0% found this document useful (0 votes)
85 views11 pages

Tenses in English: Past Forms Explained

The document discusses different types of past tenses in Indonesian: 1. Simple Past Tense is used to describe events or conditions that occurred in the past at a specific time. It has positive, negative, and interrogative forms. 2. Past Continuous Tense is used to show an activity that was happening at a specific time in the past. It describes two simultaneous past activities or an activity happening at a specific past time. 3. Past Perfect Tense describes an event that was completed at a point in the past before another past event occurred. It is used to show a first of two sequential past activities or an activity completed by a certain past time.

Uploaded by

adindadwisahara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
85 views11 pages

Tenses in English: Past Forms Explained

The document discusses different types of past tenses in Indonesian: 1. Simple Past Tense is used to describe events or conditions that occurred in the past at a specific time. It has positive, negative, and interrogative forms. 2. Past Continuous Tense is used to show an activity that was happening at a specific time in the past. It describes two simultaneous past activities or an activity happening at a specific past time. 3. Past Perfect Tense describes an event that was completed at a point in the past before another past event occurred. It is used to show a first of two sequential past activities or an activity completed by a certain past time.

Uploaded by

adindadwisahara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Simple Past Tense


Pengertian :

Suatu bentuk tenses yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu kejadian atau
kondisi yang terjadi di masa lampau (dalam waktu yang spesifik).

Fungsi :

Fungsi dari tenses ini adalah untuk menunjukkan aktivitas;


 Yang terjadi pada masa lampau tertentu
 Kebiasaan yang terjadi pada masa lalu

Bentuk :Ada 3 bentuk kalimat, yakni positif, negatif, dan kalimat tanya dalam the simple
past tense. Berikut penjelasan lengkapnya:

a. Kalimat Positif The Simple Past Tense

Rumus:

 Verbal : S + Verb II + O/C


 Nominal : S + to be (was/were) + Non-Verb

Contoh:
 I bought a television last night.
 She was late yesterday

b. Kalimat negatif the simple past tense

Rumus:
 Verbal : S + did not (didn’t) + Verb I + O/C
 Nominal : S + was not / were not (wasn’t / weren’t) + Non-Verb

Contoh:
 I did not buy a television last night.
 She was not (Wasn’t) late yesterday

c. Kalimat tanya the simple past tense

Rumus:
 Verbal: did + S + verb I + O/C
 Nominal: was/were + S + O/C+?

Contoh:
 Did you buy a television last night?
 Was she late yesterday?

e. Adverb of time The Simple Past Tense


Berikut ini adalah adverb of time atau time signal dari the simple past tense:
1. Two days ago atau … days ago
2. Yesterday
3. One week ago atau … weeks ago
4. Last week
5. Last month
6. Last Sunday
7. This morning
8. Last night atau last ….
9. In (year)

Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense

VERBAL

Contoh 1
 (+) He sent a gift last week
 (-) He did not send a gift last week
 (?) did he send a gift last week?

Contoh 2
 (+) The tourists finally reached their destination
 (-) The tourists did not reach their destination
 (?) did the tourist reach their destination?

Contoh 3
 (+) The match ended yesterday
 (-) the match did not end yesterday
 (?) did the match end yesterday?

Contoh 4
 (+) Ihsan came to my house yesterday
 (-) Ihsan did not come to my house yesterday
 (?) did Ihsan come to my house yesterday?

NOMINAL

Contoh 1
 (+) I was a singer in 2000
 (-) I was not (wasn’t) a singer in 2000
 (?) Was I a singer in 2000

Contoh 2
 (+) You were a naughty boy
 (-) You were not (weren’t) a naughty boy
 (?) Were you a naughty boy?

Contoh 3
 (+) We were happy this morning
 (-) We were not (weren’t) happy this morning
 (?) Were we happy this morning?

Contoh 4
 (+) He was sick last week
 (-) He was not (wasn’t) sick last week
 (?) Was he sick last week?
2. Past Continuous Tense
Pengertian :

Sebuah tenses yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang sedang
terjadi di masa lampau selama waktu tertentu.
Misalnya:
Pada jam 9 malam saat orang tuanya datang, si A sedang tertidur. Artinya, si A sudah
tidur sebelum orang tuanya datang. Tidurnya dimulai sebelum jam 9 malam. Dan
kemungkinan selanjutnya (setelah jam 9 malam) akan tetap tidur.
Namun, yang perlu digarisbawahi adalah bahwa seluruh rangkaian kejadian tersebut di
atas terjadi di masa lampau. Dan tidak terjadi lagi sekarang.

Fungsi :
Fungsi past continuous tense adalah;
 Menunjukkan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu pada waktu lampau
 Menggambarkan dua aktivitas yang terjadi pada waktu yang sama di masa lampau
 Menunjukkan aktivitas yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu ketika aktivitas lain telah terjadi

Bentuk :
Berikut adalah rumus kalimat Past Continuous Tense;

a. Kalimat positif Past Continuous Tense

Rumus
 S + was/were + verb ing + O/C

Contoh:
 I was watching television last night at 10 o’clock

b. Kalimat negatif Past Continuous Tense

Rumus
 S + was not / were not ( wasn’t /weren’t) + verb ing + O/C

Contoh:
 I was not watching television last night at 10 o’clock

c. Kalimat tanya Past Continuous Tense

Rumus
 Was/were + S + verb + ing + O/C + ?

Contoh:
 (?) was you watching television last night at 10 o’clock?

Keterangan:
Penggunaan was dikhususkan untuk subyek I, he, she, dan it serta nama benda dan nama
orang (tunggal). Sedangkan penggunaan were dikhususkan untuk subyek you, we, dan they.

d. Contoh kalimat Past Continuous Tense


Contoh 1
 (+) I was watching television last night at 10 o’clock
o Artinya —> aku sedang menonton TV semalam jam 10 tepat
o Keterangan —> Last night at 10 o’clock merupakan penanda atau time signal
untuk past continuous tense.
o Sebab kejadiannya di jam tertentu di masa lampau.
 (-) I was not watching television last night at 10 o’clock
 (?) was you watching television last night at 10 o’clock?

Contoh 2
 (+) The pupils were talking noisily when the teacher walked in
 (-) The pupils were not talking noisily when the teacher walked in
 (?) Were the pupils talking noisily when the teacher walked in?

Contoh 3
 (+) Nuzul was daydreaming when the lecturer called him
 (-) Nuzul was not daydreaming when the lecturer called him
 (?) Was Nuzul daydreaming when the lecturer called him?

Contoh 4
 (+) I was taking a bath when my friend knocked the door
 (-) I was not taking a bath when my friend knocked the door
 (?) was you taking a bath when my friend knocked the door?

e. Adverb of time past continuous tense

Sudah dijelaskan di awal bahwa perbedaan simple past dengan past continuous tense
salah satunya adalah di penggunaan AOT (Adverb of time/Kata Keterangan waktu).
Yang mana past continuous tense lebih detail dan tertentu waktunya.
Misalnya ada penambahan jam.
Sementara untuk waktu umumnya sama. Silakan dilihat di contoh 5 di atas, AOT yang
di gunakan adalah last night at 8 o’clock.
Sebagaimana kita tahu, last night merupakan adverb of time dari simple past.
Sementara 8 o’clock membuat waktu kejadian menjadi lebih detail dan jelas.
Waktu inilah yang menunjukkan bahwa tenses yang digunakan adalah past continuous.
Agar lebih jelas berikut adalah beberapa AOT past continuous tense;
1. All day yesterday (sepanjang hari kemarin)
2. While (selagi)
3. The whole day last week (sepanjang hari minggu lalu)
4. As (sewaktu)
5. The whole … yesterday (kemarin lusa…)
6. When

Berikut adalah beberapa cara membentuk kalimat menggunakan AOT past


continuous tense:

1. When + PC + SP
2. When + SP + PC
3. PC + When/as/while + SP
4. While/as + PC + SP

Keterangan:

 PC adalah Past Continuous


 SP adalah Simple Past
3. Past Perfect Tense
Pengertian :

Adalah sebuah bentuk tenses yang dipakai untuk menyatakan sebuah kejadian yang
sudah selesai di satu titik di masa lampau sebelum terjadi kejadian lainnya.
Kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau itu bisa sekali atau lebih.
Tenses ini juga digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat conditional tipe 3. Mengenai
conditional sentence akan dibahas secara terpisah.

Fungsi :
Adalah untuk menunjukkan aktivitas berikut ini;
 Menunjukkan aktivitas yang telah diselesaikan dalam waktu tertentu pada waktu lampau
 Menunjukkan aktivitas pertama dari dua aktivitas yang telah terjadi pada masa lampau

Bentuk :
Rumus Past Perfect Tense

a. Kalimat positif past perfect tense

Rumus
 Verbal : S + had + verb 3 + O/C
 Nominal : S + had + been + Non-Verb

Contoh:
 By the time I was six, I had learnt how to ride bicycles
 We had been in the canteen when the teacher entered the class.

b. Kalimat negatif past perfect tense

Rumus
 Verbal : S + had + not + verb 3 + O/C
 Nominal : S + had not/hadn't + been + Non-Verb

Contoh:
 By the time I was six, I had not learnt how to ride bicycles

 We had not (hadn’t) been in the canteen when the teacher entered the class.

c. Kalimat tanya past perfect tense

Rumus
 Verbal : Had + S + verb 3 + O/C
 Nominal : Had + S + been + Non-Verb + ?

Contoh:
 Had you finished your meal before our guest came in?

 Had we been in the canteen when the teacher entered the class?
d. Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

VERBAL

Contoh 1
 (+) By the time I was six, I had learnt how to ride bicycles
 (-) By the time I was six, I had not learnt how to ride bicycles
 (?) By the time I was six, Had I learnt how to ride bicycles?

Contoh 2
 (+) She felt so sorry because she had done something wrong
 ( -) She felt so sorry because she had not done something wrong.
 (?) Had She felt so sorry because she done something wrong?

Contoh 3
 (+) by the time we arrived at the bus station, the bus had left
 (-) by the tine we arrived at the bus station, the bus had not left.
 (?) had the bus left by the time we arrived at the bus station?

o Keterangan: we arrived merupakan simple past tense yang digabungkan dengan


past perfect tense yang berbentuk the bus had left.
o Dalam hal ini, left merupakan bentuk ketiga dari kata leave.

NOMINAL

Contoh 1
 (+) Before you were here, she had been sad because of you.
 (-) Before you were here, she had not been sad because of you
 (?) Had she been sad because of you before you were here?

Contoh 2
 (+) When the patient came, the doctor had been in the room.
 (-) When the patient came, the doctor had not been in the room.
 (?) Had the doctor been in the room when the patient came?

Contoh 3
 (+) When I went to buy food, She had been in my home
 (-) When I went to buy food, She had not been in my home
 (?) Had she been in my home when I went to buy food?

f. adverb of time atau time signal past perfect tense

Berikut adalah beberapa time signal yang digunakan dalam past perfect tense:
1. by the time
2. before
3. after
4. when
5. twice before…, three times before …, dst
6. .. until … (contoh: every day until 2015)

Selanjutnya untuk pemakaian AOT dalam kalimat adalah sebagai berikut;


1. SP + after + PP
2. PP + before/when/by the time+ SP
3. When + SP + PP
4. By the time + SP + PP
5. Three times + before + SP + PP

Keterangan:
 SP adalah Simple past
 PP adalah past perfect
5. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Pengertian :

Adalah sebuah tenses yang dipakai untuk menyatakan atau mengungkapkan kejadian
yang telah dimulai / terjadi di masa lampau, sedang berlangsung, dan tidak terjadi lagi
di masa sekarang.
Ciri dari past perfect continuous tense ini adalah terbentuk dari had been sebagai
auxiliary verb dan present participle (verb + ing).

Fungsi :

Untuk menunjukkan aktivitas yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau ketika kegiatan
yang lain dilakukan.
 Untuk mengekspresikan kejadian yang panjang di masa lampau sebelum kejadian lainnya
ada.
 Menunjukkan berapa lama sesuatu terjadi (sebuah durasi tertentu) di masa lampau.

Bentuk :
Berikut adalah rumus past perfect continuous tense:

a. Kalimat positif past perfect continuous tense

Rumus
 S + had been + Verb-ing + O/C

Contoh:
 I had been watching the movie for two hours when he started to cook.

b. Kalimat negatif past perfect constinuous tense

Rumus
 S + had not been + verb –ing + O/C

Contoh:
 I had not been watching the movie for two hours when he started to cook.

c. Kalimat Tanya past perfect continuous tense

Rumus
 Had + S + been + verb-ing + O/C

Contoh:
 Had you been watching the movie for two hours when he started to cook?

d. Contoh past perfect continuous tense

Contoh 1
 (+) I had been watching the movie for two hours when he started to cook
o Artinya—> Saya telah sedang menonton film selama 2 jam ketika dia mulai
memasak
 (-) I had not been watching the movie for two hours when he started to cook
o Artinya—> Saya tidak telah sedang menonton fil selama 2 jam ketika dia mulai
memasak
 (?) had you been watching the movie for two hours when he started to cook?
Contoh 2
 (+) The parents had been chatting for one hour when the children returned from the
course
 (-) The parents had not been chatting for one hour when the children returned from the
course
 (?) Had the parents been chatting for one hour when the children returned from the
course?

e. Adverb of time past perfect continuous tense

Kata kunci yang perlu diingat dalam tenses ini adalah durasi. Berikut adalah beberapa
time signal yang biasa digunakan;

1. For … (selama) – contoh: for an hour, for two hours (waktunya detail, tertentu)
2. All day
3. The whole…
4. Since
5. When …
6. Before …

Pemakaian AOT (Adverb of time/Kata keterangan waktu) dalam kalimat bisa dilihat
dalam bentuk berikut ini;

1. PPC + when + SP
2. PPC + for …. + SP, dll.
5. Be Past
Pengertian :

Adalah sebuah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan satu keadaan atau
kejadian di masa lampau. Artinya, dalam penggunaannya past dipakai untuk
menceritakan kejadian yang terjadi di waktu lampau. Namun bukan untuk kalimat yang
menggunakan kata kerja.
Jadi, pakai to be.
Ada dua macam be (past) yaitu was dan were. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang
penggunaan was dan were ini, kami akan paparkan materinya secara sederhana dalam
artikel ini.

a. Membuat kalimat menggunakan be-past

Seperti yang sudah saya jelaskan di atas bahwa be (past) terdiri dari dua macam, yaitu
was dan were. Adapun masing-masing penggunaannya adalah sebagai berikut:

Bentuk :
Kalimat positif:
 I was ….
 You were ….
 We were ….
 They were ….
 He was ….
 She was ….
 It was ….
Kalimat negatif:
 I was not ….
 You were not ….
 We were not ….
 They were not ….
 He was not ….
 She was not ….
 It was not ….
Kalimat interrogative
 Was I ….?
 Were you ….?
 Were we ….?
 Were they ….?
 Was he ….?
 Was she ….?
 Was it ….?
Keterangan:
 Was juga digunakan untuk nama benda, nama hewan, nama orang yang tunggal.
Contoh: Mr. Suyono was …
 Were juga digunakan untuk benda jamak. Contoh: The animals were …

b. Rumus umum be past

Penggunaan Kalimat dalam Noun, Adjective, dan Adverb.


Berikut adalah pola dalam cara menggunakan Be (Past) untuk Noun, Adjective, dan
Adverb.
Untuk kata benda / Noun

Rumus

 S + was/were + noun + AOT

Contoh:
 Mursidin was a student two months ago.
 Mursidin was not a student two months ago.
 Was Mursidin a student two months ago?
o Yes, he was.
o No, he was not

Untuk kata sifat / Adjective

Rumus
 S + was/were + adj + AOT

Contoh:
 Mursidin was very happy last night.
 Mursidin was not very happy last night.
 Was Mursidin very happy last night?
o Yes, he was.
o No, he was not.

Untuk kata keterangan / adverb

Rumus
 S + was/were + adv + AOT

Contoh:
 Rahayu was here yesterday.
 Rahayu was not here yesterday.
 Was Rahayu here yesterday?
o Yes, she was.
o No, she was not.

Keterangan: jika bentuk kalimat pertanyaannya menggunakan subject You, maka


jawabannya pakai I. Begitu juga sebaliknya, saat subject dalam kalimat tanya itu I,
maka jawabannya pakai You.

c. Penulisan yang disingkat dalam Be (Past)

Be (past) dalam penulisannya juga sering disingkat, bentuk tulisannya adalah sebagai
berikut:
 You were —> you’re
 We were —> we’re
 They were —> they’re
 Was not —> wasn’t
 Were not —> weren’t

Namun untuk be (Past) Was, tidak bisa disingkat saat digabung dengan subyeknya.
Seperti she was, it was, dan he was.
Semakin paham tentang cara menggunakan Be (Past), bukan?
d. Adverb of Time atau Kata Keterangan Waktu dalam Be (Past)

Adapun kata keterangan waktu yang digunakan pada BE (PAST) adalah:


 Yesterday —> kemarin
 Last week —> minggu yang lalu
 Last year —> tahun yang lalu
 Last … —> … yang lalu
 Two weeks ago —> dua minggu yang lalu
 Four years ago —> empat tahun yang lalu
 This morning —> tadi pagi

You might also like