS is drawn with P and 𝑦

Q on the x-axis and R and S on the
parabola 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 + 24.
If Q is the point (𝑥; 0), determine:
6.1 The coordinates of P and R in terms S R
in terms of 𝑥
6.2 PQ and QR in terms of 𝑥
O Q(𝑥;0)
6.3 the area of PQRS in terms of 𝑥 P 𝑥
6.4 The area of the largest rectangle that
can be drawn.
11
Rate of change
7. In an experiment, the number of 𝑦
germs in a test tube at any time 𝑡, in
seconds , is given by the equation
𝑔(𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 + 2. Determine :
1.1 the number of germs in a test
tube after 4 seconds.
1.2 The rate of change in the
number of germs after 4 seconds
1.3 The rate of change in the
𝑥
number of germs after 6 seconds
8. Water is leaking from a tank and the depth of the water in the tank (𝑦)
1 1
after 𝑡 minutes is given by 𝑦 = 16 − 8 𝑡 − 4 𝑡 3 .
8.1 At what rate is the depth of the water decreasing when 𝒕 = 𝟐?
8.2 For what value of t will the depth of water be decreasing at a rate
7
of 6 8 mm per minute?
Motion
9. A stone, thrown into the air reaches a height of ℎ metres after 𝑡 seconds.
The relationship between ℎ and 𝑡 is given by the formula ℎ = 36𝑡 − 16𝑡 2
9.1 Calculate the height reached by the ball after :
9.1.1 0,6 sec 9.1.2 0,9 sec
9.2 Find an expression for calculating the average speed between
𝑡 = 𝑎 and 𝑡 = 𝑎 + ℎ
9.3 Calculate the average speed between 0,5 seconds and 0,9 seconds.
10. A train moves along a level piece of track. The distance from a certain
point in metres (m) is related to the time travelled in 𝑡 seconds by the
formula: 𝑠(𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡
10.1 Find a formula for deriving its average speed.
10.2 Find the average speed between 𝑡 = 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 and 𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐

11. A bomb is dropped from an aircraft its distance (𝑠) from the earth is given
by the formula 𝑠(𝑡) = 12𝑡 2 where 𝑡 is the time in seconds.
11.1 Determine how far the bomb falls in :
11.1.1 0,1 sec 11.1.2 2 sec
11.1.3 4 sec 11.1.4 3 sec
11.2 Calculate the average speed from 0,1 sec to 4 sec.

12