| 2 Todraducton of Statistics — a Shai ik | Sataatics — - _ — lesen iso the se Science _ _7a collection agence ac ayaa intesprelertiss noaton ae a ” a __ Statistics a _methed of -clecisiows - mal 9 “The of _ Un Ces nn ye — phase 1 2 adanlis 0 tha | basis” of numerical “ole seks.” Eo = Prof Ya Inn > chow. tatistics ave raumericailly 0¢o7e. dotisties oe agnee geile ot facts. Johadics awe __aPfor lac) Jo 01 —rvvnthes!_esclend ould idyy of causes dish '? io nomimatecl © @astixnes}eo) : eae, ped te use chap) _ ach - other Lactose! ssFr — Statistes: : - ~ = hy Sdotis tics may be define ds gone» of facts affec) toa warhead) * i alfiplicit-y of Causes, ume dically Spr Sse “enwmirelea) ov estimealed Ctecord ine do a Feclsonab les Juncknyd of Meeatiretey 00 Nlocle J | A S¥sk matic mannay, foy ol — pres cleleray,} PUrPEse and Placed jm relation ae of Sach op. - | 260 nam». te Stade - a pes SMa ogemant ina phys" : en C2 Science - ss other snes“[Sielidics —oees ned ole] gsi jnoleed. nanan | Statistics enfy deal oui t__quandidive roe -| Stdaties resulls ame scaly oma | L dnly olvenge ok nol 2 ie h j — - _-| Statistics is — on oasis | Gt ise -enly a toa! _ —cohich is enly fe _ priper. _use.). | sdatishis can _be—2miss a : a ae By di tous! A _slalslics me mean kak of contialen atistical statement onl ‘Sladjstical methads Tis otlen bel . " Stotis th com —_paove—_alny thing”. these gre lyos of es , lies © lied’ olan hms.aird datisdics. ~ aricked jn the order_of. naman rom are__the poi! s_/neas0n for_such_motions being jell by peo ple fx shadistes * Are ane eo| 2 Ana S| Aba | —— +| Gasoue =——P Dizgnos S_ _gaupha— oe = stead whicl haves ‘| Concept a birds sage View of _# “sel of ich_ give i | ea a + Del =| Diapason og . ere ~ atfuctive —fasinatins a _ lng sive than - of mumerical_clada. v8. + I univag —— | Dheg one mare — —Ca: Los such ame_cacknsive! 7 usec! do __paesent “aiisd tical Higuie & _focls in ples. Give most of He —enibilians, trade "6 nds firs, os able Aanclions._ shishicalrepard ets on _| int =| They ae gisdew rca hl mpressian on te | 23 thind. 93 a. mind Gonos! _betone . al “sg = [ken paeperly —camstaucted_cliganns. pha — pon — more 1 ivi then fi faulted ue ee trond changes. =~— se 2 Anal e's dguchioe of fie ny ells tsi butions = |osept of. centeal. tenoler mice Rds YS peso n, padicion value. moments skewness ati psd A gle ith single —vasiable _is “called univaycl : - iL Given _clala is no. of ondcare sold _on [95 wovking cla by leading Acuse G95 - construct “a Feque distribution of — - - information + ue ° me pier - 93, 30, 20, 26,30, 30, 20,93, 20. 4, 26,90, 95, 40, 28, 26. 98:,80.48, 24. 08, 30,20, 30,2 -anallsd val tae 22 highest = 7 7 Frequecy lint ay No. of _ frequency.| oe - chieg isto 200 4 —— Q3 4 26 po BP 23 jf 4A BO L__€ = 40 \ ou —wamplet| fresent fhe following olada ot marks of De |60_ applications eho esexe given 8 Cerda, | test for He puapose ot selection toa po - | 41, 6%, 36, 49 65,79, 14, 92.52, 93, 14, $3, 1€3, 33 , 39, 4%, 35, 9%, 63,44 45, 20, % | [55,59 , 60, 3, $062, 99,49, 85,.32.93,55, | | 60, 34, 9,51, %, 60, 5%, 45, 1, 64, 44, 60, 40, 6, 63,50, 64, 32,Sanesi! a -condratl eee eel. ch's reson “of _a_pomertal foul at analysis isto |e Os lee —elverage value’ thal represen! | lige mass ot yaal aver: ~ Bus is value ahich is corstdler a fh. mds? on dad ye jeal value fay _ ot given set caja, Sueh a _velye is nerthey phe smallas! as the _laggest value bub 3) js of numbes whose | value is ae in the middle on the | gaa! for edltan —an___oWveserge _j Freqrs andy | aefemeal eS (seal aa —endaey or_cen/ral valu | eames of centenl Jendan devs ds. | MH denelanoy af same | cohich —“Glada ends Ao clusd =| 0b jeclives of A mye fi) To facil, comparision. TS <1 Ty | 7 ) To get ome ain, luce taf chseribes pe aracteri co Hee slater archers 2 ot Goose) weange © = haul! _b fa tmelenstard Aauld be simyle Ja compul st should be basee) on all” the obser vation should be eigielly man | shoul) he cued le ot farther — 2 plate ment,989553 = Ewe | CW] aio rap uca Cow a fe7 Py OW) -unpayy (X72 (47 uray QF Mey Ley S CWE] ues 21H rw 5 © 3 r [ypoesust 240 ypsryo Frsepce —poepuay omens po fropsodal aug 20 Beng ‘Wet O80 O60 ES og © Ors Er -coora9t f+ 7 - “43 069-93 O9E~Sr—FORE- E+} _ - SO At Ca Peg ph— Pearongnp wonp boi}aera HSepraic Vere O hoti pats value repeat; vg mos a £5. &: 5 2 _ ted _ 45-55 6 sf : 5 a = aa [ge U2 ye 10. = ote = : —af of re ae alg —_ elle ltely the umd sein ages an ble | Iti alized: - ae ae ole! veal4a _: 2 9g66 a _ _— aes log Gl + lag ay + log wp na 10g Xm_/ n z leg T# log 3+ 1g 4” \_a Measuses d Opin oe |" Dis peasion ‘wnesiguges fhe “eclend, Jo ehicl, 2 “idems_ Bag | hom same —centyal value. pace seeailox a) | Dispession _ _is also _known as __scatter, Sp ax vaioton . fey ex 9.4.4, me — ——|_Hewe 2 > 5, bo a ae vapmil Gaal — | Foam mean ) a Range t= Range can be defined a5 the lite _ | and the value of. He lay Olgas) yhsex vari Mn. ae | jmelucleal in dhe oe mate . ae | mange > hiphes! value = smalles! value Che —|— | o-Misenl of soye SoS la< Guards devation = wegge amount by which — Fhe” difference from the midingDeriation \ and its oo: Aa .. Sh. | caloulate — euaetile from the olleesing — alata : - ela, 3. No ofan of : ——__ a ee le 24. — - [14,500 - 15,000 @, et IS,s00 — 16,000, ee [6,000 ~ 16,500 oF 245 = 1,500 ~1%,000 1S 259 ' —} eve = (9,500 1S 24S ; 19,500 > (8,000 4 294 — 16,000 ~ 18.500= 15,000 + 909,35 TE ; aa) Q, = 15, 205.33 Ro oe 21S G60 ATLo GE esis] — 2 o- icient of Qs s Qs- @ - Q, 74, = 1S TS - 14, 56.2) ISdES + 4 TREY) 2 (388.99 y 30,506 3.0 seL.2) : [ross] — eeloo - L- 1400 = 1600 | “1206 | 1M ela = abseavation _ 2 2 1400 2400 2 a G2 MEE + senQ, = % 3 t+ 30% of a : - > 1oso = Oo - ¥00 + 10507 108°, 900 120 a 3,4) scl . ] Oy 2995 ( akbe toatl tend af Qy +03 - Os “4 +0, +0, Oo = 450-300 —- SO +300 ft| the } Ae aveoqye— given | Mean Deviation t= The mean —olevindion is olePiyvadd ns ar |e |e deviation -fram the mean value of olafa sed adow dhe. following bt, | | £3-| ColeubJe mean cleviahion a : Hlandayd No.of cold |_noef_| fini} 1-#) | fier} experience 9 ___ person —}— —-— i sd —_| 12 months — _f | ——_4 : - — oe = OT — __ i __—_— —}|— 2 _ | 3 |. 410 5 | __46 it é 2 4 6 % 13 4 g edi 2 C490 |sdys -94951 52 ediod efas [zs 5. ede 42 ADg = €f loc -%1 Al — = 144,08 - C40— —— = 24.9 115.1 a te Vay = ef lez] gooup ed Jaufer G44 n ] g 10.4 14 4.6 — =| ea ees ae a ziven | c _ L.A ([elass is mot aiven) dl ee a + efol _| rm“Sg. | Calculate Standard dleviedian dow Phe alloy — | ‘Dege| Cleat 2 ee = wi] te \. diset Cx -3C 1 Cae 7 ¢ Dox lee) - ieerozsssss 8 Caitaao)) e400 = [FEAF | 3987-2081 | 37.66%, 4p LAs0 ~ PATE) eH. FO} MONT | Le cg U3 ~ FIT | stss. 2059) 2084.39: cok |ss0 Ott | 488. 2069 S104 ae qo-s gios0 | 99.83 | 521.2051) 2060, | go - U3 $2.43 | ©304,2089) 386814 | qo -| 10. S00. 122-83 | 1508. 209} | 301th; | ‘ .9097|_ 259 | +4600 | 142-93) 2asto.20x7| t5e%c1/ Etloi | 2 (tie |e _ 2 | 1t26¢3.5 z _ | __y _ #30 |e teecule de__Avexage aA seam Auge} fii | toc =z) | lo 450 24,3 | 243 t $25 14.3 {214.5 2 16 25° __ 4,3 e 22.50 S2 LZ 1020 Int3. | Coleulale —sdanclemal —dlevialion - fe = [eFlt fofedi \* a J OT > /455 _f1g5\* L950 930) —| —. Lazo By — 60.) i levretiar f Zt A : / Teeny. 2 re i sual tdi, 40s 300 “3 A150° - G00Compute No.of sub. smecin= [495 54 \f ‘ 110 oe - _—_ydte b4t Ff 1.948t = 619 St xo =_y¥) Partition Value > Moments [ax]: Nomends ave wed fo understond the winious charceleristics of a frequency dislabulion. eidh ly of — mamend, central tendancy. clispossion, & hurbsis of a “dsbildlon can be shidied ase specialised averages. The averqye off ; viatiom of the —_abservations foam thet mean lis call the fing} + central - moment. “il ilasl the average of. squares of deviation of Te ale fyom — their mean — is called | sewnd - cenleal manent. b — Similarly. the ~queryye of Pace of deviahion of the obseavation fram —e mean is called gaged =< _centeal - mame: - “W ae _cire__ghver 1) observation ef a nendom x then is central — moment 9 variable define 05.| fox a dis. wiz ple foaquency distribution She ony 2 womens x central ee = Alaa) 4 Nn. i central moment >}, = ehil& +&) - N [a cael camomad a ig EST — Al aa evdval es moment = He 2 es F pment Le aIe ampuse the tins} dou cond] } moments. tram y | the do llocoing dota. = [ye 2 2.8.10, 16, 00, eee L _ . xi (x, -5)| Cay -e)* (0g, -@) | Cx - %)| aka: | Bind fiast aire “cent ea ~ fom {blow (ati =A) | 106 -A| #0 A Ys ~All -£ -93 | 44 2 0 a0) -2 ~40 oO | oOo a 20 2(ental Moments by - Using na a - 0 ete = ——— Ho —=to - (4g) — se 0g | : x7 - 0.159 = ~ ion 3 a _—_—— Te ' ry!) |, = Wy > ae A) Hs = -6.5¢ 7 X38) (6 3 — _ + 9(H,) — —, — = 1.39) + 9 (-0.31): _ 4 [Ay 2 eCti ca) = 164 = 199.9 Nv | —— Ne Ha a LH Ho > Hy Ay). = log - €0.4) 2 es "Hy ~ 3Hy Ay? + 9H, ) \ 6.3 _- ato.4)Go.4) + Ae en 6.3 + 19.4% # - 0.198 ihe ie | = 14,152 - na Hl = te (Hy) + 6X: = Cal, = 499. - 4(6.a)l-0-4) + athe ad 2 + 10.55 + 1.194 - 0.0768 _ 913, Fath eeeH. = HAs -CAy) = 10.4 - (-0-4) : ee s _ a ~ 6.3 - 3(0-4)C0-4) + 9(~0-4) i = 6.5 459.4% @ OIG - 19,159 ___}—_—_————+—__ nv oF ener ee Hy ~ Ha > 4H) + 62 Uti) = 30 | = 419.8 - 4(eg)l-0-4) + 6li0.6) C04) ~ (2399.9 + 10.99 + 1.794 - 0.0768 2 93 S82ee he _ahich Type bsevad inn ane tibet a gent [ieee le 3 2 Po 23 7 [ OY 20 Ce} Plady feurtic —cugve Yay Y, 40 =)| Use of moments for meeisunin: _| Kurdosis— skewness . “y—lisdoi budion 2 Tg iis tad tna pak “aheal vamp | AL ~ Frequency olistoibudion, cota i ng Pa nem aea hog ~centoal el Zex0 tof. oy alistoibution 1's _O, | The ee ee fas He he) dee / a _the variance | the —aiis}ibuti Lown, |The fies) fous codvel aoa) me a olisIyibutios, = laze used Jo fincl skewness cme! Kusdosi's Sheoness = 6, = Aa — Ay Kurtosi =«fo =Hs ye Using thés measuaes the eo =H iccnt of V4 ~ of bice _ pj aan t, = Pp =3 eu Tina _symmedoica) Distaihuliorr, SJewnass is Zeno | Py 20. "=, calculation Ay 4%, i positive € | Ale, being variance Ap is also _posidive Hence, B hile. i. nin Pha sign of shawn “te — oe 22 pegs ta kerr ot the gna —ea. Fined tins ) fous ee moments les the follow observation and also finds the vahias 0 Ps, 2, %s,%0, Hs, Ho, Hy, Ha? é eT A2, 13,17, 18, 20 i fcc: | Gy ea] ese P [cei ey] tg a 2 -4 (6 - 04 ase j (3 ato q -2F sl j ca 1 i 1 ( j | _1s _ 2 4 s (6 | | 90 a 16 64 gs6 | HO Of Ente gt { xe em 2 50 [acl a2 Py = cts - 63.6) RD —_—_——_ o Ay Gay tye Ol66 / fy = Ja 2 (22 = 22, nT a As (9.2) 34. 64, — Yo: Pp 24.4639 = 9 2 15857 tt= ale “A _ Ts = 14 4 | et § - ———— - 4 ag = - 1.4 = (-0.1) LO 21.4 - 9.01 ae = ADD le : oe ade lide aC), 7 = Ay - 445 Cth) > 6 CY aC), 2 6.6 -4(-0.4)(-0.1) + 6ln4) (0.1) =aboil 6 - 0.l6 + 0.0%4 - 2.0003 Ce S234] 15 HS t Py psitive shew — 34 is phsi ve) + _ seen uae Hy: “2(0.018) . 9.000324 é al Ay a a Casey'Gace | Cori adc -an hic: - a go | -ts | -co | 400 | -15,s00 209s 100 -10 -100 1000 | -10,000!-4 99 ype goo | ~ 5 | - 100 | 500 |-2500 | 259 430 | ° o. 7 2 e A s 30 400 | 2000 10.00 3¢0.| 10 rg0 | 1200 | r20ee | J.2000 4o| 1s_| 30] aso | 6450 |sor95 yy] 0 | -30 |4450 | -sare shesCa al 09 svo a 0 ,000- | ~~ — > ee ‘one os = 30) 9c? $0,000 SSE SO = 3644.50) (0:5) 4 20.37 goooo| |, “S250 40.05 #- 0.9.04 . [la SOBe ~ eS Tal ite maT ja [a [a 3 fs Va _ 2 3 6 S =6 | 12 3 {or | - | “#] 4 ata] 2o | so | O| ag o L 60 l pee ay. 6 4 | 94 Dy _3 16 _\¢4 ' u_| 3 a | st So| 23 3 13 33 [ Re eticd . ony 2 426 nm SO eters) Ger) aa 20.96 WV. so Wo = efi ltr-A) os 53 2 1.66 W 0 Ho = ati l& ~A) = 6F = 1.34 WV sO a Hy. eft (Si -A) 2 455g, as 1 —oo iw en : = eS A fe = l¢e . (0.96) ee EES POO nn I@ oa) ee 3C 3.66) (0.96) + 2Co.26) oo = 1.2949 + 0.0 152 . fe a AC a2 oee) 2 eC ree le.26) = 3/0.26)" = S.1- 4.89 36+ 0.643776 - 0.0134 * Me = 3,36 5198 $649 As 2 £.365U4 2 _ 2 - By, = OG) = (0.08032). 906451 = 0.00.16 O° (4.5924 4.0877 — By - Ae = 9.36597, . 836597 = 3.9973. (Hey (4.5924) © 2.5354 = ee oc Io bg - 3 2 3.2999 -