Lab 3-4a OSPF over Frame Relay
Learning Objectives
• Configure OSPF over Frame Relay
• Use non-broadcast and point-to-multipoint OSPF network types
• Modify default OSPF timers
Topology
If you are using an Adtran as a Frame Relay switch, please skip this lab and go
to Lab 3.4b.
Note on serial interface numbering: Given the diversity of router models and
the associated differing naming conventions for serial interfaces (S0, S0/0,
S0/0/0), the actual interface numbers on your devices probably differ from those
above. The same is true concerning which side of the link is DCE or DTE. You
should always draw your own network diagram based upon your specific
physical topology. If you are uncertain which side of the connection is DCE, use
the show controllers serial interface number command:
HQ# show controllers serial0/0/0
Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is GT96K
DCE V.35, clock rate 2000000
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Scenario
You are responsible for configuring the new network to connect your company’s
east branch and west branch through the company headquarters represented
by loopback interfaces on each of the three routers. The physical devices have
just been installed and connected over Frame Relay hub-and-spoke. Configure
OSPF to allow full connectivity between all departments.
There will also be an Ethernet connection between East and West. This
represents a backup line given by a service provider.
This topology may appear again in future labs, so save your configuration when
you are done.
Step 1: Addressing
Set up the Frame Relay switch connecting the routers to have the DLCIs
indicated in the diagram between HQ and East and HQ and West.
Then configure the router physical interfaces with IP addresses. On the
interfaces connected to the Frame Relay switch, configure Frame Relay
encapsulation with Inverse ARP disabled and use Frame Relay map
statements. Make sure you include the broadcast keyword in your map
statements and local Frame Relay maps so that you can ping yourself. Also set
up the loopback interfaces.
HQ# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
HQ(config)# interface loopback 1
HQ(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
HQ(config-if)# interface serial 0/0/1
HQ(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
HQ(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
HQ(config-if)# no frame-relay inverse-arp
HQ(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 102
HQ(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 102 broadcast
HQ(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 103 broadcast
HQ(config-if)# no shutdown
EAST# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
EAST(config)# interface loopback 2
EAST(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
EAST(config-if)# interface serial 0/0/1
EAST(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
EAST(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
EAST(config-if)# no frame-relay inverse-arp
EAST(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 201 broadcast
EAST(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 201
EAST(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 201 broadcast
EAST(config-if)# no shutdown
EAST(config-if)# interface fastethernet 0/0
EAST(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
EAST(config-if)# no shutdown
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WEST# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
WEST(config)# interface loopback 2
WEST(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
WEST(config-if)# interface serial 0/0/1
WEST(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
WEST(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
WEST(config-if)# no frame-relay inverse-arp
WEST(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 301 broadcast
WEST(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 301 broadcast
WEST(config-if)# frame-relay map ip [Link] 301
WEST(config-if)# no shutdown
WEST(config-if)# interface fastethernet 0/0
WEST(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
WEST(config-if)# no shutdown
Verify that you have local subnet connectivity with ping.
Step 2: Setting Up NMBA OSPF
We can set up OSPF for hub-and-spoke over Frame Relay. HQ will be the hub;
East and West will be the spokes. Create OSPF process 1, and add the Frame
Relay interfaces on each router into area 0 with the network command. Also,
add the loopback interfaces on each router into area 0. Then change the
network type to allow the correct subnet mask to be advertised.
HQ(config)# router ospf 1
HQ(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
HQ(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
HQ(config-router)# interface loopback 1
HQ(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-point
EAST(config)# router ospf 1
EAST(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
EAST(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
EAST(config-router)# interface loopback 2
EAST(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-point
WEST(config)# router ospf 1
WEST(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
WEST(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
WEST(config-router)# interface loopback 3
WEST(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-point
No Frame Relay adjacencies will be established yet, because the default
network type is non-broadcast. We can change this by adding neighbor
statements. Before that, however, go on East and West and change their
Frame Relay interfaces to have OSPF priority 0. This ensures that HQ becomes
the DR. Next, configure neighbor statements on HQ pointing toward East and
West. Only the router starting the exchange needs neighbor statements (it is
HQ in this case). Although it may take a little while because the hello timers are
long on non-broadcast, the adjacencies will eventually come up. You can verify
adjacency states with the show ip ospf neighbor command.
HQ(config)# router ospf 1
HQ(config-router)# neighbor [Link]
HQ(config-router)# neighbor [Link]
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EAST(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
EAST(config-if)# ip ospf priority 0
WEST(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
WEST(config-if)# ip ospf priority 0
HQ# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
[Link] 0 FULL/DROTHER [Link] [Link] Serial0/0/1
[Link] 0 FULL/DROTHER [Link] [Link] Serial0/0/1
Non-broadcast networks are good for Frame Relay because you have the
maximum level of control over neighbor relationships. All OSPF packets are
unicast and go only to their intended destination. Non-broadcast saves
bandwidth because of the strict control you can have over which router
becomes the DR.
Step 3: Changing the Network Type to Point-to-Multipoint
Point-to-multipoint is an OSPF area type that lends itself very well to a hub-and-
spoke topology. Point-to-multipoint does not elect DRs or BDRs, so it does not
need interface priorities. Instead, it treats the network as a collection of point-to-
point networks and advertises host routes for any neighbors it has.
To configure this, first take off the configuration already there for a non-
broadcast network, meaning the neighbor statements and interface priorities.
The adjacencies time out after the dead timer expires.
HQ(config)# router ospf 1
HQ(config-router)# no neighbor [Link]
HQ(config-router)# no neighbor [Link]
EAST(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
EAST(config-if)# no ip ospf priority 0
WEST(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
WEST(config-if)# no ip ospf priority 0
After removing the old configuration, use the interface-level command ip ospf
network point-to-multipoint. Verify that your adjacencies are active with the
show ip ospf neighbor command.
HQ(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
HQ(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
EAST(config)# interface serial 0/0/1
EAST(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
WEST(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
WEST(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
HQ# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
[Link] 0 FULL/ - [Link] [Link] Serial0/0/1
[Link] 0 FULL/ - [Link] [Link] Serial0/0/1
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Look at the routing table on one of the spoke routers. Notice how the routing
table has host routes in it. This is part of point-to-multipoint behavior.
EAST# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
[Link]/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks
O [Link]/24 [110/129] via [Link], [Link], Serial0/0/1
C [Link]/24 is directly connected, Loopback2
O [Link]/24 [110/65] via [Link], [Link], Serial0/0/1
C [Link]/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C [Link]/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
O [Link]/32 [110/64] via [Link], [Link], Serial0/0/1
O [Link]/32 [110/128] via [Link], [Link], Serial0/0/1
Look at the output of the show ip ospf interface interface command on your
routers. Notice that the interface type is point-to-multipoint.
EAST# show ip ospf interface serial 0/0/1
Serial0/0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address [Link]/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID [Link], Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 120
Hello due in [Link]
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor [Link]
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
What are some advantages to configuring an NBMA network as point-to-
multipoint instead of non-broadcast? What are some disadvantages?
Step 4: Changing OSPF Timers
Add the Ethernet link connecting East and West to the OSPF process using the
network command.
EAST(config)# router ospf 1
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EAST(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
WEST(config)# router ospf 1
WEST(config-router)# network [Link] [Link] area 0
Look at the interface OSPF properties with the show ip ospf interface
interface command.
EAST# show ip ospf interface fastethernet 0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address [Link]/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID [Link], Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) [Link], Interface address [Link]
Backup Designated router (ID) [Link], Interface address [Link]
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in [Link]
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 3/3, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor [Link] (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Since it is an Ethernet link, it has the default network type of broadcast and the
default network timers associated with a broadcast network. Sometimes, you
may want to change the default timers to allow for better network convergence,
because lower dead timers mean that neighbors that go down are detected
more quickly. The disadvantage of this is higher router CPU utilization and more
bandwidth being consumed by hello packets.
You can change the default hello timer to any time you want with the ip ospf
hello-interval seconds command. Change the hello interval to 5 seconds on
both sides. Change the dead timer to 15 seconds with the ip ospf dead-
interval seconds command. Verify this with the show ip ospf interface
interface command.
EAST(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
EAST(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval 5
EAST(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 15
WEST(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
WEST(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval 5
WEST(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 15
EAST# show ip ospf int f0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address [Link]/24, Area 0
Process ID 1, Router ID [Link], Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) [Link], Interface address [Link]
Backup Designated router (ID) [Link], Interface address [Link]
Timer intervals configured, Hello 5, Dead 15, Wait 15, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
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Hello due in [Link]
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 3/3, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor [Link] (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
What are some downsides to changing the timers if they are not tuned
correctly?
Challenge: Minimal Hello Intervals
Configure the serial link to have even lower convergence time in case of a
failure. To configure this, use the variant of the dead-interval command ip ospf
dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier multiplier. This command sets the
dead interval to one second. The hello rate is the multiplier number of hellos per
second. Configure the routers to send five hellos a second. Look at the dead
time column of the show ip ospf neighbor command. Is it a different format
than before for that connection?
Appendix A: TCL Connectivity Verification
tclsh
foreach address {
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
} {
ping $address }
HQ# tclsh
HQ(tcl)#
HQ(tcl)#foreach address {
+>(tcl)#[Link]
+>(tcl)#[Link]
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+>(tcl)#[Link]
+>(tcl)#[Link]
+>(tcl)#[Link]
+>(tcl)#[Link]
+>(tcl)#[Link]
+>(tcl)#[Link]
+>(tcl)#} {
+>(tcl)#ping $address }
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
EAST# tclsh
EAST(tcl)#
EAST(tcl)#foreach address {
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>} {
+>ping $address }
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
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Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
WEST# tclsh
WEST(tcl)#
WEST(tcl)#foreach address {
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>[Link]
+>} {
+>ping $address }
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
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Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to [Link], timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
Final Configurations
HQ# show run
!
hostname HQ
!
interface Loopback1
ip address [Link] [Link]
ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address [Link] [Link]
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
frame-relay map ip [Link] 102
frame-relay map ip [Link] 102 broadcast
frame-relay map ip [Link] 103 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
no shutdown
!
router ospf 1
network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 0
!
end
EAST# show run
!
hostname EAST
!
interface Loopback2
ip address [Link] [Link]
ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address [Link] [Link]
ip ospf hello-interval 5
ip ospf dead-interval 15
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address [Link] [Link]
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
clock rate 2000000
frame-relay map ip [Link] 201 broadcast
frame-relay map ip [Link] 201
frame-relay map ip [Link] 201 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
no shutdown
!
router ospf 1
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network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 0
!
end
WEST# show run
!
hostname WEST
!
interface Loopback3
ip address [Link] [Link]
ip ospf network point-to-point
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address [Link] [Link]
ip ospf hello-interval 5
ip ospf dead-interval 15
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address [Link] [Link]
encapsulation frame-relay
ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
clock rate 2000000
frame-relay map ip [Link] 301 broadcast
frame-relay map ip [Link] 301 broadcast
frame-relay map ip [Link] 301
no frame-relay inverse-arp
no shutdown
!
router ospf 1
network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 0
network [Link] [Link] area 0
!
end
FRS# show run
!
hostname FRS
!
frame-relay switching
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
no ip route-cache
clock rate 2000000
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 102 interface Serial0/0/1 201
frame-relay route 103 interface Serial0/1/0 301
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 201 interface Serial0/0/0 102
no shutdown
!
interface Serial0/1/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
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no ip route-cache
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 301 interface Serial0/0/0 103
no shutdown
!
end
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