Magsino, Jullian Mico M.
BSIT-BLK3
ASSESSMENT:
A. Determine whether the following statements are logically equivalent using truth
tables.
1. (p ˅ ~q) ˄ ~p and ~ (p ˅ q) _________________________________
p q ~p ~q (p ˅~q) (p ˅ ~q) ˄ ~p (p ˅ q) ~ (p ˅ q)
T T F F T F T F
T F F T T F T F
F T T F F F T F
F F T T T T F T
2. ~ (p ↔ ~q) and (~p → q) _________________________________
p q ~q ~p p ↔ ~q ~ (p ↔ ~q) ~p → q
T T F F F T T
T F T F T F T
F T F T T F T
F F T T F T F
B. Given the following conditional statements, determine the converse, inverse, and
the contrapositive.
1. If the sky is blue, then desserts are dry.
Converse: If the desserts are dry, then the sky is blue.
Inverse: If the sky is not blue, then desserts are not dry.
Contrapositive: If the desserts are not dry, then the sky are not blue.
2. If Pluto is not a planet, then sun is the center of the solar system.
Converse: If the sun is the center of the solar system, then the Pluto is not a planet.
Inverse: If Pluto is a planet, then the sun is not the center of the solar system
Contrapositive: If the sun is not the center of the solar system, then Pluto is a planet.
3. If Superman is the man of steel, then Batman is the Dark Knight.
Converse: If Batman is the Dark Knight, then Superman is the man of steel.
Inverse: If Superman is not the man of steel, then Batman is not the Dark Knight.
Contrapositive: If Batman is not the Dark Knight, then Superman is not the man of
steel.
APPLICATION:
A. Simplify the following compound statements using the laws of equivalent.
1. ~ (~p ˄ ~q) ˄ (~p ˅ q) ˄ (p ˅ ~q) ˄ (~ p ˅ ~q)
Steps Reasons
≡ [~ (~p) ˅ ~(~q)] ˄ (~p ˅ q) ˄ (p ˅ ~q) ˄ (~ p ˅ ~q) Double Negation law
≡ (p ˅ q) ˄ (~p ˅ q) ˄ (p ˅ ~q) ˄ (~ p ˅ ~q)
≡ [(p ˅ q) ˄ (~p ˅ q)] ˄ [(p ˅ ~q) ˄ (~ p ˅ ~q)] Distributive law
≡ [(p ˄ ~p) ˅ q] ˄ [(p ˄ ~ p) ˅ ~q] Inverse law
≡ (F ˅ q) ˄ (F ˅ ~q) Identity law
≡ q ˄ ~q Inverse law
≡F
2. (p ˅ ~r) ˄ ~ [(q ˅ r) ˅ ~ (r ˅ p)]
Steps Reasons
≡ (p ˅ ~r) ˄ ~ (q ˅ r) ˄ ~ [~ (r ˅ p)] Double Negation law
≡ (p ˅ ~r) ˄ ~ (q ˅ r) ˄ (r ˅ p) De Morgan`s law
≡ (p ˅ ~r) ˄ (~q ˄ ~r) ˄ (r ˅ p)
≡ [(p ˅ ~r) ˄ ~r] ˄ ~q) ˄ (r ˅ p) Absorption law
≡ ~r ˄ ~q ˄ (r ˅ p) Commutative law
≡ ~q ˄ ~r ˄ (r ˅ p)
≡ ~q ˄ [~r ˄ (r ˅ p)] Distributive law
≡ ~q ˄ [(~r ˄ r) ˅ (~r ˄ p)] Inverse law
≡ ~q ˄ [F ˅ (~r ˄ p)] Identity law
≡ ~q ˄ (~r ˄ p) Commutative law
≡ ~q ˄ (p ˄ ~r)
≡ (~q ˄ p) ˄ ~r) Associative law
≡ p ˄ ~q ˄ ~r
B. Prove that the following compound propositions is logically equivalent using the
laws of logical equivalence
1. ( p ∧ q)∧ ( p ∨ q ) ¿ ≡ p
( p ∧ q)∧ ( p ∨ q ) ¿ ≡ p Given
q pV q q
(p ) (p ) ≡p Associative Law
q ¿
(p ) ≡p De Morgan's Law
p ^ p V p ^ q ≡p Idempotent Law
p V p ^ q ≡p Idempotent Law
p V q ≡p Domination Law
p≡p Identity Law
Type equation here .
Example: Prove the following compound propositions are logically equivalent
using laws of logical equivalence.
a. [ p ∨ ( p ∨q ) ]≡ p ∧ q
[ p ∨ ( p ∨q ) ]≡ p ∧ q Given
¿ Distributive Law
[T ∨ ( p ∨ q )]≡ p ∧ q Inverse Law
( p ∨q ) ≡ p ∧ q Domination Law
p∧ q≡ p∧ q De Morgan’s Law
