qs)

set c3 -4
theory
Tabular/ Roster
set builder/ Rule method

Mull set
set
Singleton
finite set
set
infinite
Equivalent
•
sets

Equal sets
subset
superset
Proper subset
Universal set
"
power set : 2 elements
Union
-
Venn -

diagram → Intersection

|* Disjoint
Difference
complement
Sy mm .

difference

→ Idempotent
Laws -
Identity
↳

|µ
commutative
Associative
Distributive
De 's lane
morgan
-

n ( AV B) = n (A) + n (B) -

n ( An B)

n LA -
B) =
n (A) -
n ( An B)
 CA ) nfu) (A)
'
n
= -
n
'

n( A '
V13
'
) = n ( AAB) =
n ( v) -
n CAD B)

n LA VBVC) =
n (A) + n (B) + n (c) -
n ( ANB) -
n ( Bnc ) - n ( CAA )

No .

of elements in exactly 2 sets :

n ( AAB) + n Ccn A) + n ( Bnc) -3h CAN Bnc)

No elements in
of exactly I set :
.

n (A) + n (B) + ncc) - 2n(An B) -

2h CBA C) -
2n (CAA) -13h ( An Bnc)

Relation & Functions 4-79 's)

Ordered elements
pair , mn

Cartesian product F) : AXB * BXA

→ A ✗ (B U c) =
(A ✗B) UCAXC)
( Bnc ) =L ) Al 1
( B- c) =
( 7 -

( )

Relation :
1%7%0
- Range main
→ Inverse
Void
Types -

Universal
-

Identity )
2mn -1

Reflexive :

Symmetric
f- Equivalence
-

Transitive

function
:¥☐pL?s
- Range
→
→ Into
Many
one one
-

-
one
C Injective)

☒ Onto (
Surjective)
Bijective
Modulus
June .

greatest int .

Smallest int .

Signum
Periodic
Inverse
of a
function :

composition :
fog / got

complex Nos .
( 3- 5g 's)

it i' + is + it -0

2.
-
atib Rec -4 ,
1m14
Equality
conjugate : (E) =
z

2+2--2 Recz)
2- I =
21m (2) i .

¥2 =
III
2522 I ,Iz
<
=

-4+5=0 (Purely img)

In)
n
=
(E)
Division : a
÷ =

12212

Modulus : 14 -
jab = 2J : 12170
121--12-1 = 1-21--1--21
1212 = zz-

121221--121.221
121-12212 191412212-12 Re (522)
=

141-2212 + 1-4-2212=2/121141221]

Argument / amplitude : 2- rcwsotisimo)

a-
arglz)
when # 011T (principal)
 )
argot
= -

angle)
(22)
arg (4+22) org (a) +
arg
=

arg ( 2^1 narglz)

=

arg (E) =
org
(a) arg GD
-

real
arg (2)
so 2-
purely "

root : aTtib=
a-
⇐ ljatta)
square "
/ \ Y law a)) -

b= we
b- the -
-

[Link] iy] -

Cube roots
of
'

unity : w, w
,
I

WE
w=
-1+1*3 -tzi#
"
ltwrtw = 0 if ¥3k
3 F- 3K
if
-
I -1 , -
W
,
- WZ
WH -11 =
w W3r+2=W2 WE 1
It w+wko

Polar
form : rccosotisino
[Link]
Euler
foom :

2 = reio
"
De Moine's
-

theorem :
Cwsotisino Cosnotisinnontz
ntn root zn=l
of unity :

z= cos
2¥ +
i5m2¥ (k=o 1,2 n
D
. - -
-

if ✗= cos + isin → GP

1+2+21-1 . . 2^-1=0
2^-4 ,
121=1
Binary Nos .
(I
-2g's)
fractional
Decimal : base __
10
-

011,2 . . - -
9 (0-0625)/0 =
( )z

Decimal
binary 0-0625×2
→ =
0-125 = 0

-21 0-125×2 0
0-25 =

cg
=

?|}|o
¥§
0-25×2
= 0
=
0-5

401011=44 ,
0-5×2 =
1
=
1

4.0001

Binary to decimal fractional :

( 0-110172 = 1×2-1-1 / ✗2- 2+0×2-3 -11×2-4
( 10010 )z =
24-121=48) , =
(0-8125) ,o

/¥2°
,

it

23

Binary Addn :
0+0=0
0+1 =
1--1-10

1+1=10

Convert and solve

sub , Div ,
Multiply :
 & C2 -5g's)
Sequence Series

AP : Tn = at Cn -
Dd
Sn -
-

E- ( 2a+ In 1) -

d) Elate)
=

Tn= Sn -
Sn-1

a- d
,
a , atd
a- 3d , a- d ,
a
,
atd , at3d : 2d
diff
.

added/ subtracted .

Ap :-) → multiplied / divided by K

An -113 Tn
→
foom
:

\ Quad . inn In

Altan = Az C- An -1 = ↳ + an 2 -

AM : a. b =

9¥
↳n AM 's a ,A , Az . . -
Anib
Am at
m¥¥
--

-1
'
arn
GP : a
, ar , ar
-1
. . .

Tn : ayn

sn=a(rr
9- ,
a ,
ar

AP cR=rL
F- F-
ar ,
a :
, , ,

lrkl
÷
Sos =
 K
multiplied / divided by
gp
/→ leg in AP

I:÷÷:*
\ a
,
b, c b2=ac

.am . .

n
GM btw , a and b : a 9,4293 . . . - b

9m=a⑤÷ ,

HP ! in HP
a , az as . . .

if
in Ap
at at ta
- - -

, ,
,

HM : bc then
2,9¥
a b-

AM > am } HM

(Crm) ! 1AM ) ( nm)

[Link]#En3--(nCn-z-DJdAaP:a(a-cd)r(a-c2d)r
Ent
En=nCn#

'
. . . .

So " '"
÷ -1¥;¥,
-
-

s .tn
; 2-151-10-117 -1 . .

Sn= 2-15-110-1 . - -
th i
- + th
t'

0=2-13--15-17 -1 - - - -
-

tr - i -

th

tn= 2
-1¥ [2.3+6-232] =n41

Sn :
Etn = Enki =

nlntDYn-D_ +n =

%( )
2h43m-17
Quadratic ( 4-79 's)
Egn / hequalities
ax 't bxtc -0 D=
_bz I 2+13=21
✓ 4
d B 213 ÷
p=-bz
=

b' fac D= tire : real roots

D= -

↳ roots
atib , a- ib
D= -
ve :
imaginary
at JJ , a- Jb

D) 0 : real & distinct

real &
D -0 :
equal
☐ co :
imaginary
a >0
Graphs :

ALO

if ax3tb✗l- cxtd -0

2+13+4 bla =
-

✗ 13+137+72=4 a

✗
By =D
/a

common roots :
9×2+4×+4=0
azxltbzxtcz -0
both roots
if common
÷=¥ £
: -

,
if I root common

bi
([Link])
a
,
9

Az be CL

(2+13)<-243
'
24ps --

4-135=4-1137-4213
'

✗ pl (2+13312-13)
- -
-

-1ps (2+1333-32134-43)
3 =
✗
3-
✗
p3= 12 p) (24213+132) -

24+134=441332 -

kopje
✗ 4-
pt Cripes B) 124134
= -

1×1 > a → ✗ E- a and ✗ Za

ix. a →
-

af✗{ a

ax4bx+c Min / Max always at ✗

=-bz
. .

Min / Max value

)y=¥a
.
=

Permutation and combinations :

( 2-39's)

n ! -
- mln 1) (n -21- . . - I 01=1
1 ! -
- l n
!=ncn -
D!
☒
n÷=nCn
21=2 -
it - -

31=6
4 ! _- 24

51=120
Fundamental principle of multiplication
fundamental principle of addition :

B G
A

permutation :
arrangement
order
(
•
)
Pr
@n÷g ?
=
: n en -
D . . . n -
ra

Npo = I

np , = n

npn = n !
^
Pn -
i = n !

circular permutation
AC and C
diff :
X-D !
!
and
(n¥
AC C Same :

Combinations : selection
order not
imp .

ncr =
Un -
r

Npr
"
=
ncrrr ! ncnco I =
=

^"
ncr =
ncrt her , -
=
Cr
r!
Mcr
n"

ng Cr
=

-
1

ncr
n÷
=

⇐
NC
✗ =
ng =) ✗= y or

✗+ y=n
Mco + NG -1 . - -

men = 2h

"
ncotncz -1 . . .
=
"
G -143-1 . . - =L
""
2h-11
co +2^+1 c , + . . .
Cn = 22h

Logarithm and its

application : ( I
-2g's)

a✗=m
logan
-
-
✗ a >0

0=11
m >0

logaa =/

toga 1--0
log [Link] laglm ) login)
=
+

log 1min ) loglm) login)

= -

logaxym 1- logan
=

logca logba
=

alogan =
n
Ina
aln ✗ =
✗
Matrices is -

sq )
's

Row

column

zero
Singleton
Square
diagonal
identity / unit
scalar
sub matrix

Upper ☐

lower D

matrix
Equal
Addn / Subtraction / Scalar Multiplication
Matrix multiplication : AB =/ BA

ACB c) =
(A B) C
AB = 0

Row c→ Column
Transpose
:

(At)
=
A

(A)
T
= [Link]
T
C- B) =
[Link]
T
(AI B) =
ATI BT

Symm / Skew symm

- .

L t
AT -_ A At A -1=0

AT)
A =

1-2 ( A -1A 'T +1-2 ( A-

minor
, cofactor
adj (A) =
transpose of cofactor matrix
adj (A)
'
A- =
1-
LAI
l '
A-
-

AA = A =
I
Determinants ( 5-
sq 's)

matrix
•

of a square
i

1 At = CAT /
•
when any new / column zero :

Two rows / columns same :

sign changes
•
K / At =
any now / column
addn
breaking along parameter
- .

'
•
no .

of element = n

I
"
-
IKA / = K 1A
-

LAB / =
IAIIBI
'

i 'T
cij =
C- 1) Mij

CT
adj (A)
'

A lady A) ( A1 In
= -
=
.

-1
1AM
lady Al
'
=

adj Cadi A) lakh-112

=

( AB)
adj adj (B) adj (A)
= -

adj CAM)
m
=
(adj A)
adj ( KA) adj (A)
'
kn
-

"
'
(A) → singular (A)
A-
# adj
=
= : a
→ Non -

singular d- I B)
"
=
'
A- I B-
I

'
B- !
-1
CABJ =
A

I A- I 1AM
'
=

Differentiation : One new / column at a time

Integration : One new / column at a time

geometrical application :
c) of D
Area

2) Collinearity of pts .

3) straight line
egn
.

Soln of Linear Egns :

.

IAI -1-0
1) Matrices : A✗=B
'
1A/ so adj (A) -13=0
✗ = A- B

=
1-adj (A) B -

adj(A) B -1-0
1 Also
-

IAI

IAI -1-0 Trivial Sohn

when
→
homogeneous :

Sohn
→ IAI =0
Infinite .

2) Cramer 's Rule :

y=D÷
Dz
z
-

✗= .

D-

DIO :
Unique
D -0 : DX by Dz all zero :
Infinite
One non -
zero : Inconsistent

when Trivial
homogeneous DX Dz all then
:
by
→

any
one non
zero :
Infinite
Binomial Theorem : ( 1-2 's)
q
net terms
→
"
anti Gamb Caan Zb Cnoib
'

@ + b)
" -

=
Co + + + - . .
.

ngan rgr
-

Try =

"
Cltx) =
lot 4×+4×2-1 - - - -
Cnxn
(I - ✗ In =
Co -
4×+12×2 . -
. -

C-1)ncnxn

middle term
(1-+1)
: n -
- even

greatest :/
odd
(¥ :# 1)
"
. +

coefficient
Find term independent of ✗ / Const .
term :

circuit ai
-41¥
-
. . - -

Rest have been discussed .

sq 's)
Trigonometry ( 5-

☐q÷=9Y÷=Ra¥÷
50 c- do __ 1

It to = seio
I + cot '0= cosec 0

Quadrant rule : ASTC

90-1-0
Whenever ,
270=10
change
10010 ,
36010 same
SCA I B) =
s (A) CCB) I B)
CCA)s(

CCA I B) =
( CA) ( (B) I SCAJSCB)
[Link] I B) =
tcA)ItCB_
IF tea)tCB)

SLA -113) 's ( A- B) = ICA) -

SYB)
=
ECB) -
EIA)

( ATB) DCA) IB)

'
(
-
CIA -
B) = -
s
' '
=
c (B) -
s / A)

2s (A) ( (B) = SLA -113) + SCA -

B)
2 [ (A) [ (B) =
CCA -113) + CCA -

B)
2s (A) s (B) = CCA -
B) -

CIA -113 )

sluts (D) 2s
( 4¥)
=

eccl CCD )
2c(c¥)c( ¥ )
+ =

eccl een
2s()s( DE)
-
=

multiple Angle formulas :

s( 2A) 251 A) CCA)

}¥fa,
= =

c ( 2A) =
C' (A) -
s
'
(A)
'
= 1- 2s (A)
=
2C'( A) -
I

[Link]#l+t'CA)tl2A)- 2,tfn?-a
=

,t?A}¥¥
t A) =3
,
>
s(3A) = 3s(Al -
4s (A)
C ( 3A ) =
4C (A)
> -
3C (A)
 SCI 5) cus) to 5)
523¥ 53¥
= = =
2- 53

SCH )
55¥ CCR
)=Jl0¥
=

( 361
55¥
=
c.

s (22-5)
J2-zJ c( 22 5)
J2z-J 1-(22-5)=52+1
= - =

.
-
tab I asino Ibcoso I tabs

particular soln .

general soln .

SCO) = SH) D= NIT + 1- Dnd

CIO ) =
( (2) 0 = 2Mt Id
tco ) = to) • =
NIT -1L

(01--542)
'
s

C' (D) c (2)

'
D= ✗
=
NITI
t lo) t (d)
' > -
-
 Inverse
Trigonometry :

sin
- '
✗ I -1,1 ] [-11-12,1172]

cosec
- '
✗ C- as ,
-1 ] Ulli d) f- 1172,1172] -
{ 0J

cos
- '
✗ C-lil ] Lout ]

see
- '
✗ C- as
,
-

Bullies ) Coin ] -
{ 1172 }

tan
- '
✗ C- as
, )
as
( -1172,1172 )
cot
- '
✗ C- 0 ,
d) ( 0,1T)

( T text )
-

. 1- =
✗

( Yx)
'
' -

•
5 (X) = cosec

Yx)
' '
c- Cx) (
-

. =
see

( Yx)
'

a> O
'
it (X)
-

cot
-
=

t
-
'
CX ) -
cot
- '
( Yx) -
IT ✗ CO

'

sin
'
Identities 11-12
- -

: ✗ + cos ✗ =

'
tan '
11-12
-

cot
-

✗ t ✗ =

' '
1172
-
-

see ✗ + cosec ✗ =

'
'
sin
'
( X)
'
C- x ) ( X)
-

sin l X)
-

IT cos
- -
-
= =
cos
- -

'
( X) lx)
'
X) l X)
'
'
l cot cot
- -

tan tan
- -
-
= -
- =
IT -

"
l )
'
( X) '
l ) -11×7
-

see X IT see
-

cosec
-
X = -

wsec - = -
 ICH
( ¥¥)
'
ly)
"
E-
-

t t
t
nycl
=

(Y¥g)
=
IT + E' xy
> I

(Eg )
'
text
'
ti
t ly) ✗ 20
-

=
7>0
-

convert in this solve

others
form and then :

sin -4=0
✗

a- ton
"¥× ,
TE

(E)
- '
O = Ws

& 's)
Height Distance Cl -2g

line of
sight
line of elevation

line of
depression
A

solution D 's
of
C b

Sinan Sind sine

- = =

B C
a

cosa
bY,{
=
-

Area =

lzabsinc =
JsG-a)ls-b
 M -
n cot theorem
C

(men) coto = not A -

mwtB
Xp

Cmtn) Coto =
mcotd -

ncotp A ° Bc
A
,
D) n
is
m

co-ordinate system and straight line 16 -

log 's)

pQ=J☒i✗~
Collinear
•

pts -

-
Isosceles ,
D

Equilateral ☐ ,

Right Ld D
-
Four pts .
in a
plane :

square
Rhombus

Rectangle
llgm
section
formula
-
:

✓ → External

(m×:"-iMñ÷)
internal

(m×¥- .ME#)
Centroid
(+✗}tiYTY})
:

incense
:( "+a÷;¥
a
,

"%%")
a

circum centre :

ortho centre :

excuse
:(%¥¥ .
-

"÷¥)
a

Locus of a
pt .

straight lines : m=tanO ⇐

(4-4) / ↳ xD
-

=/ m¥mm /
L btw lines tano
,

[Link]-by-c o-a [Link] =p

%
1¥ -9¥
'

, ,

¥÷im
'

Parallel line
slope equal m, m2
-
: : -_

÷=÷ .

1- Mim ,
= -
I
Three lines are concurrent if :

at bi 4
0
bz
=

92 Cz

93 bs G

1- distance
of a
pt .

•
=/ %¥¥ 1
line distance
from origin
:|@¥yy / ,

:/ ¥→÷ /
distance btw 11 lines
,

foot
of tr
h÷=k-÷= (%¥,1
-

image of a
pt h-÷=k÷
-2
%¥!
: =

bisector two lines

Angle of
a×+k
%F¥¥ I
=

(aitbi )Y2
aiaitbibz > 0 Obtuse = + ve

9, art bibz CO Obtuse = -

ve
 q )
Circle : C2 -3 's

b) 2=82
'
(x -
a) e ly -

✗
2+42=82

✗
2+42+25×+24 -11=0

centre : C- g , f) -
radius :Jg'
d)
Real
←
Imaginary
point
Intercept on x-axis : 2¥
7- axis : 2T¥

Concentric circle : diff of const term

only
.
.

Diametric
foom :
(✗ DCX - ✗ -

a)
✗
+4-4714-421--0

Posh pt WA Circe Seo

of a :
.
.

[Link]
5,70

Fo
Tangent eqn
:

length of tangent : JST

common chord egn : S , -52=0

Orthogonal intersection :
2g, g , +241-2=9 -1cL
Conic section :(3- 5g 's)

[Link] '

D -1-0 has a -_b e=o circle

h '=ab e= 1 parabola
hi ab e> 1
>
hyperbola
ticab eel
ellipse
h2 > ab ,atb=o reet .

hyperbola
Parabola :

p (aia) y2=4a✗ P_F_ =L

•
pm
' "
4=0
190) F( a ,o)

( a
, )
-2A

✗ =D

✗= -
a

Posn .

of apt
.
WA parabola
4--0 s, > 0 SKO

on outside inside

dltz)
pcti)
focal chord : titz= -1

'
Tangent :
ty=x+at or
y=m✗ta
Tn

m3
Normal : [Link] -
 ale

a¥ #
"
Ellipse :
.
@
[Link]) +
=L

[email protected]
[ a ,Ñ
si si
Ca ,
b2=

Sino)

Posn .

of a
pt
.
WA
ellipse :

S, -0 S, >0 Silo

on outside inside

Tangent :

¥1 +4¥
=L

Normal :
a¥ ,
-
b4
TY
= d- b2

Hyperbola :

CA
→

•
did
°
MTA
C- [Link] [ago,

(-9/0)

✗= -

ale * ale ¥ _¥
'
b4 a' le -
1)

:z÷ ¥=
en - -1
 LR
2¥
-
-

Rect 52
Hyp e-
.
:

a=b

a- y2=a2

Parametric btuno)
form :( aseco ,

Aux .
circle : ✗ 4y2=a2

Tangent :

×÷ -4¥
=/

Normal :
a¥ -1b¥ a 'tb2
=

, ,
 3D
geometry : (4-791)

PO
:J(Xz-✗iY+lyiy,Pt(7
Section formula :
→ Internal
mn¥n÷
→ external
mE:•_
P
Mid .

point :

centroid :

(+9-1) y

Direction cosine / ratios

at =mj=1
:

TFL
b- ws2

m=wsP

+
✗
n=wsy
i+m2+n2= 1 ( Dc)

line :
×¥=Y-mI 2¥
'

÷::÷÷-:÷
2
.

L btw lines :
LOSO =
44 f- Mimi -1MHz

1- if 1,1 , + mimztnipz -0

11 it '
Fm =% ,

Dc → DR
Caibic) ( limen)

¥d)Y2
t=
Plane :

axtbytcztd -- 0

origin d-
-0
:

ACX a) -
+ b(y y,)
-
+ CG -2,7=0

lxtmytnz =p Cpc of normal)

1-
1- distance from origin
(
2- +
§ +
E- =L Intercept from)

Plane through 3
pts .

|
✗ -

Xi 2- 21
y y,
-

2- ✗ i
=o
yz y ,
-
22--4
✗3- ✗ 23-21
I
yz y ,
-

(%+÷+ijk
Distance b/w two 11 planes :

btw
a¥¥¥f÷
and
a
plane a
point :

L btw line and since btw normal and line

plane : =

( :/
coplanar lines : ✗2- a yz -

y, 22-4
→

: mm .
 -124
2M✗+2vy+2W2+d=o
'
Sphere
'
: ✗+
y

centre :( u
,
-

y - W
)
%
Lakeview d)
'
radius : -

(
q )
6- O 's
LcD_
RHL =
LHL

Iim fcx) = Iim fcx)

✗ eat ✗ → a-

Hath) ta -
h)

¥ sing I
¥ a÷ ena
-
= .

Ito turf é÷
=/
=
I
✗
"

✗
In sñ =/ Ctx ? =
e

It
✗ → ton =/
lnaf logic
=

1
begC×
=

Ñ&D?
L
Hopital 's rule :
G- ,
O_O form
: diff .
both

Continuity :

L
f-(a) =
RN =
LAL

£
Differentiability : RHD =
LAD

RAD -1 It flcth) -
f- (c)

[Link]#n-t "
 modulus
-

Trigo ,
inverse
trigo , tag exponential
,
,

-
all continuous

At
polynomial June continuous
•

's)
Differentiation : C 3-6
q

-1
✗
^
→ nxn
lnx
f-
=

toga ✗
Ega
=

ax
ax
toga
=

ex = ex

sinx = cosx

cosx = -
sinx

tanx = see '✗

see ✗ =
see ✗ -
tanx

[Link]/-xcotx---wsee'
co see ✗ = -

✗
' '
sin
=g¥
-

✗
-

✗ = -

cos

' '
tan
-

wt 1-
-

✗ = - ✗ =

2
/ c-✗
' '
1-
-

see ✗ = -
wseé ✗ =

1×4×7

Chain rule :

Imp -
substitution : aw e-
/
asino awso
a 4×2 ✗ = atdno

jaa¥
✗ =
a cosine

✗
2- a
2
O
✗ = a see
A0D_ (3-4
q 's)

¥ _d¥
Normal
Tangent : ?

¥÷=d£ , ¥¥=-¥y
Orthogonal curve : mime -1

Str Inc
June dig > Str Dec
june
. .
.
o .
. . ↳

Inc
June dig Dee
fine
.
a- 0
zo
.
.

Monotonic
function
maxima /Minima ,

I →
d÷=o I.
:÷• ¥ .
"

critical pts .

Point
of injection :

d÷f=o
Rollers theorem : cont .

Laib ]
Caib)
diff .

✗ a) =fCb)

LMVT : fl (c) =
+1b¥
b- a
Indefinite Integral : (3 -4g 's)

Sdx =
✗

St =

log 1×1
fax =
±
toga
fwsx = sinx

fsinx = Nsx

sxn =

fex = ex

fseex . turn =
seex

fwseex =
-
wsee -
✗ wt -
✗

Sseix =
tanx

fwseeex = -
wtx

fg¥
'
Ix
-

sin
-

=
✗ = -
cos

tan
'
wt H
-

f ,¥
-

=
✗
-

-
' '
cosa ✗
-

see
f
= ✗ = -

Stone =
loglseexl
Swtx kind
log
-
-

S see ✗ =

log / see ✗ tunnel

+

fusee ✗ =

log / wseex wtxl -

 Integration by substitution:

Imp formulas
-

d✗_
Iatan (Ia)
"
=

a'+ ✗
~

1¥ ¥191: I

×÷ # log 11¥ /
=

¥÷
sin
=

-1¥

[Link]/*I-a. -tog1x-JFai1xfE-. 1aseic:-)Ja#=x-zJa-xeaIs'

/✗
g¥¥ log
= +

MY:-)
Joint
[Link]
=
By parts :

ffcxtgcxdx K✗)fgC✗7d✗ ☒ G)fgfxldx)

'
= -
.d✗

ILATE Rule :

Jexffcx )+f"✗)) DX = e×H✗) -1C

linear ( quad '+c

hqñua%- =) =

Definite Integral : G- sq's)

§H✗)d✗= feb) -
Ffa)
A b a

Sa §
=
-

a a

ffla -✗)d✗
g§fC✗)= °
C
b

{ few .dx= SHH + SAN

2A Aa e
a

Stela
Sofexldx
=
SHH + -
x )
0
0

bffex) =
bffeatb -
x )d✗
a a

-
fHx7d✗
a
=
i
2SH✗7d✗ even --ff✗)

0 odd
2A

{ fcx)d✗ 0 face ✗ 7=11×1

= - -

:
2511×7 tea x ) __fC✗)
-
Periodic rule :
fC✗tT)=fx)
NT T

§HNd✗= nftexdx
O
b b

ft Egcx) then .

JANE fgcx)
a
a

1172

fiogsinx)d✗= E- ME )
b{ [Link] =
(b- a) §f( Cb -
a) ✗ + a) dx
o
atnt

f 4×7 =
riffed
a 0

mÑf✗)
NT

Sfex ) =
(
n -

0
MT
"

atgnt =
step
b
bent

Newton leibnitz theorem :

hct)

[ Jfcxtdx] f- ( Ht)) tilt [Link])

-

get)

Area under curve :

a b

bgafcxtdx { ✗ 7- gcxl
)d✗ { fly) -

dy
 ex

@ it ✗
e-

1×1
UP at

Differential eqn
:
(4-591)

Order

Degree

Formation DE :
of

separab~[Link]#jCHX4dy--(ltyYdx
Soln .

of DE :
d
variable
variable separable

defy -
. see City) homogeneous
put y=vx
dd→=v+×dÉ
I. :¥¥;÷ ÷ :-,
=

and solve
Then put : axe by u
- .
-
LDE

%- +
Px =p
SPd✗
IF =
e

yd F) =

f QQ F) DX
Bernoulli Egn :
"

day Py Oy
-

+
-

y¥
-
- t

"

d¥ = C- my
-1¥
,

'jI-¥
=

Imp patterns
.

dx
dcxty ) = +
dy
day) =
✗
dy +
ydx
d
(f) =

✗dy-*yd✗_
dllegxyl
xdytgydx
=

×dy×¥y&✗_
dltan
f)
- '
=
Vector
Algebra A

> >
Triangle law :
B > c

B. ATAC __ BC

of -_

xityj
/ OP / =(✗4yYY2

similar to
very 3D

section
formulae
→ Internal mmanfnnts
→ external

m:÷
Product : Scalar vector

a- b-
Iallblwso a✗b= / allblsinoñ
a. b= b- a

a. ( btc) =
abtac axb= -
bxa

aint aijta, I a
axlbtc )= axbtaxc

bit tbijtbsk

aibitarbztazbs

cost

a-blal [Link]?:!j:i -i-i+biM

-_

area
of Hgm= laxbl →
tzldixdz /
☐
of area lzlaxbl__

+ to vector

9b=±h¥÷)
Scalar Triple product

a. b(✗ c) =
@ D. a ✗

cab c) =
( bca ) =/ cab]
[ bae] [Cba]
b
-
=
-
=

volume
of llopieped
STP is zero [ abc]
if
=
0

VTP

axcbxc) =
@ c)b- (a.b) c

coplanar with b and c

a✗b(✗ c) =/ @ ✗b) ✗c

16-8
q )
statistics 's

Rt
4¥ ✗ 100.1
=
.

pic 0
¥
: :

✗ 360
,

Measure of CT :

AM
:) NitMt--Nn_ 2) I = At
f- Edi
weighted
meal
w%IYI¥
:
 [Link]
combined mean :

.
. . .
✗n )Yn

logan =niog§¥n÷G2
combined 9m →

Harmonic Mean : HM =
D-
¥-1
. . -

In
median :
1) Asc / Desc order

n - even
A- odd

(E) th obs .

(E) + (2-+1)
2-

Mode : max no
of limes repeated obs
.
. .

Mode = 3 Median -
2 Mean

'k
sD=r=
µ { Cx -

if
Var = r2

'

Vare =
ECXY -

Lee xD
coeff of dispersion E-
.
=

coefg of variation
F- ✗
=
too
.
 rcxiy ) )
w¥f÷Y
Covariance : :

( covcxiy )
correlation

EX F)
coefficient
(y Y)
In
= - -

In Exiyi -

IT

=)
of Regression
ya_¥_=rr¥
Line : LOR of Yon ✗

reg coejf of y
on ✗
. .

byx=rr¥=wv¥÷
Probability ( 8-10
q 's)

Event

Sample Space
event
Equally likely
Exhaustive events
exclusive events
mutually
complementary event
Independent event plan B) =p (A) PlB)
:

p (e) t p (E) =/

Odds in
favor of
A
PpY¥
=

Odds
against of A =
PLAT
p (A)

Neldn theorem :

PCAU B) =P (A) + p( B) -
plan B)
exclusive
mutually :

PCAU B) =P / A) tP( B)

)
Plp pgB
Condn .
Prob : PCA/ B) =

Plan B) =P (B) PCA / B)

Multiplication theorem :
=p (A) PCB /A)

Total Bob .
theorem :
P (A) =
PLED PIA /ED t PCE2) PCA/ Ez ) + . - - . .
 Baye 's Theorem :

PCEI / A) =
p(Ei)P(AEi)_
E RED Plate ;)

Binomial distribution : Toss

of a coin

1- p
p q=

nc✗p×qn
-
✗
PCX : n
,p)=

✗ a
Blimp? ptq -4
Ecx) I
np
= =

Varix) =
npq
SDK)
'k
=
(npq)