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Ulaby Problems

Ulaby electro magnetic

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177 views8 pages

Ulaby Problems

Ulaby electro magnetic

Uploaded by

vyas rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
316 surface resistance Ry dec and a-c resistances Poynting vector § average power density Say PROBLEMS Seution 7-2: Propagation in Lossless Media 7.1 The magnetic feld of a wave propagating through ‘certain nonmagnetic material is given by H = £30c0s(10"r 0.5) (mA/m) Find the following: ‘The direction of wave propagation >» The phase velocity The wavelength inthe material. ‘The relative permittivity ofthe material. The electric field phasor. Write general expressions for the electric and magnetic fields of a I-GHz sinusoidal plane wave traveling in the +y-direction in a lossless nonmagnetic ‘medium with relative permittivity ¢, = 9. The electric field is polarized along the x-direction, its peak value is and its intensity is 4 V/m at 1 = Oand y Cites eee eye on mine the wave is 1.5 % 10% mvs and the relative permeability “> ‘ofthe medium is jy = 2.4, find the following: The wavelength The frequency f of the wave {6) the relative permitivity ofthe medium, ‘The magnetic Reld H(z.) "Answers avilable in Append Solution avalible in CD-ROM, ( CHAPTER 7 _PLANE-WAVE PROPAGATION The electric field ofa plane wave propagating ins nonmagnetic material is given by (9 3sin(w x 107s — 0.28) + E4c0s(x x 1071 ~0.2r3)] Determine (vim) (a) The wavelength, th ep. oH. 7.8 Awaveradiated by a source in air is incident upon soil surface, whereupon a par of the wave is transmitted into the soil mediun, If the wavelength of the wave is {60 cm in air and 20 cm in the soil medium, what is the soils relative permittivity? Assume the sol 10 be a very low-loss medium, 7.6 The electric field ofa plane wave propagat lossless, nonmagnetic. dielectric material with e, is given by E = §20cos(6x x 10% — £2) 256 (vm) Determine: (20) Fett a ky and 1) The magnetic field H. Section 7-3: Wave Pola 7.7 An RHC-polarized wave with a modulus of 2 (Vimm is traveling in fee space in the negative =dinection Write the expression for the wave's electric eld vector ven thatthe wavelength is 6 em. 7.8 Fora wave characterized by the electric field Ee. ia, Costu ~- kz) + Fa, cos(ust — ks +5) identify the potarization state, determine the polarization angles (y, x). and sketch the locus of EO, 1) for each 0 the following cases: 317 PROBLEMS _ 4, = 3 Vim. ay = 4 Vim, and 8 =0 4, = 3 Viena = 4 Vim, and 5 = 180° 4, =3 Vim. a, = 3 Vim, and 6 = 45° = 3 Vimoay = 4 Vim, and 8 = ~135° The electric field of a uniform plane wave ‘Propagating in free space is given by Bat jp30e7* (Wim Specify the modulus and direction of the electric field intensity atthe z = © plane at r = 0, 5. and 10 ns, A linearly polarized plane wave of the form E = Sa.e7 can be expressed as the sum of an RHC Polarized wave with magnitude cp, and an LHC polarized wave with magnitude a. Prove sis statement by finding. expressions for ag and a, in terms of a, H1 ‘The electric eld ofanelliptically polarized plane ‘wave is given by Een 5 10 sin(wr ~ kz — 60°) 2) (Vim) + § 30 costor ~ Determine the following: ‘The polacization angles (y. x) ‘The direction of roxation, Compare the polarization states of each of the following pairs of plane waves Wave 1: Wave 2: B: Wave 1: B, Wave 2: Ey -cos(wot — kz) + §2sin(eo ~ ke. 2coslort + kz) + F2sin(or + ke). S2cos(err ~ kz) ~ f2sin(ot — kz). 2 cos(oxt + kz) — F2sin(et + kz). Plot the locus of E(. 1) for a plane wave wi EQ.) = Xsin(or + ks) + 9 2eos(or + ki Determine the polarization state from your plot Sections 7-4: Propagation in a Lacey Melam 7.14 For each of the following combinations of parameters, determine if the material is a low-loss dicletrc, a quasi-conductor, of a good conductor, and then ealeuate a, 8A, up, and ne (a) Glass with pp = 1, €¢ = 5, and @ = 10°"? Sim at 10GHz. "oy Animal tissue with yy = 1, ¢; = 12,and a = 0.3 ‘Sim at 100 MHz. fe) Wood with ig = 1, e¢ = 3, and.o = 10~ Sim at Viki. Day soil is characterized by ¢, = 2.5, ye, = [Link] 10-* (Sm). At each ofthe following frequencies, determine if dry soil may be considered a good conductor, 4 quisi-conductor, or a low-loss dicletic, and then caleulate 9, J, and ne: 0) 60 He yy Like te) MHz (a) GH, 7.16 Ina medium characterized by & = 9, itr ‘and o = 0.1 S/m, determine the phase angle by which ‘the magnetic field leads the electric field at 100 MH, 7.17 Generate a plot for the skin depth 5, versus frequency for seawater for the range from I kHz to 10GHz (use log-og scales). The constitutive parameters Of seawater are 1, = 1, e; = 80, and o = 4 Sim. 18 Tgnoring reflection atthe air-soil boundary, ifthe amplitude of a 3-GHe incident wave is 10 Vim at the surface of a wet soil medium, at what depth wil it be down to 1 mV/m? Wet soil is characterized by jt, 6 = 9, anda = 5 x 10-* Sim, PROBLEMS ‘A wave waveling in a lossless, nonmagnetic medium has an electric field amplitude of 24.56 Vim and an average power density of 2.4 Wim?, Determine the phase velocity of the wave. 2.80 AL microwave frequencies, the power density considered safe for human exposure is 1 (mWicm?). A radar radiates a wave with an electric field amplitude E that decays with distance as E(R) = (3, 000/R) (Vim), where R is the distance in meters. What is the radius of the unsafe region? Consider the imaginary rectangular box shown in Fig. 7-19. 1 Determine the net power flux P(r) entering the box ddue to plane wave in air given by E=iEpcostor — ky) (Vim) Determine the net time-average power entering the box. and 732 Imaginary rectangular box of Problems 731 319 Repeat Problem 7.31 fora wave raveling inalossy ‘medium in which 1002" cos(2 x 10°t = 40y) (Vin) H= ~20.64e"% cos(2x x 10% ~ 40y — 36.85") (Aim ‘The box has dimensions A = I em, 6 = ¢=05em, oe B= SE cos(wr ~ kz) em, and calculate: (1) The time-average electric energy density gee bfee dn» The time-average magnetic energy density ee (woe = 7 fed 1 (adn = Ff, 1) Show that (we)oy = (im) 7.M4-7.86 Additional Solved Problems — complete solutions on 368 CHAPTER 8_WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION, AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS, (ee arma hy nan yin ess seme ee Se eee Se ae Seo ered 6 = TS A HT ppp tes felpemerieh Se erereeteerti ee es ee ee omer Seutions 8-2 and 63: Snel’ Laws and Fiber Opties 1A light ray is ineident on a prism in air at an angle @ as shown in Fig. 8-30. The ray is refracted atthe first surface and again atthe second surface. In terms of the apex angle ¢ ofthe prismand ts index of refraction n, determine the smallest value of @ for which the ray will emerge from the other side, Find this minimum 8 for na ldand ¢ = 6 15 For some types of glass, the index of refraction ‘aries with wavelength, A prism made of a material with 4 n=1N~ 2d, L7= 554 Goin um where Ao is the wavelength in vacuum, was used to disperse white light as shown in Fig. 8-31. The white light is incident at an angle of 50", the wavelength 2g of red light is 0.7 zm, and that of violet light is 0.4 jam. Determine the angular dispersion in degrees. Figure 8:34, Piso of Problem 8.18 8.19" The two prisms in Fig. 8-32 are made of glas. ‘with n = 1.5, What fraction ofthe power density cari by the ray incident upon the top prism emerges from the bottom prism? Neglect multiple internal reflections. fl cows wor acre orev 0 serra oe «narrower range extending between normal incidence and 6’, where 6° < 0, | Obtain an expression forthe maximum data rate fy in terms of 6 Evaluate fy for the fiber of Example 8-5 when o aS Sections 84 and 2-5: plane wave in air with B = 529,104 lection and Transmission (im) isincident upon the planar surface of a dielectric material, With ¢- = 4, occupying the half-space z > 0. Determine ‘The polarization of the incident wave, ‘The angle of incidence. The time-domain expressions for the reflected clectric and magnetic fields. ‘The time-domain expressions for the transmied electric and magnetic fields. ‘The average power de the dielectric medium, ty cartied by the wave in Repeat Problem 8.26 for a wave in air with ii (Aim) incident upon the planar boundary of a dielectric medium (© 2 0) with ¢, =9, Natural light is randomly polarized, which means that, on average, half the light energy is polarized along any given direction (in the plane orthogonal to the direction of propagation) and the other half ofthe energy is polarized along the direction orthogonal to the first Polarization direction. Hence, when treating natural light incident upon a planar boundary, we can consider half of its energy to be in the form of parallel-polarized waves and the other half as perpendicularly polarized waves. 2 10-%e-H60) Determine the fraction of the incident power reflected by the planar surface ofa piece of glass with n = 1.5 when ‘Mlominated by natural light at 70°, 5.29 A parallel-polarized plane wave is incident from air onto a dielectric medium with 6, = 9 atthe Brewster angle, What isthe refraction angle? 8.30 A. perpendicularly polarized wave in air is ‘obliquely incident upon a planar glass-air interface at an incidence angle of 30°. The wave frequency is 600 THz (1THz = 10!? Hz), which corresponds to green ight, and ‘the index of refraction ofthe glass is 1.6. Ifthe electric field amplitude ofthe incident wave is $0 Vim, determine the following: ‘8) The reflection and transmission coefficients. (0) The instantaneous expressions for E and H in the glass medium, S.A Show that the reflect writen inthe following form: sin(@ — 6) Sint +4) coefficient can be 5 8.52 Show that for nonmagnetic media, the reflection coefficient can be written in the following form: tani — 8) tani +8) S.\0Apparallel-polarized beam of light with en electric. field amplitude of 10 (Vim) is incident in air oo polystyrene with yy = 1 and 6, = 2.6. If the incidence ‘angle at the air-polystyrene planar boundary is 50°, determine the following: (ay) The reflectivity and transmissivity. "hy The power carried by the incident, reflected, and transmitted beams if the spot on the boundary illuminated by the incident beam is 1 min area 7 RE RRS 9.1 THE SHORT DIPOLE Spherical coordinate system | olol wah (Se) “tho (SF) ie (96a) (9.66) With the spherical coordinate components of A known, the next step is straightforward; we simply apply the free- space relationships given by Eqs. (6.85) and (6.86), (97a) (9.76) — ho eose 19.80) Tele 080 eae eee i LR * ea eR where my = Jioféo = 120m (2) is the intrinsic impedance of free space. The remaining components (Hp, a. and E,) are everywhere 210, Figure 9 the electric field lines of the wave radiated by the short dipote. 9-11 FarField Approximation ‘As wasstated earlier in most antenna applications, we are primarily interested in the radiation patter of the antenna at great distances from the source. For the electrical > i fr, equivalently, kR = 2x R/A >> |. This condition allows us to neglect the terms varying as 1/(R)? and 1/UkR)° in Eqs. (9.8a) to (9.8e) in favor of the terms varying as 1/4, which yields the far-field expressions Ltotkng ( a) : is sind (im). (9.99) é ¥ ¢ ) (alan, (99) and Ey is neatigbie. At the obseration point Q [Fig 9-4], the wave now apearstobe similar uniform plane wave with its electric and magnetic eds in time phase, related by the nrinsic impedance ofthe medium PROBLEMS: = ‘With an amplitude of 12 A. What is the average power density radiated by the dipole ata distance of 5 km in 8

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