MODULE 2 (ESAT)

1. When the parasitic element operates to reinforce energy coming from the driver toward itself, the parasitic element is referred to as a __________
parasitic
director
reflector
driven

2. If a parasitic element is placed so it causes maximum energy radiation in a direction away from itself and toward the driven element, that parasitic
element is called a __________
driven
reflector
parasitic
director

3. This refers to an array in which the direction of maximum radiation is perpendicular to the plane containing these elements.
end-fire array
collinear array
connected array
broadside array

4. This refers to an array in which the principal direction of radiation is along the plane of the array and perpendicular to the elements.
collinear array
connected array
broadside array
end-fire array

5. This refers to an array in which all the elements lie in a straight line with no radiation at the ends of the array.
broadside array
end-fire array
collinear array
connected array

6. This refers to the ratio of the energy radiated in the principal direction compared to the energy radiated in the opposite direction for a given antenna.
antenna efficiency
lobe ratio
antenna gain
front-to-back ratio

7. This refers to an antenna that is a wavelength or longer at the operating frequency.

Yagi antenna
rhombic antenna
long wire antenna
loop antenna

8. What is another name for the long wire antenna?

loop antenna
Yagi antenna
beverage antenna
rhombic antenna

9. Which of the following is not an advantage of a rhombic antenna?

much easier to construct and maintain than other antennas of comparable gain and directivity
noncritical as far as operation and adjustment are concerned
voltage present on the antenna are much higher
useful over a wide frequency range

10. An antenna consists of two horizontal, half-wire antennas mounted at right angles to each other.
turnstile antenna
loop antenna
Yagi antenna
folded dipole

11. A bi-directional antenna shaped like a V, which is widely used for communications.
V antenna
loop antenna
Yagi antenna
folded dipole
12. This refers to the angular distance between the half power points in antenna radiation pattern.
beamwidth
bandwidth
null width
angular spread

13. This refers to antennas widely used in cellular telephony infrastructure and are usually built adding a reflective plate to one or more phased dipoles.
folded dipole
loop antenna
sectoral antenna
Yagi antenna

14. To select a desired signal and discriminate against interfering signals from strong vhf and uhf broadcast transmissions, which of the following actions
should you take?
Increase receiver gain
Use narrowly directional arrays as receiving antennas
Use a vertically polarized receiving antenna
Make the transmitting antenna bidirectional

15. A vertically mounted transmission line is LEAST affected by which of the following antenna radiation patterns?
Spherically polarized
Elliptically polarized
Horizontally polarized
Vertically polarized

16. What is a parasitic beam antenna?

An antenna where wave traps are used to magnetically couple the elements
An antenna where some elements obtain their radio energy by induction or radiation from a driven element
An antenna where the driven element obtains its radio energy by induction or radiation from director elements
An antenna where all elements are driven by direct connection to the feed line

17. How can the bandwidth of a parasitic beam antenna be increased?

Use tapered-diameter elements
Use larger diameter elements
Use traps on the elements
Use closer element spacing

18. If a slightly shorter parasitic element is placed 0.1 wavelength away from an HF dipole antenna, what effect will this have on the antenna's radiation
pattern?
A major lobe will develop in the vertical plane, away from the ground
The radiation pattern will not be affected
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, toward the parasitic element
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, parallel to the two elements

19. If a slightly longer parasitic element is placed 0.1 wavelength away from an HF dipole antenna, what effect will this have on the antenna's radiation
pattern?
A major lobe will develop in the vertical plane, away from the ground
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, away from the parasitic element, toward the dipole
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, parallel to the two elements
The radiation pattern will not be affected
20. The property of an antenna, which defines the range of frequencies to which it will respond, is called its:
polarization
front-to-back ratio
bandwidth
impedance

21. Approximately how much gain does a half-wave dipole have over an isotropic radiator?
3.0 dB
6.0 dB
2.1 dB
1.5 dB

22. What is meant by antenna gain?

The numerical ratio of the amount of power radiated by an antenna compared to the transmitter output power
The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line losses
The numerical ratio relating the radiated signal strength of an antenna to that of another antenna
The numerical ratio of the signal in the forward direction to the signal in the back direction
23. What is meant by antenna bandwidth?
The angle between the half- power radiation points
The angle formed between two imaginary lines drawn through the ends of the elements
Antenna length divided by the number of elements
The frequency range over which the antenna may be expected to perform well

24. In free space, what is the radiation characteristic of a half-wave dipole?

Maximum radiation at 45 degrees to the plane of the antenna
Maximum radiation from the ends, minimum broadside
Omnidirectional
Minimum radiation from the ends, maximum broadside

25. The gain of an antenna, especially on VHF and above, is quoted in dBi. The "i" in this expression stands for:
ionosphere
ideal
interpolated
isotropic

26. In a frequency modulation receiver, the is located between the filter and the limiter.
mixer
radio frequency amplifier
high frequency oscillator
intermediate frequency amplifier

27. In a frequency modulation receiver, the is in between the intermediate frequency amplifier and the frequency discriminator.
filter
limiter
high frequency oscillator
radio frequency amplifier

28. In a frequency modulation receiver, the is located between the limiter and the audio frequency amplifier.
frequency discriminator
intermediate frequency amplifier
speaker and/or headphones
high frequency oscillator

29. In a frequency modulation receiver, the is located between the speaker and/or headphones and the frequency discriminator.
radio frequency amplifier
limiter
audio frequency amplifier
intermediate frequency amplifier

30. In a frequency modulation receiver, the connects to the audio frequency amplifier output.
speaker and/or headphones
limiter
frequency discriminator
intermediate frequency amplifier

31. In a CW transmitter, the output from the is connected to the driver/buffer.

master oscillator
power amplifier
power supply
telegraph key

32. In a typical CW transmitter, the is the primary source of direct current.

power supply
master oscillator
power amplifier
driver/buffer

33. In a CW transmitter, the is between the master oscillator and the power amplifier.
power supply
audio amplifier
telegraph key
driver/buffer
34. In a CW transmitter, the controls when RF energy is applied to the antenna.
master oscillator
telegraph key
driver/buffer
power amplifier

35. In a CW transmitter, the is in between the driver/buffer stage and the antenna.
master oscillator
power amplifier
power supply
telegraph key

36. In a CW transmitter, the output of the is transferred to the antenna.

master oscillator
power amplifier
power supply
driver/buffer

37. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the antenna is connected to the

high frequency oscillator
intermediate frequency amplifier
radio frequency amplifier
product detector

38. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the is connected to the mixer.
filter
radio frequency amplifier
intermediate frequency amplifier
audio frequency amplifier

39. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the is connected to the radio frequency amplifier and the high frequency oscillator.
mixer
beat frequency oscillator
product detector
filter

40. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the is connected to the mixer.
beat frequency oscillator
intermediate frequency amplifier
high frequency oscillator
product detector

41. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the is in between the mixer and intermediate frequency amplifier.
beat frequency oscillator
product detector
filter
radio frequency amplifier

42. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the is in between the filter and product detector.
radio frequency amplifier
audio frequency amplifier
intermediate frequency amplifier
beat frequency oscillator

43. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output is connected to the audio frequency amplifier.
intermediate frequency amplifier
high frequency oscillator
beat frequency oscillator
product detector

44. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the is connected to the product detector.
radio frequency amplifier
beat frequency oscillator
audio frequency amplifier
mixer
45. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the is connected to the output of the audio frequency amplifier.
mixer
radio frequency amplifier
speaker and/or headphones
beat frequency oscillator

46. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the is connected to the balanced modulator.
linear amplifier
radio frequency oscillator
variable frequency oscillator
mixer

47. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the is connected to the filter.
mixer
balanced modulator
microphone
radio frequency oscillator

48. The characteristic impedance of a waveguide:

both B and C
depends on the longer dimension of its cross section
depends on the frequency it carries
is fixed

49. Power can be coupled into or out of a waveguide:

with a magnetic field probe
all of the above
through a hole in the waveguide
with an electric field probe

50. Directional couplers for waveguides are characterized by:

their directivity
their coupling specification
their insertion loss
all of the above

51. Striplines and microstrips are used to:

couple waveguides to antennas
couple sections of waveguide
couple components on a circuit board
none of the above

52. A resonant cavity is a type of:

defect in a waveguide
antenna
tuned circuit
none of the above

53. A TEE connector used with waveguides is:

all of the above
an H-plane TEE
an E-plane TEE
a "magic" TEE

54. The modulation index of an AM is changed from 0 to 1. The transmitted power is

unchanged
increase by 50%
doubled
halved

55. One of the advantages of base modulation over collector modulation of a transistor class C amplifier
better linearity
better efficiency
high power output per transistor
 the lower the modulating power required

56. The carrier is simultaneously modulated by two sine wave with the modulation indices of 0.3 and 0.4;
the total modulation index cannot be calculated unless the phase relations are known
is 0.7
is 1
is 0.5

57. Amplitude modulation is used for broadcasting because

it is more noise immune than other modulation system
compared with other system it requires less transmitting power
no other modulation system can provide the necessary bandwidth for high fidelity
its use avoids receiver complexity

58. What is the ratio of the modulating power to the total power at 100 percent modulation?
2:3
None of the above
1:3
1:2

59. Indicate the false statement regarding the advantages of SSB over double sideband, full carrier AM.
More channel spaced available
Transmitter circuits must be more stable. Giving better reception.
The signal is more noise-resistant.
Much less power is required for the same signal strength

60. When the modulation index of an AM wave is doubled, the antenna current is also doubled, the AM system being used is
Single sideband, full carrier (H3E)
Double sideband, full carrier (A3E)
Vestigial sideband (C3F)
Single-sideband, suppressed carrier (J3E)

61. Indicate which one of the following advantages of the phase cancellation method of obtaining SSB over the filter method is false:
SSB with lower audio frequencies present can be generated
It is possible to generate SSB at any frequency
Switching from one sideband to the other is simpler
There are more balance modulators, therefore the carrier is suppressed better

62. The most common used filters in SSB generation are

low-pass
LC
mechanical
RC

63. In an SSB transmitter, one is most likely to find a

class A RF output amplifier
class C audio amplifier
class B RF amplifier
tuned modulator

64. Indicate in which of the following only one sideband is transmitted:

B8E
H3E
C3F
A3E

65. One of the following cannot be used to remove unwanted sideband in SSB. This is the
Filter system
Phase shift method
Third method
Balance modulator

66. R3E modulation is sometimes used to

simplify the frequency stability problem reception
allow the receiver to have frequency synthesizer
 reduce the power that must be transmitted
reduce the bandwidth required for transmission

67. To provide two or more voice circuits with the same carrier, it is necessary to use
SSB with pilot carrier
Lincompex
ISB
Carrier reinsertion

68. Vestigial sideband modulation (C3F) is normally used for

Stereo broadcasting
Monoaural broadcasting
TV broadcasting
HF point to point communications

69. What type of modulation system changes the amplitude of an RF wave for the purpose of conveying information?
Amplitude modulation
Frequency modulation
Amplitude-rectification modulation
Phase modulation

70. What does chirp mean?

A high-pitched tone which is received along with a CW signal
A small change in a transmitter's frequency each time it is keyed
An overload in a receiver's audio circuit whenever CW is received
A slow change in transmitter frequency as the circuit warms up

71. In what emission type does the instantaneous amplitude (envelope) of the RF signal vary in accordance with the modulating audio?
Frequency modulation
Pulse modulation
Amplitude modulation
Frequency shift keying

72. An RF oscillator should be electrically and mechanically stable. This is to ensure that the oscillator does not:
cause undue distortion
generate key-clicks
drift in frequency
become over modulated

73. The overall output of an AM/CW/SSB receiver can be adjusted by means of manual controls on the receiver or by use of a circuit ?
automatic gain control
inverse gain control
automatic frequency control
automatic load control

74. Which type of voice modulation is most often used for long-distance or weak signal contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?
SSB
PM
FM
AM

75. Which type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters?
PSK
SSB
AM
FM
76. Which of the following types of emission has the narrowest bandwidth?
Slow-scan TV
FM voice
SSB voice
CW

77. What is the primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions?
All of these choices are correct
SSB signals are less susceptible to interference
 SSB signals are easier to tune
SSB signals have narrower bandwidth

78. A smaller version of the SubMiniature version A, with snap-on coupling. It provides broadband capability through 4 GHz with a snap-on connector
design.
SMA connector
TNC connector
SMB connector
BNC connector

79. Even though the coaxial construction is good at containing the signal on the core wire, there is some resistance to the electrical flow: as the signal
travels down the core, it will fade away. This fading is known as ______
selective fading
attenuation
skin effect
core loss

80. This refers to a transmission line that contains two concentric conductors insulated from each other by spacers.
twin-lead line
open-wire line
flexible coaxial line
rigid coaxial line

81. This refers to a transmission line consist of a flexible inner conductor and a concentric outer conductor of metal braid.
open-wire line
flexible coaxial line
twin-lead line
rigid coaxial line

82. This refers to hollow metal tubes used to transfer energy from one point to another.
antennas
transmission lines
conductors
waveguides

83. If a transmission line is terminated by a capacitance and the capacitive reactance is greater than Zo, then
the voltage minimum is exactly λ/8 from the end
the voltage minimum moves toward from the end
the voltage minimum moves away from the end
the voltage minimum is exactly λ/4 from the end

84. If a transmission line is terminated by a capacitance and the capacitive reactance is smaller than Zo, then
the voltage minimum moves toward from the end
the voltage minimum moves away from the end
the voltage minimum is exactly λ/4 from the end
the voltage minimum is exactly λ/8 from the end

85. If a transmission line is terminated by a capacitance and the capacitive reactance is equal to Zo, then
the voltage minimum is exactly λ/4 from the end
the voltage minimum is exactly λ/8 from the end
the voltage minimum moves toward from the end
the voltage minimum moves away from the end

86. If a transmission line is terminated by an inductance and the inductive reactance is equal to Zo, then
the current minimum is exactly λ/8 from the end
the current minimum is exactly λ/4 from the end
the current minimum moves away from the end
the current minimum moves toward from the end

87. If a transmission line is terminated by an inductance and the inductive reactance is smaller than Zo, then
the current minimum is exactly λ/4 from the end
the current minimum is exactly λ/8 from the end
the current minimum moves away from the end
the current minimum moves toward from the end

88. If a transmission line is terminated by an inductance and the inductive reactance is greater than Zo, then
the current minimum moves toward from the end
the current minimum is exactly λ/8 from the end
 the current minimum moves away from the end
the current minimum is exactly λ/4 from the end

89. On a shorted resonant line, at all odd λ/4 points,

voltage is minimum and current is maximum
voltage is maximum and current is minimum
voltage and current are both minimum
voltage and current are both maximum

90. On a shorted resonant line, at all even λ/4 points,

voltage is maximum and current is minimum
voltage is minimum and current is maximum
voltage and current are both minimum
voltage and current are both maximum

91. Losses caused by skin effect and the I2R (power) loss are classified as what type of loss?
induction loss
dielectric loss
radiation loss
copper loss

92. What types of losses cause the dielectric material between the conductors to be heated?
radiation loss
copper loss
dielectric loss
induction loss

93. All the power sent down a transmission line from a transmitter can be transferred to an antenna under what optimum conditions?
All of these are correct.
When the transmission line is finite in length.
When the load impedance is not shorted nor open.
When the characteristic impedance of the transmission line and the load impedance are equal.

94. What does VSWR measure?

The characteristic impedance.
The frequency of the signal on the line.
The existence of voltage variations on a line.
The amount of reflected voltage on the line.

95. What does VSWR measure?

The frequency of the signal on the line.
The existence of voltage variations on a line.
The characteristic impedance.
The amount of reflected voltage on the line.

96. What connects your transceiver to your antenna?

A ground wire
The power cord
A feed line
A dummy load

97. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is determined by the:

length of the line
frequency at which the line is operated
load placed on the line
physical dimensions and relative positions of the conductors

98. The characteristic impedance of a 20-meter piece of transmission line is 52 ohms. If 10 meters were cut off, the impedance would be:
39 ohms
13 ohms
52 ohms
26 ohms

99. The impedance of a coaxial line:

changes with the frequency of the energy it carries
can be the same for different diameter line
is correct for only one size of line
is greater for larger diameter line
100. What commonly available antenna feed line can be buried directly in the ground for some distance without adverse effects?
coaxial cable
75-ohm twin-lead
600-ohm open-wire
300-ohm twin-lead