Revision 2-AM025
TOPIC 8 (CORRELATION & REGRESSION)
Session 2022/2023
ANSWER SCHEME Test Yourself!
1. The table below shows a Verbal Reasoning test score, x and English test score, y, for
each of a random sample of 8 children who took both tests.
Child A B C D E F G H
x 112 113 110 113 112 114 109 113
y 69 65 75 70 70 75 68 76
(a) Determine the value of x, y , x , y
2 2
and xy . [2 marks]
(b) Calculate the value of the product moment correlation coefficient between the
scores in Verbal Reasoning and English. Hence, interpret the value obtained.
[3 marks]
(c) Calculate the coefficient of determination and interpret the value obtained.
[3 marks]
Solution
(a) x = 896, x 2
= 100372, y = 568, y 2 = 40436, xy = 63623
63623 −
(896 )( 568)
(b) r= 8
(896 ) ( 568 )
2 2
100372 − 40436 −
8 8
= 0.1506
There is weak positive relationship between Verbal Reasoning test score and
English test score.
r 2 = ( 0.1506 )
2
(c)
= 0.0227
2.27% of the variation in English test score can be explained by the variation in
Verbal Reasoning test score. 97.73% are caused by other factors.
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Revision 2-AM025
TOPIC 8 (CORRELATION & REGRESSION)
Session 2022/2023
2. Determine the strength of relationship between x and y given that
10 10 10 10 10
xy = 1045, x = 61, x
i =1 i =1 i =1
2
= 981, y = 174, y 2 = 3428
i =1 i =1
[3 marks]
Solution
1045 −
( 61)(174 )
r= 10
( 61) 3428 − (174 )
2 2
981 −
10 10
= −0.0332
There is weak negative relationship between x and y.
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Revision 2-AM025
TOPIC 8 (CORRELATION & REGRESSION)
Session 2022/2023
3. Azfar generated 10 pairs of random numbers, as shown in the following table.
Pair ( x, y )
1 ( 68,82 )
2 (12, 27 )
3 ( 94,91)
4 ( 72,96 )
5 (12, 46 )
6 ( 39, 60 )
7 ( 46,30 )
8 (87,59 )
9 ( 54,5 )
10 ( 94, 69 )
(a) Determine the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient between x and y.
Hence, comment on the result. [5 marks]
(b) Determine the equation of linear regression line ŷ = a + bx , with the values of
a and b correct to three decimal places. [4 marks]
Solution
(a) x = 578, x 2
= 41890, y = 565, y 2 = 40436, xy = 37527
37527 −
( 578)( 565)
r= 10
( 578 ) ( 565 )
2 2
41890 − 39833 −
10 10
= 0.5945
There is moderate positive relationship between x and y.
37527 −
( 578)( 565 )
10 565 578
(b) b= = 0.574 , a = − 0.574 = 23.323
( 578) 10
2
10
41890 −
10
yˆ = 23.323 + 0.574 x
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Revision 2-AM025
TOPIC 8 (CORRELATION & REGRESSION)
Session 2022/2023
4. A researcher conducted an experiment about the percentage yield from a bioreactor
given the temperature, in 0C as shown in the following table.
Temperature (0C), X 82 90 88 86 80 78 82 83 64 73
Yield (%), Y 51 30 40 28 49 49 44 59 60 59
(a) Find the correlation coefficient between temperature and percentage yield from
a bioreactor and interpret its value. [5 marks]
(b) Obtain the equation of linear regression line ŷ = a + bx , with the values of a and
b correct to two decimal places. [4 marks]
(c) Interpret the values of a and b. [2 marks]
Solution
(a) x = 578, x 2
= 41890, y = 565, y 2 = 40436, xy = 37527
37527 −
( 578)( 565)
r= 10
( 578) ( 565 )
2 2
41890 − 39833 −
10 10
= −0.7580
There is moderate negative relationship between temperature and percentage
yield from a bioreactor.
37204 −
( 806 )( 469 )
(b) b= 10 = −1.14
( )
2
806
65486 −
10
469 806
a= − ( −1.14 ) = 138.78
10 10
yˆ = 138.78 − 1.14 x
(c) a = 138.78 means that when the temperature is 00C, the percentage yield from
bioreactor is 138.78%.
b = −1.14 means that for every 10C increase in temperature, the percentage
yield from bioreactor will decrease by 1.14%.
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Revision 2-AM025
TOPIC 8 (CORRELATION & REGRESSION)
Session 2022/2023
5. Data on 10 round diamond stones was collected from a Kuala Lumpur based retailer of
diamond jewellery. The weights of the diamond stones (in carats), x and the
corresponding price (in RM), y are shown in the following table.
Weight (carats), x 0.30 0.34 0.37 0.52 0.53 0.66 0.70 0.70 1.06 1.02
Price (RM), y 882 987 994 2443 2436 3010 3857 4060 6923 7063
(a) Obtain the equation of linear regression line ŷ = a + bx , with the values of a and
b correct to two decimal places. Hence, interpret the slope value. [7 marks]
(b) Estimate the price of round diamond stone if the weight is 1.05 carats. [2 marks]
Solution
(a) x = 6.2, x 2
= 4.4734, y = 32655, xy = 25600.54
25600.54 −
( 6.2 )( 32655)
b= 10 = 8507.21
( 6.2 )
2
4.4734 −
10
32655 6.2
a= − ( 8507.21) = −2008.97
10 10
yˆ = −2008.97 + 8507.21x
b = 8507.21 means that for every 1 carat increase in the weight of the diamond
stones, the price will increase by RM8507.21.
(b) yˆ = −2008.97 + 8507.21(1.05 )
= RM 6923.60
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