1. Which is NOT a pyrimidine bane?

A, cytosine B. thymine
C. guanine D. uracil

2. What is the most abundant blomolecule on earth?

A. carbohydrates B. lipida
C. proteins D. nucleic acida

3. Which of the following shows correct pairing?

A. FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide
B. ATP - adenine triphosphate
C. CoA - cofactor A
D. NAD - nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide

4. Which complex catalyzes the oxidation of reduced

Coenzyme Q?
A. Complex 1 C. Complex Ill
B. Complex lI P. Complex IV

5. Xylose is also known as

A. Blood sugar
B. DNA sugar
C. Brain sugar
D. Wood sugar

6. Which is a structural protein?

A. collagen C. hemoglobin
B. ferritin D. actin

7. How many known essential vitamins are there?

A. 10 C., 12
B. 11 D. 13

8. What sex hormone is responsible for the development of

female secondary characteristics at the onset of puberty,
regulation of menstrual cycle, and stimulates the
development of mammary glands during pregnancy?
A. progesterone
C. a n d r o g e n
В. estrogen
D. progestin

9. How many molecules of ATP are synthesized from ADP

via glycolysis of a single molecule of hexose?
A. 2
B. B . 4
C. C. 6
D. D. 8
10. W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g is a n e s s e n t i a l a m i n o a c i d ?
A. asparagine
C. lysine
[Link]
B. alanine

11. These are the fates of pyruvate except -

A. oxidation to acetyl CoA
B. oxidation to oxaloacetate
C. reduction to lactate
D. reduction to alcohol

12. In the isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate from

2-phosphoglycerate, what carbons are involved in the
migration of the phosphate group?
A. from C3 to C2
B. from C2 to C3
C. from Cl to C3
D. from to C2 to C1

13. Vitamin A is also known as

A. retinol
B . biotin
C. thiamine
D. ascorbic acid

14. You went into the grocery store to buy cookinz cil.
Upon checking the nutritional content of the product, you
observed that saturated fat is much higher compared to
monounsaturated fats. What is the effect of high saburates
fat on our health?
A. decrease LDL
B. increase risk of heart disease
C. C. decrease risk of cancer
D. D. increase HDL

15. It is caused by excessively high blood cholesterol

levels, a form of cardiovascular discase characterized by
the buildup of plaque along the inner walls of arteries.
A. T a y - S a c h s d i s e a s e
C. leukemia
B. Gaucher discase
B. atherosclerosis
16. Which process is shown in the diagram?
- Coding strand
03191
RNA
- Template strand
A. replication
B. transcription
C. translation
D. post-translation

17. It is a cholesterol derivative that functions as a

lipid-emulsifying agent in the aqueous environment of the
digestive tract.
A. bile acid
B. steroid
C. mineralocorticoid
D. glucocorticoid

18. What does the diagram illustrate?

Allas
R - C - 0 • HS-CoA
AIP AMP
→ R-C-S-CoA
Let CaN
A. beta oxidation
B. fatty acid transport
C. fatty acid activation
D. chain cleavage

19. All enzymes are proteins. Enzymes are monomeric

unit of proteins.
A. B o t h s t a t e m e n t s a r e c o r r e c t .
B. Both s t a t e m e n t s a r e incorrect.
C. Only the 1* statement is correct.
D. Only the 2'* statement is correct.

20. It is any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme.

a. coenzyme
b. s u b a t r a t e
C. product
D. regulator

21. The following are fat-soluble vitamins except _

A. vitamin C C. vitamin D
B. vitamin E D. vitamin A
22. Which best describes polysaccharides?
A. contain 3 to 10 sugar units
B. 3, the simplest sugar unit
C. 2 sugar units joined by a glycosidic bond
D. considered as non-sugar

organs and tissues?

a. transferrin
b. white blood cell
e. hemoglobin
D. insulin

25. Which enzyme regulates the glycolytic pathway?

[Link]
C. pyruvate kinase
B‹ phosphoructokinase
D. all of the above

26. These are glycerides in butter.

A. palmitic acid
C. butyric acid
B. lauric acid
D. myristic acid

27. What best describes an isoelectric point of a molecule?

1. The molecule carries a net positive charge.
2. The molecule carries a net negative charge.
3. The molecule has the highest solubility.
4. The molecule has a net charge of zero.

28. Which amino acid has a polar neutral R group?

A. Tyr
B. Glu
C. His
D. le

29. What results from the massive mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissues?
a. hyperglycemia
b. dyslipidemia
c. ketosis
d. diabetes

37. Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is correct?

a. The glycolytic pathway is cyclic.
b. It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
c. Molecular oxygen is not needed.
d. Acetyl-CoA is the end-product.

38. Which unwinds the parental double helix in replication?

a. primase
b. ligase
c. polymerase
d. helicase

39. A patient was admitted to the hospital due to organophosphate poisoning. The doctor immediately gave antidote
to try to combat the said phenomenon but was unable to reverse the effect of the poisoning. What was the type of
inhibition happening during the admission of your patient?
a. competitive
 b. noncompetitive
c. irreversible
d. allosteric

40. Which fatty acid is considered as GOOD fat? monounsaturated fats

A. monounsaturated fats
B. polyunsaturated fats
C. saturated fats
D. both A & B

41. An enzyme catalyzing the rearrangement of atomic grouping without changing the molecular weight or formula of
a compound is
A. oxidoreductase
B. isomerase
C. ligase
D. transferase

42. A peptide that regulates uterine contraction and lactation is

A. vasopressin
В. Oxytocin
C. enkephalin
E. glutathione

43. The overall process of glycolysis converts a 6-C

molecule into
a. one 3-C molecules
b. three 2-C molecules
c. a different 6-C molecule
d. .two 3-C molecules
e.
44. This is the condition that occurs when there is excess bilirubin in the blood.
a. phenylketonuria
b. histidinemia
c. jaundice
d. black eye

45. This is an unbranched polymer containing monomer units of phosphates, pentoses, and nitrogenous bases.
A. carbohydrates
C. proteins
B. fatty acids
D. nucleic acids

46. Among the amino acids present in the mammalian cells, which occupies prime position?
A. glutamate
C. aspartate
B. alanine
D. glutamine

47. Fats are predominated by saturated fatty acids. Oils have lower melting point.
a. Only statement 1 is correct.
b. Only statement 2 is correct
c. Both statements are correct.
d. Both statements are wrong.
48. What is the total number of ATP molecules produced in cellular respiration?
A.30
B. 32
C. 34
D.36

49. In the formation of mRNA, which ones are cut out?

A. introns
C. snRNA
B. exons
D. spliceosome

50. In which step of glycolysis is NADH produced?

A. Step 4
B. Step 6
C. Step 8
D. Step 10

51. The breakdown of triglycerides by lipases is under hormonal control of these except
A. epinephrine
C. progesterone
B. glucagon
D. insulin

52. It is the sum of all the chemical reactions in a living organism.

A. hydrolysis
C. respiration
B. metabolism
D. digestion

53. In transcription, a deoxyribose is incorporated in the backbone of the strand.

Intranscription, the precursor for mRNA is a spliceosome.
a. Only the 1" statement is correct.
b. Only the 2? statement is correct.
c. Both statements are correct.
d. Both statements are wrong.
54. It is a bioactive estrogen which is known as the main pregnancy estrogen.
A. estriol
C,/ estradiol
B. estrone
D. all of the above

55. The following are factors that affect enzymatic rate of reaction except
A. temperature
C. enzyme concentration
B. pressure
D. pH

56. During oxidation and phosphorylation using inorganic phosphate in glycolysis (Step 6), what enzyme helps
catalyze Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into DHAP and GA3P?
•[Link]
C. dehydrogenase
B. isomerase
D. enolase

57. Among the 20 amino acids, how many can be synthesized by the body?
A. 5
B.10.
C. 15
D. 20

58. It is the inactive precursor of a proteolytic enzyme.

[Link]
B. proenzyme
C. A & B
D. none of the above

59. Stearic acid or octadecanoic acid is mainly used in the production of detergents. What type of fatty acid is stearic
acid?
A. trans
C. monounsaturated
B. polyunsaturated
D. saturated

60. What enzyme is secreted by pancreas that aids in the digestion of fats?
[Link]
C. creatine kinase
B. Lipase
D.. SGPT

61. What is the lipid-protein ratio that makes up the int mitochondrial membrane?
a. 50% Lipid, 50% protein
b. 80% Lipid, 20% protein
c. 20% Lipid, 80% protein
d. 70% Lipid, 30% protein
e.
62. At which stage are the protons being pumped to produce water?
A. glycolysis
C. Krebs cycle
B. formation of acetyl-CoA
D. ETC

63. D-glucose and L-glucose is an example of what stereoisomers?

[Link]
B. diastereomers
C. anomers
D. epimers
64. The original DNA sequence is written below as:
TAC - ACC - TTG - GCG - ACG - ACT
If the mutated DNA sequence is TAC - ATC - TTC GCG - ACG - ACT, what could be the mRNA transcrip the mutated
DNA sequence?
a. AUG - UUG - AAC - GGC - UGC - UGA
b. AUG - UAG - AAC - CGC - UGC - UGA
c. ACG - CAG - AAC - CGC - CGC - UGA
d. AUG - UAG - AAC - GGC - UGC – UGA

65. What is the amino acid produced in the last codon shown above?
A. Phe
B. Leu
C. Ser
D. Stop

66. How many codons are there for RNA?

A. 20
B. 23
C. 54
D. 64

67. One of these vitamins is necessary for the proper functioning of the citric acid cycle Which is it?
a. pyridoxine
C. niacin
[Link]
D. folic acid

68. In human body, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, pyruvate is converted to
a. acetyl CoA and lactate
b. lactate and ethanol
c. lactate and acetyl CoA
d. ethanol and lactate
69. Protein breakdown begins in the stomach. There are no hydrolyzing enzymes for proteins in the stomach.
a. Only the 1" statement is correct.
 b. Only the 2ed statement is correct.
c. Both statements are correct.
d. Both statements are wrong.

70. Which shows the correct sequence of steps in beta oxidation pathway?
A. 1st oxidation, 2nd oxidation, hydration, chain cleavage
B. chain ceavage, 1st oxidation, 2nd oxidation, hydration
C. chain ceavage, 1st oxidation, hydration, 2nd oxidation
D. 1st oxidation, hydration, 2nd oxidation, chain cleavage

71. The statements below are true about Gluten, EXCEPT:

a. Gluten can be separated from starch.
b. lodine solution is used to test the complete removal of starch.
c. Iodine solution is used to test the complete removal of starch.
d. After the iodine test it will result in the brown red starch complex.

72-73. If the theoretical yield of egg albumin is 160 grams, and the actual yield is 140 grams, what is percent (%)
yield?
A.87.5%
B. 100%
C. 120%
D. 140%

74. How does soaking beans in water contribute to the isolation of protein from beans?
A. it incrcascs protein content directly.
B. it aids in the removal of unwanted compounds and enhances protein extraction.
C. it prevents protein denaturation.
D. it decreases the protein solubility.
E.
75. What is the primary method for isolating egg albumin from whole eggs?
A. Neutralization
C. Precipitation
B. Filtration
D. Chromatography

76. What color change is typically observed in the Indican test when Indican is present in urine?
A. yellow
C. green
B. blue
D. orange
77. Which of the following substances is not responsible for the color of bile acids?
A. bilirubin
C. melanin
B. bilicyanin
D. choletellin

78. In the DNA extraction experiment using a banana fruit and cheek cells, salt is primarily used for which of the
following purposes?
a. to precipitate the DNA from solution
b. to neutralize the pH of the solution
c. to increase the viscosity of the solution
d. to denature the DNA strands

79. In the DNA Extraction method what was the top layer formed in the experiment?
A. Banana mixture
C. Alcohol
B. Shampoo
D. liquid soap

80. What role does water play in the isolation of gluten from wheat flour?
a. It dissolves gluten completely.
b. It hydrates gluten-forming proteins, alding in gluten development.
 c. It breaks down gluten into smaller fragments.
d. It inhibits the formation of gluten.

81. In a test for glucose (Benedict's test) for urine, if the color of the reaction mixture remains blue after heating, what
does it suggest about the presence of glucose?
a. glucose is absent in the urine,
b. glucose concentration is very high.
c. glucose concentration is moderate.
d. glucose is present but in minimal amounts.

82. What is creatinine, and why is it considered a valuable marker for kidney function?
a. sugar molecule indicating diabetes
b. a waste product from muscle metabolism excreted by the kidneys.
c. a hormone regulating blood pressure
d. a protein essential for blood clotting.
:3. Odd man out:
A. Millon's Test
C. Biuret Test
B. Hopkins-Cole Test
D. Xanthoproteic Test

84. is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of specific tide bonds/linkages.
A. Millon's Test
[Link] Test
C. Hopkins-Cole Test
D. Xanthoproteic Test

85. What is the principle involved in the isolation of gluten?

A. the gluten is partially soluble in water while starch is insoluble.
В.the starch is partially soluble in water while gluten is insoluble in water,
C. the starch and gluten is insoluble in water.
D. all statements arc wrong

86. It is a disaccharide found in cow's milk.

A. Sucrose
B. Maltose
C. Fructose
D. Lactose

87. It refers to the bond that chemically joins two or more monosaccharide molecules.
A. Glycosidic bond
[Link] bond
С.Disulfide bond
D. lonic bond

88. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.

A. Maltose
B. Sucrose
C. Lactose
D. Trehalose

89. It is a class of carbohydrate that yields many monosaccharide molecules upon hydrolysis, and these molecules
are typically of only one kind (ex: starch).
A. Monosaccharide
B. Disaccharide
C. Oligosaccharide
D. Polysaccharide
90. This test is performed to distinguish between a reducing monosaccharide and disaccharide. Thin brick red
precipitates, at the bottom or sides of the tube indicates the presence of a reducing monosaccharide.
A. Seliwanoff's test
B. Mucic acid test
C. Barfoed's test
D. Kowarsky test

91. These are the building units of proteins.

A. Amino acids
B. Monosaccharide
.[Link]
D. Lipids

92. The following are basic (positively charged) amino acids,

ЕХСЕРТ:
a. Histidine (H)
b. Lysine (K)
c. Arginine (R)
d. Aspartate (D
93. The hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the uptake of glucose into the cells.
a. Glucagon
c. Insulin
d. Glycogen
e. Glucose

94. This refers to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur throughout the body within each cell.
a. Metabolism
b. Anabolism
c. Catabolism
d. NOTA

95. During this metabolic state, food is no longer the body's source of energy and it must rely on stored glycogen.
[Link] state
[Link] state
C. Starvation state
D. AOTA

96. molecule that carries genetic information for the lopment and functioning of an organism.
A. RNA
[Link]
C. mRNA
E. tRNA

97. Enzymes increased the rate of reaction by:

a. Increasing the free energy of activation
b. Increasing the frec change of the reaction
c. Decreasing the energy of activation
d. None of the above

98. Substance generally form covalent bonds with a specific functional group in an enzyme's active site are
categorized as
a. Competitive inhibitor
b. Uncompetitive Inhibitor
c. Irreversible inhibitor
d. Noncompetitive inhibitors
e.
99. During the absorptive state, glucose levels are
-, Insulin levels are
and glucagon
levels are
a. High; low; stay the same
b. Low; low; stay the same
c. High; high; are high
d. High; high; are low

100. The postabsorptive state relies on stores of in the

A. insulin; pancreas
B. glucagon lancreas
glycogen; liver
D. glucose; liver