VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA
ANUPPANADI, MADURAI-625009
AISSCE-2024
PHYSICS PROJECT
To Study The Factor On Which The Self
Inductance Of A Coil Depends By Observing The
Effect Of The Coil, When Put In Series With A
Resistor/(Bulb) In A Circuit Fed Up An A.C.
Source Of Adjustable Frequency.
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
2023-2024
VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA, ANUPPANADI
PHYSICS PROJECT
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this is the bonafied record of project work
done by Mr. T.Sabari petchi raja of grade XII during the
academic year 2023-2024.
Submitted for AISSCE PHYSCIS Practical
Examination held on / / at Velammal Vidyalaya,
Anuppanadi, Madurai District.
Date:
PRINCIPAL INTERNAL EXTERNAL
EXAMINER EXAMINER
S.NO CONTENT INSIDE
1 Acknowledgement
2 Introduction
3 Aim
4 Factors Affecting
5 Apparatus Required
6 Theory
7 Circuit Diagram
8 Procedure
9 Observation
10 Result
11 Precaution
12 Source Of Error
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
First of all we thank our beloved parents for
providing us the opportunity to study in Velammal Vidyalaya,
Anuppanadi.
We thank our beloved Director Sri. M.v.M SASIKUMAR
for being our motivational force for the completion of this
project.
We thank our Principal Mr. S. BALAMURUGAN and
Vice Principal Mrs. ANITHA ARAVINDH for their
exceptional support.
We thank our Physcis Teacher Mrs. ANURADHA for
encouraging and guiding us to complete this project.
Last but not the least I thank all my friends who helped me in
the completion of this project.
SELF INDUCTANCE:
Self inductance is the property of the
current carrying coil that resists or opposes the
change of current flowing through it. This occurs
mainly due to the self induced emf produced in
the coil itself. It is a type of electromagnetic
induction measured in Henry.
USES OF SELF INDUCTANCE:
The major function of an inducer is to
store electrical energy in the form of a magnetic
field. Inductors are used in the following ways:
Tuning Circuits
Sensors
Store Energy
Induction motors
Transformers
Filters
Chokes
Ferrite bead
WHAT IS SELF-INDUCTANCE:
When an electric current is passed through an
insulated conducting coil, it gives rise to a
magnetic field in the coil so that the coil itself
behaves like a magnet.
The magnetic flux produced by the current in
the coil is linked with the coil itself.
As the strength of the current in the coil is
changed, the flux linked with the coil also
changes. Under such circumstances an emf is
induced in the coil too. Such emf is called a
self induced emf and this phenomenon is
known as self induction.
APLICATIONS OF SELF INDUCTANCE:
There are many applications of self
inductance, one of the major ones being a tesla coil;
A tesla coil is a radio frequency
oscillator that drives the air-core double-tuned
resonant transformer to produce high voltages
with low currents. Where the electronic oscillator
is a device that produces electrical signals of either
a sine wave or a square wave.
AIM:
To study the factor on which the self
inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect
of this coil, when put in a series with a resistor
(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of
adjustable frequency.
FACTORS ARE:
There are four basic factors of inductor
construction determining the amount of
inductance created. These factors all indicate
inductance by affecting how much magnetic field
force (current through the inductor’s wire coil.
Following are the factors affecting inductance:
Number of turns in the coil
Coil area
Coil length
Core material
APARATUS REǪUIRED:
A coil of large turns
A.C. source of adjustable frequency
An electrical bulb
A.C. ammeter pf suitable range rheostat
A soft iron rod
One way key
Connecting wires
THEORY:
Self inductance is the property of a
coil which opposes the change through it.
The self inductance of a coil (long solenoid)
is;
µ0µ𝑟𝑁2𝐴
𝐿= 𝑙
µ𝑟-relative magnetic permeability of magnetic
material µ𝑟= µ
µ0
A->Area of cross section of solenoid
N->Total number of turns in
solenoid L->Length of solenoid
Hence the self inductance depends upon:
No. of turns(N), {𝐿 𝛼 𝑁2}
1
Geometry of coil, {𝐿 𝛼 𝐴} {𝐿 𝛼 }
𝑙
Nature of core material, {𝐿 𝛼 𝜇}
When an inductor is connected in series with a
resistor (bulb) with a variable source of frequency
then current flowing in the bulb is:
𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑍
Z=>Impedance of the A.C. circuit
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝜔2𝐿2
R=>Resistance of the bulb
L=>Self inductance of coil
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓=>Angular frequency of A.C. source
The brightness of bulb(i.e., Heat generated in
the bulb) is;
𝐻 = 𝐼2𝑟𝑚 𝑍𝑡
� 2
� = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑃=
𝑡
2
𝑃 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚 √ 𝑅 2 + 𝜔 2 𝐿2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
Make all the connections as shown in the
circuit diagram.
Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the
current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor. ( 𝑅ℎ )
Record the current in A.C. ammeter and see
the brightness of bulb.
Now, put the soft iron inside the conductor
core and record the current in A.C. ammeter
and again check the brightness of bulb. The
current and brightness both decreases.
Now, switch off the supply and decrease the
frequency of A.C. source (say 50Hz).
Again switch on the supply and adjust the
current in the circuit at same constant
voltage 6V by using the rheostat. Note the
current in ammeter and brightness of bulb.
The current and brightness both will
increase.
Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil and
note the current and brightness. The current
and brightness both decreases.
Repeat the steps for different frequency of
A.C. source.
OBSERVATIONS:
Least count of ammeter=0.05 A
Zero error of ammeter=0 A
Range of ammeter=0-5 A
S.NO Frequency of Current in Current in
applied voltage ammeter without ammeter with
(Hz) iron rod in coil iron rod in coil
(A) (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
RESULT:
The current in the circuit decreases on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage and
brightness of bulb decreases and vice versa.
The current in the circuit increases on
decrease the frequency of applied voltage
and vice versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.
PRECAUTIONS:
The coil should have large number of turns.
Current should be passed for a small time
to avoid the heating effect.
SOURCE OF ERRORS:
The resistance of circuit may increase slightly
due to heating effect of current.
There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.
