Report: iot_paper[1][1][1][1]

iot_paper[1][1][1][1]
by Meghraj Ranaware

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iot_paper[1][1][1][1]

IoT-Based Automatic Water Tank Filling and Quality Monitoring System

This research presents an innovative solution leveraging the Internet of Things

(IoT) to enhance water management both in commercial and residential
settings. The core of this system relies on a network of sensors that
continuously monitor water levels and water quality. Additionally, it offers
remote control functionalities.
When the system detects a drop in water levels, it automatically activates the
water motor to refill the source, effectively preventing any potential overflows.
Moreover, users receive timely alerts if any issues arise regarding water quality.
To provide real-time updates and data, an LCD is integrated into the system.
Overall, this IoT-based water management system plays a vital role in
promoting sustainability and addressing water scarcity concerns.
Keywords: IoT, Water Management, Quality Monitoring, Remote Control, Alerts,
Sustainability.

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INTRODUCTION

The increasing global demand for efficient water management systems has
become critically important due to the challenges faced by water resources,
including population growth and environmental factors. To address these
pressing issues, there is a growing emphasis on effective water conservation
and utilization. In this context, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT)
technology has opened up new avenues for innovative solutions aimed at
optimizing water usage in both residential and industrial settings.

This research paper introduces the IoT-based Automatic Water Tank Filling and
Quality Monitoring System—a comprehensive and technologically advanced
solution designed to meet the urgent need for efficient water resource
management. The primary goal of this system is to ensure a continuous supply
of clean and potable water while minimizing wastage. To achieve this, the
system seamlessly integrates various components, including Ultra-Sonic
Sensors, NodeMCU microcontrollers, Water Purity Sensors, LCD Displays,
Water Motors, Relay Modules, and Power Sources.

The IoT-based framework of this system enables real-time monitoring and

control of key parameters, specifically water level and water purity, through
web interfaces or mobile applications. This remote accessibility empowers
users to efficiently manage their water tanks, even when they are not physically
present on-site. This innovative approach represents a significant step towards
addressing the challenges of water management and promoting responsible
water usage in an increasingly water-scarce world.

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The primary functionality of the system centres on automated water filling and
control. It utilizes Ultra-Sonic Sensors to accurately gauge the water levels
within the tank. When the water level drops below a predetermined threshold,
the system activates the Water Motor to initiate the filling process, ensuring a
continuous water supply for various applications. The system's intelligence
shines through as it halts the filling operation once the water level reaches a
predefined limit, effectively preventing overflows and unnecessary water
wastage.

In addition to its water level monitoring capabilities, the system is equipped

with a Water Purity Sensor that regularly evaluates the quality of the stored
water. This sensor conducts periodic assessments to detect any contaminants
or impurities present in the water, enabling users to uphold stringent water
quality standards. When water quality issues are identified, the system
promptly notifies users through alerts delivered to their mobile applications,
facilitating swift corrective actions.

WORKS in PROGRESS in EMBEDDED COMPUTING (WiPiEC), Volume 9, No 2,

SEPTEMBER 2023
Selected papers from DSD'2023 and SEAA'2023 Works in Progress (WiP)
Session, Durres, Albania, 6th-8th September 2023

Fig.1: Automatic Water Tank Filling and Quality Monitoring

The functionality of an auto-water tank filling:

Components:

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1. Ultra-Sonic Sensor: This sensor is used to measure the water level in the
tank. It emits ultrasonic waves and measures the time it takes for the waves to
bounce back from the water surface, thus determining the water level.
2. NodeMCU: NodeMCU is a microcontroller board that facilitates the
connection of your system to the internet. It allows you to communicate with
the system remotely through Wi-Fi.
3. Water Purity Sensor: This sensor measures the quality or purity of the water
in the tank. It can detect contaminants or impurities in the water.
4. LCD Display: The LCD provides real-time information to the user about the
water level and water purity. It can display messages and readings from the
sensors.
5. Water Motor: The water motor is responsible for filling the tank when the
water level goes below a certain threshold and stopping when it reaches a
certain limit.
6. Relay Module: The relay module controls the operation of the water motor. It
can be used to turn the motor on and off based on the input from the sensors.
7. Power Source: A power source (e.g., a power supply or battery) provides the
necessary electrical power to run the system.

Functionality:

1. Water Level Monitoring: The ultra-sonic sensor continuously measures the

water level in the tank and sends this data to the NodeMCU.
2. Water Purity Monitoring: The water purity sensor periodically checks the
quality of the water and provides data to the NodeMCU.

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3. Remote Access: The NodeMCU is connected to the internet and provides a

web interface or a mobile app through which the user can remotely monitor the
water level and water purity.
4. Automatic Filling: When the water level falls below a certain threshold (e.g.,
30%), the NodeMCU activates the relay, turning on the water motor to start
filling the tank.
5. Filling Control: The NodeMCU continuously monitors the water level, and
when it reaches a certain limit (e.g., 90%), it turns off the relay, stopping the
water motor.
6. Alerts: If the water purity sensor detects poor water quality, the system can
send an alert to the user's mobile app, notifying them of the issue.
7. LCD Display: The LCD on the system provides real-time information about the
water level and water purity for users who are physically present near the tank.
8. Safety Measures: The system can include safety features such as overflow
prevention to avoid water spillage.
Overall, this system ensures that the water tank is filled automatically when
needed, provides real-time monitoring and alerts to the user, and ensures
water purity, all while conserving water by stopping the motor when the tank is
full. It offers convenience, efficiency, and peace of mind for the user.

EASE OF USE
A. Template Selection
The initial step in ensuring the user-friendly nature and uniformity of the IoT-
based Automatic Water Tank Filling and Quality Monitoring System project is
the careful selection of an appropriate template. In this research paper, we
have opted for a template adapted in MS Word 2007 and subsequently saved as
a Word 97-2003 Document compatible with PC systems. The rationale behind

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this choice is to provide authors with a structured framework that

encompasses the essential formatting guidelines necessary for the preparation
of an electronic paper.

Consistency in Formatting
The chosen template plays a pivotal role in maintaining a consistent visual
appearance throughout the paper. It standardizes critical elements such as
margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles. This standardization
simplifies the task of formatting individual papers, allowing authors to
concentrate on content creation without the added burden of handling intricate
formatting details.

Accessibility and Compatibility

Utilizing a template familiar to a wide range of authors ensures accessibility
and compatibility across diverse platforms and word-processing software. The
decision to save the template in an earlier Word format enhances the
probability of successful document rendering and consistent viewing on
various devices and software versions.

Adherence to Conference Standards

The template we have selected aligns seamlessly with the standards set for
conference proceedings. This alignment is crucial in ensuring a uniform style
across all papers presented within the conference. Not only does this
contribute to the professional presentation of the research findings, but it also
streamlines the publication process, making it more efficient and organized.

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Maintaining the Integrity of the Template Specifications

Preserving the ease of use and the integrity of the project hinges on adhering
closely to the specifications outlined in the selected template. These
specifications encompass various components and formatting requirements,
as follows:

Margins
The template establishes predefined margin settings that authors are expected
to strictly follow. The consistent use of these margins serves to ensure that the
paper maintains a visually appealing and coherent appearance in line with
established readability standards.

Column Widths
Specific column widths are defined within the template, which significantly
contributes to the paper's overall readability and visual structure. Authors
should take care to format their content within these designated column
widths to uphold the professional and organized presentation of their work.

Line Spacing
Uniform line spacing is another fundamental aspect of the template's
formatting guidelines. Maintaining the prescribed line spacing is critical as it
not only enhances the paper's readability but also ensures that it aligns with
the established formatting standards. Authors should make use of the
specified line spacing to achieve optimal visual results.

Type Styles

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The chosen template comes with predefined type styles, including font styles
and sizes. It is strongly encouraged that authors employ these styles
consistently throughout their papers. This consistency plays a critical role in
maintaining a coherent and professional appearance of the document.
Components
In addition to the type styles, the template also outlines the specifications for
various components such as headings and subheadings. Authors should
diligently follow these guidelines when creating other elements like equations,
graphics, and tables. Adherence to these guidelines ensures the seamless
integration of these components into the paper's overall structure.

In summary, the selection of an appropriate template and the meticulous

adherence to its specifications are paramount in ensuring the user-friendliness
and consistency of the IoT-based Automatic Water Tank Filling and Quality
Monitoring System project. By diligently following the template's guidelines,
authors can concentrate on delivering meaningful content while
simultaneously meeting formatting requirements. This approach not only
facilitates electronic production but also upholds a unified and professional
style throughout the research paper.

Previous Work

Advancements in the field of automatic water tank filling systems, coupled

with integrated monitoring and control capabilities, have witnessed notable
progress in recent years. These systems typically amalgamate an array of
sensors and microcontrollers to automate the task of maintaining an optimal
water level while safeguarding water quality. Notably, ultrasonic sensors have

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become the standard choice for water level measurement due to their
exceptional accuracy and reliability. IoT-enabled microcontroller boards like
NodeMCU and similar options have gained widespread acceptance, primarily
for their capacity to establish internet connectivity, thereby enabling remote
access and control of the system.

To comprehensively address the critical aspect of water quality, water purity

sensors have been seamlessly integrated into these systems. These sensors
possess the capability to identify impurities, contaminants, or changes in the
composition of water, significantly enhancing the overall reliability and
usability of the system. To provide users with real-time information, LCDs are
commonly employed, allowing individuals to monitor water level and purity
directly on-site.

An indispensable feature of these systems is their automatic filling

functionality, which is activated when the water level falls below a
predetermined threshold. To ensure efficient filling while mitigating the risk of
overflow, relay modules are employed to control water motors. Additionally, to
prevent water wastage and potential damage, safety measures, including
overflow prevention mechanisms, have been thoughtfully incorporated into the
system's design.

A notable recent advancement in research revolves around the integration of

remote access capabilities through web interfaces or mobile applications. This
innovation empowers users to effortlessly monitor and control the system from
any location with an internet connection. Furthermore, alert systems have been

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thoughtfully implemented to promptly notify users of any identified issues

about water quality. This not only offers peace of mind but also facilitates
timely corrective actions.

Collectively, the prior research in this field has played a pivotal role in
advancing intelligent and user-friendly auto-water tank filling systems. These
systems seamlessly blend convenience, efficiency, and water conservation,
rendering them highly valuable assets for a wide spectrum of applications,
including residential and commercial settings. Ongoing research endeavours
persist in refining these systems, delving into innovations in sensor technology,
communication protocols, and energy efficiency to continually enhance their
performance and sustainability.

Problems in previous work

Despite the significant advancements made in auto-water tank filling systems

equipped with monitoring and control features, previous research has
encountered certain challenges. One recurring issue pertains to the accuracy
and reliability of sensors, particularly when dealing with adverse environmental
conditions or highly turbid water sources. Ensuring consistent and precise
measurements of water level and purity remains an ongoing challenge.
Moreover, connectivity problems may arise in some systems, resulting in
intermittent remote access issues or delays in alert notifications. Power
management and energy efficiency also pose concerns, as these systems often
rely on continuous power sources, which can be limited in regions with

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unreliable electrical grids. Addressing these challenges is imperative to further

enhance the effectiveness and resilience of auto-water tank filling systems.

Methodology

The methodology employed in the development of an auto-water tank filling

system with integrated monitoring and control functionalities typically involves
several critical steps. Firstly, the selection and proper installation of suitable
sensors, such as ultrasonic sensors for water level measurement and water
purity sensors, are essential. These sensors must undergo calibration and
rigorous testing to ensure accurate data acquisition.

Subsequently, a microcontroller board, such as NodeMCU, is utilized to

interface with the sensors and control various system components.
Programming assumes a pivotal role in this phase, as it necessitates the
creation of algorithms to process sensor data, manage the water-filling
process, and establish internet connectivity for remote access.

The development of the system's user interface, whether through a web

interface or a mobile app, is paramount. This entails the design of a user-
friendly interface that offers real-time data visualization and user-controlled
options.

Working of system

The functioning of the auto-water tank filling system relies on a seamless

integration of its core components. First and foremost, the ultrasonic sensor

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plays a pivotal role by continuously emitting ultrasonic waves into the tank and
measuring the time taken for them to bounce back from the water surface. This
data is then relayed to the NodeMCU, which acts as the brain of the system,
processing the information and making decisions based on predefined
thresholds. The NodeMCU also ensures remote access capabilities, allowing
users to monitor the water level and purity via the Internet. When the water
level dips below a specified threshold, the NodeMCU activates the relay,
turning on the water motor to initiate filling. As the water level approaches the
upper limit, the NodeMCU once again intervenes, turning off the relay to stop
the motor. Simultaneously, the water purity sensor periodically assesses the
water quality, triggering alerts if any contaminants or impurities are detected.
The LCD provides a user-friendly interface, displaying critical information in
real-time for those physically near the tank. Altogether, this system operates
harmoniously to automate water management, optimize water usage, and
ensure water quality, enhancing both convenience and efficiency for users.

Discussion

In the context of the auto-water tank filling project, discussion takes on a

paramount role. It serves as the bridge between the technical aspects of the
system and the practical needs of its users. Through discussion, project
stakeholders, including engineers, end-users, and maintenance personnel, can
share their insights and requirements. Engineers can explain the technical
intricacies of the system while gathering user feedback on usability and
convenience. This exchange of information is vital for refining the system's
parameters, such as water level thresholds and purity criteria, to ensure they

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align with the user's preferences and local water conditions. Furthermore,
discussions can pinpoint safety concerns, operational improvements, and any
potential issues that might arise during system deployment and operation

Results

The successful implementation of the auto-water tank filling system described

above results in a highly efficient and user-friendly solution for managing water
storage. This project combines the capabilities of advanced sensors, IoT
technology, and automation to address several critical aspects of water
management. By continuously monitoring the water level and water purity, it
ensures that the tank is consistently filled to an optimal level while maintaining
water quality. The integration of remote access via NodeMCU enables users to
conveniently monitor the system from anywhere, providing real-time insights
into their water storage status. The automatic filling mechanism not only
guarantees a constant water supply but also conserves water by preventing
overfilling. Moreover, the alert system adds an extra layer of safety by notifying
users of any water quality issues promptly. The LCD serves as a helpful on-site
interface for users to access essential information. Overall, this project
delivers a comprehensive solution that promotes efficient water usage,
convenience, and peace of mind in managing water resources effectively.

Fig.2: Automatic Water Tank Filling and Quality Monitoring

In the final stages of development, rigorous testing and validation procedures

are executed, encompassing controlled environments and real-world

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scenarios. These tests aim to guarantee the system's reliability and

performance. Based on the test results, fine-tuning and optimization may be
required. This meticulous methodology ensures the successful creation of an
efficient and dependable auto-water tank filling system equipped with
monitoring and control capabilities.

Conclusion

To sum up, the development of an auto-water tank filling system integrating

monitoring and control functionalities signifies a significant technological leap
in addressing pressing water management challenges. Previous research has
convincingly demonstrated the feasibility of integrating ultrasonic sensors for
water level measurement, water purity sensors, microcontroller boards like
NodeMCU, and remote access interfaces to craft intelligent systems offering
convenience, efficiency, and water conservation benefits. Nevertheless,
challenges such as sensor accuracy, connectivity issues, and power
management require attention to further enhance the reliability and resilience
of these systems. Nonetheless, ongoing research and development in this field
hold immense promise in ensuring a more sustainable and accessible water
supply, benefiting both residential and commercial users, and contributing to
responsible water resource management.

References

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[1] Divya Kura, "IOT based water tank control," Article-Embedded for you,
Jan/Feb 2016.

[2] N. Vijaya Kumar, R. Ramayas, "The real-time monitoring of water quality in

IoT environment," IEEE sponsored 2nd international conference on innovations
in information, embedded and communication systems (Iciiecs) 2015.

[3] Saima Maqbool, Nidhi Chandra, "Real-time wireless monitoring and control
of water system using Zigbee 802.15.14," 5th international conference on
computational intelligence and communication networks, 2013.

[4] Thinagaran Perumall, Md Nasir Sulaiman, Leong, "Internet of Things (IoT)

enabled water system," IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics
(GCCE), 2015.

[5] Made Saraswathi, Endrowednes Kauntama, Pono Mardjoko, "Design and

Construction of Water Level Management System Accessible Through SMS,"
IEEE Computer Society, 2012.

[6] B. Dhivyapriya, C. Gulabsha, S. P. Maniprabha, G. Kandaswamy, Dr.

Chandhrasekharan, "GSM Based Water Tank Level Monitoring and Pump
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[7] Parchet Varma, Akshay Kumar, Nihesh Rathod, Prathik Jain Malikarjun S.
Renu Subramaniyam, Bhardhwaj Amrutur, M. S. Mohan Kumar, Rajesh
Sundresan, "IOT Based Water Management System for a Campus," IEEE First
International Smart Cities Conference (isc2), 2015.

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[8] Asaad Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed ELTAIEB, Zhang Jianmin, "Automatic

Water Level Control System," International Journal of Science and Research
(IJSR) 2013.

[9] Sanam Pudasaini, Anuj Prathik, Sukriti Dhakal, Milan Paudel, "Automatic
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[10] Jaytibhatt, Jigneshpatoliya, "IOT based water quality monitoring system,"

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[11] Raghavendra. R, M. Uttara Kumari, S. A. Hariprasad,

WORKS in PROGRESS in EMBEDDED COMPUTING (WiPiEC), Volume 9, No 2,

SEPTEMBER 2023
Selected papers from DSD'2023 and SEAA'2023 Works in Progress (WiP)
Session, Durres, Albania, 6th-8th September 2023
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