Nuclear Physics

DISHA CLASSES 11
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Multiple Choice Questions

1. The mass number of a nucleus is
(a) always less than its atomic number
(b) always more than its atomic number
(c) sometimes equal to its atomic number

(d) sometimes more than and some times equal to its atomic number

2. Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are

(a) electromagnetic radiations (b) electrons orbiting around the nucleus
(c) charged particles emitted by the nucleus (d) neutral particles

3. During a negative beta decay

(a) an atomic electron is ejected
(b) an electron which is already present within the nucleus is ejected

(c) a neutron in the nucleus decays emitting an electron

(d) a part of the binding energy of the nucleus is converted into an electron

4. Out of the following, the one which can pass through 20 cm thickness of steel is
(a) �-rays (b) �-rays (c) �-rays (d) ultra-violet rays

5. The half life of radium is 1600 years. The fraction of a sample of radium that would remain
undecayed after 6400 years is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4 (c) 1/8 (d) 1/16

6. The decay constant of a radioactive sample is �. The half life and mean life of the sample are
respectively given by
(a) 1/� and (ln 2)/� (b) (ln 2)/� and 1/� (c) � (ln 2) and 1/� (d) �/(ln 2) and 1/�

7. The half life of Bi210 is 5 days. If we start with 50,000 atoms of this isotope, the number of atoms
left over after 10 days is
(a) 5,000 (b) 25,000 (c) 12,500 (d) 20,000

8. The half life of a radioactive element which has only 1/32 of its original mass left after a lapse of
60 days is
(a) 12 days (b) 32 days (c) 60 days (d) 64 days

9. The counting rate observed from a radioactive source at t = 0 was 1600 counts/s and at t = 8s it
was 100 counts/s. The counting rate observed, as counts/s, at t = 6s was
(a) 400 (b) 300 (c) 200 (d) 150

10. Bi210 has a half life of 5 days. The time taken for seven-eighths of a sample of Bi 210 to decay is
(a) 3.4 days (b) 10 days (c) 15 days (d) 20 days

11. Consider a radioactive material of half life 1.0 minute. If one of the nuclei decays now, the next
one will decay after
(a) 1.0 minute
(b) 1/loge 2 minutes
(c) 1/N minutes where N is the number of nuclei present at that moment
(d) any time

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 Nuclear Physics
DISHA CLASSES 12
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12. In a �-decay
(a) the parent and the daughter nuclei have the same number of protons
(b) the daughter nucleus has one proton less than the parent nucleus
(c) the daughter nucleus has one proton more than the parent nucleus
(d) the daughter nucleus has one neutron more than the parent nucleus

13. Consider �-particles, �-particles and �-rays, each having an energy of 0.5 MeV. In increasing order
of penetrating powers, the radiations are
(a) �, �, � (b) �, �, � (c) �, �, � (d) �, �, �

14. If 10% of a radioactive material decays in 5 days, then the amount of original material left after 20
days is approximately
(a) 60% (b) 65% (c) 70% (d) 75%

15. If the binding energy of deuteron is 2.23 MeV, its mass defect in atomic mass unit is
(a) –0.0012 (b) 0.0012 (c) 0.0024 (d) –0.0024

16. Which of the following is a fusion reaction?

17. Which of the following isotopes is normally fissionable?

18. Which of the following is a pair of isobars?

24
19. The half-life of the isotope 11 Nais 15 hours. How much time does it take for 7/8th of a sample of
this isotope to decay?
(a) 75 h (b) 65 h (c) 55 h (d) 45 h

20. If the half-life of a radioactive sample is 10 hours, it mean life is

(a) 14.4 hours (b) 7.2 hours (c) 20 hours (d) 6.93 hours

21. An atom of mass number 15 and atomic number 7 captures an �-particle and then emits a
proton. The mass number and atomic number of the resulting atom will be respectively
(a) 14 and 2 (b) 15 and 3 (c) 16 and 4 (d) 18 and 8

22. In the reaction

24
12 Mg � 24He � x
14 Si � 10n, x is

(a) 28 (b) 27 (c) 26 (d) 22

23. Energy equivalent to 0.001 mg is

(a) 9 � 107 ergs (b) 9 � 107 J (c) 9 � 1010 J (d) 3 � 107 ergs

24. Nuclear fission experiments show that the neutrons split the uranium nuclei into two fragments of
about the same size. This process is accompanied by the emission of several
(a) protons and positrons (b) �-particles
(c) neutrons (d) protons and �-particles

CENTRAL MKT., ASHOK VIHAR-I & ROHINI (SEC-9) 011-42474702/7290-016-768/7290-016-769/7290-016-770

 Nuclear Physics
DISHA CLASSES 13
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25. Thermal neutrons can cause fission in

(a) 235U (b) 238U (c) 238Pu (d) 232Th

26. Mass defect of an atom refers to

(a) inaccurate measurement of mass of nucleons
(b) mass annihilated to produce energy to bind the nucleus
(c) packing fraction
(d) difference in the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus

27. Curie is a unit of

(a) energy of gamma rays (b) half-life
(c) intensity of gamma rays (d) radioactivity

28. A slow neutron (n) is captured by a 235 U nucleus forming a highly unstable nucleus 235 U�
92 92
(where* denotes that the nucleus is in an excited state). The fission of the nucleus occurs by

29. In the �-decay process occurring in different types of nuclei at rest

(a) the kinetic energy of the daughter nucleus is always greater than the kinetic energy of the �-
particle
(b) the kinetic energy of the daughter nucleus is always less than the kinetic energy of the
�-particle
(c) the magnitudes of the linear momenta of the �-particle and the daughter nucleus are always
equal
(d) the daughter nucleus is always in a stable state

30. 200 MeV of energy is obtained in the fission of one nucleus of 235U. A reactor is generating 1000
kW of power. The rate of nuclear fission in the reactor is
(a) 1000 (b) 2 � 108 (c) 3.125 � 1016 (d) 931

31. N atoms of a radioactive element emit n alpha-particles per second. The half-life of the element in
seconds is
(a) n/N (b) N/n (c) 0.693 N/n (d) 0.693 n/N

32. The energy equivalent of 1 kg of matter is about

(a) 10–15 J (b) 1 J (c) 10–12 J (d) 1017 J

33. During a nuclear fusion reaction

(a) a heavy nucleus breaks into two fragments by itself
(b) a light nucleus bombarded by thermal neutrons breaks up
(c) a heavy nucleus bombarded by thermal neutrons breaks up
(d) two light nuclei combine to give a heavier nucleus and possibly other products

34. From the following equations pick out the possible nuclear fusion reactions.
(a) 5C13 + 1H1 �� 6C14 + 4.3 MeV
(b) 6C12 + 1H1 �� 7C13 + 2 MeV
(c) 7N14 + 1H1 �� 8O 15 + 7.3 MeV
(d) 92U235 + 0n1 �� 54Xe140 + 38Sr94 + 0n1 + 0n1 + � + 200 MeV

35. The main source of solar energy is

(a) nuclear fission (b) nuclear fusion (c) gravitational contraction (d) combustion

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 Nuclear Physics
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36. Fast neutrons can easily be slowed down by

(a) the use of lead shielding (b) passing them through water
(c) elastic collision with heavy nuclei (d) applying a strong electric field

37. Which of the following statements(s) is (are) correct?

(a) The rest mass of a stable nucleus is less than the sum of the rest masses of its separated
nucleons
(b) The rest mass of a stable nucleus is greater than the sum of the rest masses of its separated
nucleons
(c) In nuclear fusion, energy is released by fusing the nuclei of medium mass (approximately
100 amu)
(d) In nuclear fission, energy is released by fragmentation of a very heavy nucleus

38. The half-life of a radioactive substance is 3 years. If the number of atoms of this substance present
initially is 8 � 104, then the number of undecayed atoms will be 1 � 104 after
(a) 6 years (b) 8 years (c) 9 years (d) 24 years

39. What was the fissionable material used in the bomb dropped at Nagasaki (Japan) in the year
1945?
(a) uranium (b) neptunium (c) barkalium (d) plutonium

40. A star initially has 1040 deuterons. It produces energy via the processes
2
1H + 1H
2
�� 1H3 + p
and 1H 2
+ 1H 3
�� 2He4 + n
If the average power radiated by the star is 1016 W, the deuteron supply of the star is exhausted in
a time of the order of
(a) 106 s (b) 108 s (c) 1012 s (d) 1016 s
The masses of the nuclei are as follows :
M (H2) = 2.014 amu; M (p) = 1.007 amu; M (n) = 1.008 amu; M (He4) = 4.001 amu

41. The ratio of the radii of the nuclei 13Al27 and 52Te125 is approximately
(a) 6 : 10 (b) 13 : 52 (c) 40 : 177 (d) 14 : 73

42. Binding energy per nucleon (in MeV) for an atomic nucleus is about
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10

43. A radioactive material has a half-life of 100 s. If the initial amount of the material is 400 mg, then
the amount left after 300 s in mg is
(a) 100 (b) 200 (c) 133 (d) 50
44. When an electron-positron pair annihilates, the energy released is (electron mass = 9 � 10–31 kg,
c = 3 � 108 m/s)
(a) 1.6 � 10–13 J (b) 3.2 � 10–13 J
(c) 0.8 � 10 J
–13
(d) 4 � 10–13 J
45. Masses of two isobars 29Cu64 and 30Zn64 are 63.9298 u and 63.9292 u, respectively. It can be
concluded from these data that
(a) both the isobars are stable
(b) Zn64 is radioactive, decaying to Cu64 through �-decay
(c) Cu64 is radioactive, decaying to Zn64 through �-decay
(d) Cu64 is radioactive, decaying to ZN64 through �-decay

CENTRAL MKT., ASHOK VIHAR-I & ROHINI (SEC-9) 011-42474702/7290-016-768/7290-016-769/7290-016-770

 Nuclear Physics
DISHA CLASSES 15
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46. In the options given below, let E denote the rest mass energy of a nucleus and n a neutron. The
correct options is :

Match the following

1. Match the column – I of properties with column - II of reactions
Column – I Column – II
(a) Mass of product formed is less than (p) � - decay
The original mass of the system in
(b) Binding energy per nucleon increase in (q) � - decay
(c) Mass number is conserved in (r) Nuclear fission
(d) Charge number is conserved in (s) Nuclear fusion

2. In column – I, consider each process just before and just after it occurs. Initial system is isolated
from all other bodies. Consider all product particles (even those having rest mass zero) in the
system. Match the system is column – I with the result they produce in column - II
Column – I Column – II
(a) Spontaneous radioactive decay of an (p) Number of protons is increased
uranium nucleus initially at rest as
92 U � 90Th � 2 He� ......
given by reaction 238 234 4

nuclei as given by reaction 1H � 1H � 21 H � ........

1 1

(b) Fusion reaction of two hydrogen (q) Momentum is conserved

(c) Fission of U235 nucleus initiated by a (r) Mass is converted to energy or vice versa
Thermal neutron as given by reaction
0 n � 92 U � 56 Ba � 36 Kr � 30 n � .....
1 235 144 89 1

(d) � - decay (negative beta decay) (s) Charge is conserved

3. Column – I Column – II
(a) Fission (p) Matter – energy
(b) Fusion (q) In atom of high atomic number only
(c) � - decay (r) In atom of low atomic numbe only
(d) Exothermic nuclear reaction (s) Involves weak nuclear foces

4. Some laws / processes are given in Column – I. Match these with the physical phenomena given
in column - II

Column – I Column – II
(a) Transition between two atomic energy levels (p) Characteristic X – rays

(b) Electron emission from a material (q) Photoelectric effect

(c) Mosley’s law (r) Hydrogen spectrum

(d) Change of photon energy into kinetic energy of (s) � - decay

Electrons.

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 Nuclear Physics
DISHA CLASSES 16
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Passage
In a mixture of H – He+ gas (He+ is singly ionized He atom), H atoms and He+ ions are excited t their
respective first excited states. Subsequently, H atoms transfer their total excitation energy to He + ions
(by collisions). Assume that the Bohr model of atom is exactly valid.

1. The quantum number n of the state finally populated in He+ ions is

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

2. The wavelength of light emitted in the visible region by He+ ions after collisions with H atoms is
(a) 6.5 x 10-7 m (b) 5.6 x 10-7 m (c) 4.8 x 10-7 m (d) 4.0 x 10-7 m

3. The ration of the kinetic energy of the n = 2 electron for the H atom to that of He+ ions is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 1 (d) 2

4. A radioactive sampleS1 having an activity of 5�Ci has twice the number of nuclei as another
sample S2 which has an activity of 10�Ci. The half lives of S1 and S2 can be
(a) 20 years and 5 years, respectively (b) 20 years and 10 years, respectively
(c) 10 years each (d) 5 years each

Subjective Assignment
1. A nucleus X, initially at rest, undergoes �-decay according to the equation
A
92 X � 228
Z Y ��
(i) Find the values of A and Z in the above process.
(ii) The alpha particle produced in the above process is formed to move in a circular track of
radius 0.11 m in a uniform magnetic field of 3 tesla. Find the energy (in MeV) released
during the process and the binding energy of the parent nucleus X. Given that :

2. Polonium (84Po210) emits �-particles and is converted into lead (82Pb206). This reaction is used for
producing electric power in a space mission. Po210 has half-life of 138�6 days. Assuming an
efficiency of 10% of the thermoelectric machine, how much Po 210 is required to produce 1.2 � 107
J of electric energy per day at the end of 693 days ? Also find the initial activity of the material.
(Given: Masses of nuclei Po210 = 209.98264 amu, Pb206 = 205.97440 amu,
� = 4.00260 amu, 1 amu = 931 MeV and Avogadro number = 6 � 1023/mol.)

3. A neutron breaks into a proton, an electron (�-particle) and an antineutrino

� 0n
1
� 1H1 � �1 �
0
�
� v . Calculate the energy released in this process in MeV. Given :

Mass of electron = 9 � 10–31 kg,

Mass of proton = 1.6725 � 10–27 kg
Mass of neutron = 1.6747 � 10–27 kg.

4. When thermal neutrons are used to induce the reaction

10
5 B � 10n � 7
3Li � 42He
alpha particles are found to have an energy of 1.83 MeV. Given the masses of boron, neutron and
4
He as 10.0167u, 1.00894u and 4.00386 u respectively, what is the mass of 73 Li ?

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 Nuclear Physics
DISHA CLASSES 17
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5. Energy released from the fusion reaction
2 12H � 42He � Q
is to be used for the production of power. Assuming the efficiency of the process to be 30%, find
the mass of deuterium that will be consumed in a day for an output of 50 MW. Given :
Mass of deuterium = 2.01478 u, Mass of helium = 4.00388 u

6. The element curium � 248

96 Cm � has a mean-life of 1013 seconds. Its primary decay modes are
spontaneous fission and �-decay, the former with a probability of 8% and the latter with a
probability of 92%. Each fission releases 200 MeV of energy. The masses involved in �-decay are
as follows :
248
96 Cm � 248.072220 u, 244
94 Pu � 244.064100 u and 4
2 He � 4.002603 u
Calculate the power output from a sample of 10 Cm atoms. (1u = 931 MeV/c 2)
20

Answers
Multiple Choice Questions

1 c, d 8 a 15 c 22 b 29 b, c 36 b 43 d
2 c 9 c 16 a 23 b 30 c 37 a, d 44 a
3 c 10 c 17 c 24 c 31 c 38 c 45 d
4 c 11 d 18 d 25 a 32 d 39 d 46 a
5 d 12 c 19 d 26 b 33 d 40 c
6 b 13 a 20 a 27 d 34 b, c 41 a
7 c 14 b 21 d 28 d 35 b 42 c

Match the following

1. (a) p,q,r,s (b) p,q,r,s (c) p,q,r,s (d) p,q,r,s

2. (a) q,r,s (b) q,r,s (c) q,r,s (d) p,q,r,s

3. (a) p,q (b) p,q, (c) p,q,r,s (d) p,q,r

4. (a) p,r (b) q,s (c) p (d) p,q,r

Passage
1- C, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4- A

Subjective

1. (i) A = 232, Z = 90
(ii) Energy released = 5.336MeV
Binding energy = 1823 MeV
2. 32 g
Initial activity = 4.57 � 1021 day –1

3. 0.731 MeV 4. 7.01869 u 5. 25.2 g

6. 33.16 � 10–6 W

CENTRAL MKT., ASHOK VIHAR-I & ROHINI (SEC-9) 011-42474702/7290-016-768/7290-016-769/7290-016-770

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