Module – 1

TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY

20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

SRIT – ECE / R2020 VII SEM ECE
 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
2

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance, Hybrid

and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

2 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Two Port Network
3

 A two-port network (a kind of four-terminal network or quadripole) is an electrical

network (circuit) or device with two pairs of terminals to connect to the external circuits.
 Two terminals constitute a port if the currents applied to them satisfy the essential
requirement known as the port condition: the electric current entering one terminal must
equal the current emerging from the other terminal on the same port.
 The ports constitute interfaces where the network connects to other networks, the points
where signals are applied or outputs are taken.
 In a two-port network, often port 1 is considered the input port and port 2 is considered
the output port.
Figure: Example two-port network with symbol
definitions. Notice the port condition is satisfied: the
same current flows into each por t as leaves
that port.
3 Unit - 1: 20EC024
UECC015 -- RF
RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Two Port Network - Basic Definitions:
4

4 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
5

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

5 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Two Port Network
6

Low frequency network :

 Port - definitions
 Electrical Terms : pair of terminal
 In Microwave network : Reference plane transverse to the length of the microwave
transmission line or waveguide.
 Physical length of the network is smaller than the wavelength of the signal
transmitted
Generalities: The standard configuration of a two port:
I1 I2
+ +
Input The Network Output
V1 V2
_ Port / Device Port _

6 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

2 port Microwave Devices – Matrix representation
7

(a) 2 port network, (b) z- Matrix representation, (c) Y- Matrix representation

A Microwave network is formed when several microwave devices and components such as
Sources, Attenuators, Resonators, Filters, Amplifiers., etc., are coupled together by a
transmission line or wave guide.
The point of interaction of two or more devices is called as Junction.
At low frequencies since the physical length of the network is very small the measurable
input and output variables are Voltage and Current which can be related interms of Z, Y, H
7
or ABCD Parameters. Unit - 1: UECC015
20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Network Equations:
8

For a two port network, the relationship of V & I with respect to the Z, Y, H
and ABCD parameters can be given as:
Impedance V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2 Transmission V1 = AV2 - BI2
Z parameters A, B, C, D
V2 = Z21I1 + Z22I2 parameters I1 = CV2 - DI2

I1 = Y11V1 + Y12V2 V1 = h11I1 + h12V2

Admittance Hybrid
H parameters I2 = h21I1 + h22V2
Y parameters I2 = Y21V1 + Y22V2

8 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Impedance (Z Parameter)
9

 Z is the impedance, measured in ohms. (Z=R+jX)

 Resistance is a measure of the opposition of a circuit to the flow of a steady current.
 Impedance includes the dynamic effect known as reactance(X) along with the
resistance.
 Reactance(X) is the opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or
voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. A built-up electric field
resists the change of voltage on the element, while a magnetic field resists the
change of current.
 Z-parameters are also known as open-circuit impedance parameters as they
are calculated under open circuit conditions.
9 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Impedance (Z Parameter)
10
Contd.,
 A Z-parameter matrix describes the electrical behavior of any linear
network that can be regarded as a black box with a number of ports.
 A port is a pair of terminals carrying equal and opposite currents into
and out-of the network, and having a particular voltage between them.
 The voltages(V) may be defined in terms of the Z-parameter matrix and
the currents(I) by the following matrix equation:
V=ZI
Where Z is an N × N matrix

10 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Impedance (Z Parameter)
Contd.,
11

 The Z-parameter matrix for the two-port network is probably the most common.
 The relationship between the port currents, port voltages and the Z-
parameter matrix is given by:

11 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Z parameters:

12

V Z11 is the impedance seen looking into port 1 when

Z = 1
11 I
1 I =0
port 2 is open.
2

V Z12 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the

Z = 1 voltage at port 1 to the current at port 2 when port
12 I2 I =0
1 1 is open.

Z
V
= 2
Z21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the
21 I
1 I2 = 0 voltage at por t 2 to the current at por t 1 when por t
2
V is open.
Z
22
= 2
I2 I =0
Z22 is the impedance seen looking into port 2 when
1 por t 1 is open.
12 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Impedance Relations
13

 The input impedance of a two-port network is given by:

Z 21Z
Z in = Z 11− 12

Z 22 + Z L
 where ZL is the impedance of the load connected to port 2.
 The output impedance is given by:
Z Z 21
Z = Z − 1 2

+ Z S
o u t 2 2
Z 11

Where ZS is the impedance of the source connected to port 1.

13 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Admittance (Y Parameter)
14

 Admittance is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to

flow.
 It is defined as the inverse of impedance.
 The SI unit of admittance is Siemens (Symbol S).
 Oliver Heaviside coined the term admittance in December 1887.
 Admittance is defined as
1
Y =
Z

14 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Admittance (Y Parameter)
Contd.,
15

 The currents may be defined in terms of the Y-parameter matrix and the
voltages by the following matrix equation:
I = VY
 The Y-parameter matrix for the two-port network is probably the most
common.
 In this case, the relationship between the port voltages, por t currents and
the Y-parameter matrix is given by:

15 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Y parameters:
16

I Y11 is the admittance seen looking into port 1when port 2 is

Y = 1 shorted.
11 V V =0
1 2
I Y12 is a transfer admittance. It is the ratio of the current at port 1
Y = 1 to the voltage at port 2 when port 1 is shorted.
12 V V =0
2 1
I
Y21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the current at port 2
Y = 2
21 V to the voltage at port 1 when port 2 is shorted.
1 V =0
2
I
Y = 2 Y22 is the admittance seen looking into port 2 when port 1 is
22 V shorted.
2 V =0
1
16 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Admittance relations
17

 The input admittance of a two-port network is given by

Y12Y 21
Y in = Y 1 1 −
Y 22 + Y L
Where YL is the admittance of the load connected to port 2.
 The output admittance is given by

Y12Y 21
Y out = Y −
Y11 + Y S
22

 Where YS is the admittance of the source connected to port 1.

17 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D)
18

 ABCD Parameters, When Receiving End is Open Circuited

 The defining equations are:

1 2

18 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D)
Contd.,
19

 The ABCD-parameters are known variously as chain, cascade, or transmission

line parameters.
 A,B,C,D are the constants that characterizes the junctions.

 ABCD parameters – convenient to represent when number of circuits are

connected in Cascade.
 Unlike in the definition used for Z and Y parameters, notice that I2 is directed
away from the port.
19 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Properties of ABCD parameters
20

 ABCD parameters can be expressed in terms of the Z parameters.

 For a lossless network:

 The usefulness of the ABCD matrix is that cascaded two-port networks can
be characterized by simply multiplying their ABCD matrices
20 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Hybrid Parameters
21

 Every linear circuit having input and output terminals can be

analyzed by four parameters.
 One is measured in ohm, one in mho and two dimensionless

quantities.
 These four parameters are called hybrid or h Parameters.

 Hybrid means “mixed”.

21 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Hybrid Parameters
Contd.,
22

 The equations for the hybrid parameters are:

22 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Measurement Difficulties
23

 Measurement of Z, Y, H and ABCD Parameters is difficult at Microwave

Frequencies.
 Reasons:
 Non- availability of terminal voltage and current measuring equipment.
 Short circuit and especially open circuit are not easily achieved for a wide
range of frequencies.
 Presence of active devices makes the circuit unstable for short or open circuit.
 S-Parameters relates the reflected waves amplitude.
 For Circuit analysis S-parameters are related to Z or Y or ABCD
parameters.

23 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Routines
24

 Z parameters are useful for analyzing series connected

networks.
 Y Parameters are useful for analyzing parallel connected

networks.
 ABCD Parameters are used for analyzing cascaded two-port

networks.
 S parameters are useful for describing interactions of voltage

and current waves with a network.

24 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
25

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

25 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks

Three ways that two ports are interconnected:

26 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Cascade Connection
27

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 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Cascade Connection
28

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 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Parallel Connection
29

29 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Parallel Connection
30
 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Series Connection
31

For Network Na V1a = z11a I 1a + z1 2 a I 2 a

V 2 a = z 21a I 1a + z 22 a I2a

V1b = z11b I 1b + z1 2 b I 2 b
For Network Nb
V 2 b = z 2 1b I 1b + z 2 2 b I 2 b

I 1 = I 1 a = I 1b
We notice that
I 2 = I 2a = I 2b
31 Unit - 1: UECC015
20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE
MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Series Connection
32

We notice that
V1 = V1 a + V1b = (z 11 a + z 11b )I 1 + (z 1 2 a + z 1 2 b )I 2
V 2 = V 2 a + V 2 b = (z 2 1 a + z 2 1b )I 1 + (z 2 2 a + z 2 2 b )I 2

32
 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
33

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

33 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 High Frequency parameters
34

Scattering Parameters:
 Scattering Parameters (S-Parameters) plays a major role is network
analysis.
 This importance is derived from the fact that practical system
characterizations can no longer be accomplished through simple open-
or short-circuit customarily in low-frequency measurements, as is
applications.
 In the case of a short circuit with a wire; the wire itself possesses
an inductance that can be of substantial magnitude at high frequency.
 Also open circuit leads to capacitive loading at the terminal.

34 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 High Frequency parameters
Contd.,
35

 In either case, the open/short-circuit conditions needed to determine Z-

, Y-, h- andABCD-parameters can no longer be guaranteed.
 When dealing with wave propagation phenomena, it is not desirable to
introduce a reflection coefficient whose magnitude is unity.
 For instance, the terminal discontinuity will cause undesirable voltage
and/or current wave reflections leading to oscillation that can result in the
destruction of the device.
 With S-parameters, one has proper tool to characterize
the two-port network Description practically all RF devices
without harm to DUT(Device Under Test).
35 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Definition of Scattering Parameters
36

 S-parameters are power wave descriptors that permit us to

define the input-output relations of a network in terms of incident
and reflected power waves.

 

[S] 
b1 b2
an – normalized incident power waves
bn – normalized reflected power waves
36 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Definition of Scattering Parameters
37
Contd.,
1

37 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
38

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 Transmission matrix
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

38 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Formulation of S parameters
39

 An n-port microwave network has n arms into which power can be fed
and from which power can be taken.
 There are thus n incoming waves and n outgoing waves.
 Power can be reflected by a port, so the input power to a single port can
partition between all the ports of the network to form outgoing waves.
 Associated with each port is the notion of a "reference plane" at which
the wave amplitude and phase is defined.
 The reference plane associated with a certain port is at the same place
with respect to incoming and outgoing waves
39 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Formulation of S parameters
Contd.,
40

 “n” incoming wave complex amplitudes are usually designated by the n

complex quantities “an”.
 “n” outgoing wave complex quantities are designated by the n complex
quantities “bn”.
 The incoming wave quantities are assembled into an n-vector A and the
outgoing wave quantities into an n-vector B.
 The outgoing waves are expressed in terms of the incoming waves by the
matrix equation B = SA where S is an n by n square matrix of complex
numbers called the "Scattering Matrix”.
 It completely determines the behavior of the Network.
 The elements of this matrix are termed as "s-parameters”, are all frequency-
dependent.
40 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Definition of S parameters

41 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Matrix equations for a 2 & 3-port Network
42

 b1 = s11 a1 + s12 a2
 b2 = s21 a1 + s22 a2

 b1 = s11 a1 + s12 a2 + s13 a3

 b2 = s21 a1 + s22 a2 + s23 a3

 b3 = s31 a1 + s32 a2 + s33 a3

an and bn are obtained from the port current and voltages by the
relations
 an = (V + ZoI)/(2 sqrt(2Zo))

 bn = (V - ZoI)/(2 sqrt(2Zo))

42 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 PROPERTIES OF S-PARAMETER
43

1. Zero diagonal elements for perfect matched network

For an ideal network with matched termination

Sii=0
since
 there is no reflection from any port.

 Under perfect matched condition the diagonal element of [s]

are zero
43 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 PROPERTIES OF S-PARAMETER
Contd.,
44

2. Symmetry of [s] for a reciprocal network

 The reciprocal device has a same transmission characteristics

in either direction of a pair of ports and is characterized by
a symmetric scattering matrix
Sij = Sji ; for i≠j
Which results [S] t = [S]

44 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 PROPERTIES OF S-PARAMETER
45
Contd.,
3. Unitary property of lossless network

 For any loss less network the sum of product of each term of any one
row or any one column of s matrix multiplied by its complex
conjugate is unity.
 For a lossless N port devices the total power leaving N ports must be
equal to total input to the ports.

45 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 PROPERTIES OF S-PARAMETER
46
Contd.,
4. Zero property
It states that the sum of the product of any/each term of
any one row or any one column of a s matrix is multiplied by
the complex conjugate of corresponding terms of any other
row is zero

46 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 PROPERTIES OF S-PARAMETER
47
Contd.,
5. Phase shift property
If any of the terminal or reference plane are mover away from
the junction by an electric distance βk, lk. each of the coefficient
Sij involving K will be multiplied by the factor (e –jβk/k)

 0 e− jφ1 2

[S ] =  − jφ 2 1 
e 0 
47 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
48

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

48 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Reciprocal and lossless Network
49

 Reciprocal Networks:
 Has identical transmission characteristics from port one to port two or from
port two to port one
 circuit behavior independent of directions of waves and currents.
 Some Characteristics of Impedance and Admittance Matrices
 Both Z and Y matrices are symmetric
 Lossless Networks
 All the Z and Y elements are imaginary.
 To determine Z and Y elements, both voltage and current values need to be
measured.
 This is difficult at microwave frequencies.
49 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Symmetry of [s] for a reciprocal network
50

 The reciprocal device has a same transmission characteristics in either direction of a pair
of ports and is characterized by a symmetric scattering matrix
 Sij = Sji ; i≠j Which results [S] t = [S]
 For a reciprocal network with assumed normalized the impedance matrix equation is
 [b] = ( [z] + [u] )-1 ([z] – [u]) [a] -----------(1)
Where u is the unit matrix, S matrix equation of network is
 [b] = [s] [a] ------------(2)
Compare equ (1) & (2)
[S] =([Z]+[u])-1 ([Z] – U]) [R] = [Z] – [U]
[Q] = [Z] + [U]
For a reciprocal network Z matrix Symmetric
[R] [Q] = [Q] [R]
[Q] -1[R][Q][Q]-1 = [Q]-1[Q][R][Q]-1 [Q] -1[R] = [R][Q]-1
[Q] -1[R] [ S ] = [R][Q]-1
50 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
51

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

51 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Unit 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
57

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

52 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors
58

Frequency Spectrum
300 MHz – 3 GHz
100 Hz
ELF
VLF
10 kHZ Radio Frequency
100 kHz • TV
LF
1 MHz • Wireless Phones
MF (MW) • GPS
3 MHz
HF (SW)
30 MHz
VHF
300 MHz
UHF Microwave Frequency
1 GHz
SHF 8 GHz to 40 GHz • Radar
30 GHz • Remote Sensing
EHF
300 GHz
IR
53 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors
Contd.,
59

• Lumped components (wires, resistors, capacitors, inductors connectors

etc.,) behave differently at low and high frequencies.

• Why?
• current and voltage vary spatially over the component size
• Leads to the concept of distributed components!

The KCL and KVL are no more applicable

54 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors
60

• What do we mean by distributed?

• Example – Inductor
Low Frequency (Lumped) High Frequency (Distributed)

Z = R + jωL Z =?
55 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 RF Behavior of Passive Components
61

RF Behavior of Passive Components

 Why do inductors, capacitors, and resistors behave differently at

Radio Frequency?
 What is skin effect?

 Equivalent Circuit Model?

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 RF Behavior of Passive Components
62

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 RF Behavior of Resistors
63

58 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 RF Behavior of Resistors
64
Contd.,
 RF Behavior of Resistors
65
Contd.,
 RF Behavior of Resistors
66
Contd.,

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Resistors at High Frequencies
68

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 Resistors at High Frequencies Contd.,
69
 Resistors at High Frequencies
70
Contd.,

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 Resistors at High Frequencies
71
Contd.,

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 Capacitors at High Frequencies
72
 Capacitors at High Frequencies
73
Contd.,

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 Capacitors at High Frequencies
74
Contd.,

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Unit - 1: UECC015 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Inductors at High Frequencies
75

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Unit - 1: UECC015 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020
 Inductors at High Frequencies
76
Contd.,

71 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Inductors at High Frequencies
77
Contd.,

72 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

 Summary
UNIT 1 – TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
78

 Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance,

Hybrid and ABCD parameters
 Different types of interconnection of Two port networks
 High Frequency parameters
 Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters
 Reciprocal and lossless Network
 Transmission matrix
 RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

73 Unit - 1: 20EC024 - RF AND MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION 7/28/2020

79

End of unit – I

Thank you
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