RIGGING

HARDWARE

• This chapter provides requirements for rigging accessories

used in hoisting and rigging –
ƒ shackles, eyebolts,
ƒ links turnbuckles
ƒ rings, swivels,
ƒ wire-rope clips,
ƒ rigging hooks,

• According to the requirements of ANSI/ASME B30.26,

“Rigging Hardware”
9American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
9The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME).

1
rigging accessories used in hoisting and rigging –
shackles, eyebolts, eye nuts, links, rings, wire-rope
clips, turnbuckles, rigging hooks.
According to ANSI/ASME B30.26,

HOOK SHACKLE EYE BOLT HOIST RING

٣ MASTER LINK TURN BUCKLE BLOCK

Shackles

2
.

Crown Bolt Type Anchor Shackles

Pin Damaged

Shackles

Screw Pins

٦ Worn Shackle Shackle With Screw Pin

3
 SHACKLES

SCREW PIN BOLT TYPE

ROUND PIN USE WHEN USE IN
DO NOT SIDE LOAD, PICKING AND PERMANENT OR
DO NOT USE AS A PLACING A LONG-TERM
COLLECTOR RING, LOAD, TIGHTEN INSTALLATIONS,
ALWAYS USE PIN PRIOR TO ALWAYS USE NUT
COTTER PIN EACH LIFT AND COTTER

Shackle Types

4
Screw pin Shackles

Shackles
Side Loading Reduction and Strength Efficiency
Values (For Screw Pin and Bolt-Type Shackles Only)

5
BOLT TYPE SHACKLES

Use bolt type

Shackles when a
permanent or long term
connection

use screw pin shackles

when it will be a
temporary connection

SCREW PIN SHACKLES

PIN SECURITY

STOP

6
 Shackle as a
Collector ring

Use only screw pin

And bolt type INCLUDED
Shackles as collector ANGLE
120O MAXIMUM

Orientate shackle
So pin is up
And bow is down

CONNECTION OF SLINGS
TO SHACKLES
STOP

7
 SPECIAL SHACKLES

Synthetic
sling WIDE BODY
saver SHACKLES
shackles

SHACKLE
ORIENTATION

Do not
STOP
allow
sloppy
rigging

8
 SHACKLE ALIGNMENT

PROPER
ALIGNMENT

STOP

INCORRECT
ALIGNMENT

SHACKLES AND LINKS

Use shackles to
connect to link
and rings

9
 Inspection

Typical Shackle Inspection Points

10
 PRE-USE INSPECTIONS

Replace shackles worn in the crown or the pin by more than 10% of the original diameter.

Shackles Inspection

VAbsence of capacity or
identifying marks
VBent or distorted pin
and/or body wear 10%

VNicks, gouges or cracks pin

distortion
V Heat or chemical damage

V Body spread
VReduction in diameter of spread
shoulder
pin and/or body greater flush
than 10%
.
22

11
 INCORRECT

CORRECT
USAGE

IF THE LOAD SHIFTS THE SLING

WILL UNSCREW THE SHACKLE PIN 23

CORRECT
HOOK
LOADING

INCORRECT
HOOK LOADING 24

12
NEVER
REPLACE
A SHACKLE
PIN WITH A
BOLT

25

PACKING

CORRECT
INCORRECT 26

13
All shackles used in
the derrick/mast should
be of the nut and bolt
type secured with a
safety pin of the
correct size. SWL and
ID number should be
clearly visible.

27

28

14
 ‫‪29‬‬

‫؟‬
‫؟‬ ‫؟‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 REMOVAL CRITERIA
a. Shackles shall be removed from service if damage such
as the following is visible, and shall only be returned to
service when approved by a qualified person:
1. Missing or illegible manufacturer’s name or trademark
and/or rated load identification.
2. Indications of heat damage including welding spatter or
arc strikes.
3. Excessive pitting or corrosion
4. Bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked,
or broken load-bearing components
5. Excessive nicks

6. A 10% reduction of the original or catalog dimension

at any point around the body or pin.
7. Incomplete pin engagement.
8. Excessive thread damage.
9. Evidence of unauthorized welding.
10. Other conditions, including visible damage, that
cause doubt as to the continued use of the shackle.

16
 Hooks

Hooks
Hooks are to be inspected before using to see if any
cracks, nicks, or cuts are seen. Look for any trouble with
the latch, any wear in the bowl of the hook or a bend in the
hook.
Latch Bowl

Grab Hook Sorting Hook Sliding Eye Hook Shank Hook Clevis Choker
Choker

٣٤

17
 SAFETY HOOK

PIPE HOOK

THE INCLUDED ANGLE

HOIST HOOKS

The slings must sit in the base of

the hook and clear of the latch.

The working load limit 45O 45O

Is valid for a single
Leg or multiple legs
As long as included INCLUDED ANGLE
Angle does not 90O MAXIMUM
Exceed 90 degrees.

18
 THE INCLUDED ANGLE
HOIST HOOKS

STOP

INCLUDED ANGLE IS GREATER THAN

THE 90O MAXIMUM ALLOWED

FOULING OF LATCH

STOP

CORRECT! INCORRECT!
SLING IN BASE OF HOOK SLING FOULED ON LATCH

19
 HOOKS
IMPROPER LOADING STOP

DO NOT
TIP LOAD, SIDE LOAD OR BACK LOAD
HOIST HOOKS

SWIVELING HOOKS

CROSBY S-326A S-6 S-322

BULLARD SHUR-LOC SWIVEL SWIVEL
HOOK HOOK
WITH BEARINGS

20
 Hook Inspection
Hooks must be removed from service when any of the following
conditions exist:

• Cracks, nicks or gouges.

• Twist exceeding 10° from plane of unbent hook.
• Latch engagement, damage or malfunction.
• Throat opening exceeding 15%.
• Wear exceeding 10% of original dimension.
.
• Damage from heat. ‐ • Unauthorized repairs.

‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

21
 Pre- use
Inspection

DO NOT USE A
OVERCROWD A HOOK SHACKLE 44

22
 NEVER WRAP A WIRE
ROPE ROUND A HOOK

The diameter is too small

and the rope wires will
be damaged
45

COLLECTOR RINGS

46

23
Properly sized rings, links, master links and
shackles can be used as collector rings

COLLECTOR RINGS

ALSO USE A COLLECTOR RING WHEN MORE ROOM IS

NEEDED FOR SLINGS

24
 COLLECTOR RINGS
THE INCLUDED ANGLE

60O 60O
INCLUDED ANGLE
120O MAXIMUM

MASTER LINKS

As collector ring for

chain slings As collector ring for wire
rope and synthetic slings

25
 Hinge points

Improved practice over

placing directly in hook

Ring, Links and Swivels

Ring and Thimble

Link, Short Link and Thimble

Link and Thimble Swivel

Link and Closed Socket

26
REMOVAL CRITERIA:

hoist rings shall be removed from service if damage such as

the following is visible, and shall only be returned to
service when approved by a qualified person:
a. Missing or illegible manufacturer’s name or trademark
and/or rated load identification.
b. Indications of heat damage including welding spatter or
arc strikes.
c. Excessive pitting or corrosion.
d. Bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated,
cracked, or broken load-bearing components.
e. Excessive nicks or gouges.

f. A 10% reduction of the original or catalog dimension at any

point.
h. Evidence of unauthorized welding or modification
j. Other conditions, including visible damage, that
cause doubt as to continue use.

27
 Eyebolts

55

• Eyebolts are threaded connectors.

•installed on loads to attach slings.
• Commonly, eyebolts are permanently
installed on equipment that must be
removed/dismantled regularly.
• When eyebolts are permanently installed,
they are usually placed so that the load can
be raised in a balanced position.
Rigging work typically uses two types of
eyebolts: the shoulder type and the straight
shank
Shoulder type eyebolts are specially
designed to be stronger when weight must
be taken up at an angle to the shank. Even
so, .shoulder type eyebolts will bend or
break if too great an angle 45 is used.

28
 Eye Bolt Types
Shouldered with Nut Shouldered Machinery Non‐Shouldered with Nut

.
57

Eye Bolt Application

Non‐shouldered
eye bolts are only
designed for
vertical loads.

29
 Eye Bolt Installation
Angular loading must be in the plane of the eye.

Plane of the eye

Eye Bolt Application

.
60

30
 EYE BOLTS AND HOIST RINGS
shouldered eye
bolt

non-shouldered
eye bolt
swivel
hoist ring

Angular loading of eye bolts

Reduction of working load limit
HORIZONTAL LOSS OF ADJUSTED ONLY SHOULDERED EYE
SLING STRENGTH WORKING BOLTS CAN BE SIDE LOADED
ANGLE LOAD LIMIT

90 0% 100% OF IN
LINE
60 35% 65% OF IN
LINE
45 70% 30% OF IN
LINE
30 75% 25% OF IN
LINE

HORIZONTAL
SLING
ANGLE

31
 Angular loading of
Shouldered eye bolts

Eye bolt:
Must have a shoulder
Must be tight against the load
Must be in the plane of the eye

Swivel hoist rings

Install hoist ring to

Recommended torque
With a torque wrench

Make sure bushing flange

Is tight against load
(Work piece) surface

Never use spacers

Between hoist ring and load surface

(POH662I)

32
 Never reeve slings through
Eye bolts or hoist rings

STOP

Reeving will greatly increase the

loads and affects the effective
sling angle

66

33
 Correct use of shackle

67
incorrect

TURNBUCKLES

68

34
 EYE AND EYE TURNBUCKLE

JAW AND JAW TURNBUCKLE

SECURING TURNBUCKLES

LOCK NUTS

WIRED OR
MOUSED

35
 TURNBUCKLES
• GENERAL
a. Turnbuckles include open and pipe bodies and have
hook, eye, jaw, or stub end fittings. Before each use,
turnbuckles shall be inspected for damage. Damaged
threads, jamb nuts, or bent frame members make the
unit unsuitable for use.
b. Each turnbuckle body shall be permanently and
legibly marked by the manufacturer to show:
1. Manufacturer’s name or trademark.
2. Size or rated load.

Figure 12-8. Turnbuckles

36
• OPERATING PRACTICES:
a. Turnbuckle end fitting threads shall be fully engaged
in the body threads.
b. Components, including pins, bolts, nuts, or cotter pins
used with jaw ends, shall be in good working
condition prior to use.
c. Contact with obstructions that could damage or bend
the turnbuckle should be avoided.
d. Shock loading should be avoided.
g. Turnbuckles should not be side loaded.

h. Turnbuckles used in applications where there is

vibration shall be secured to the frame with locks,
pins, or wires to prevent turning or loosening.
i. Turnbuckles should be rigged or secured to prevent
unscrewing during the lift.
j. For long-term installations, turnbuckles shall be
secured to prevent unscrewing.
k. Turnbuckles should not be dragged on abrasive
surface.
l. Turnbuckles should be adjusted with a properly sized
wrench, used on the flats of the turnbuckle body.

37
 REMOVAL CRITERIA
Turnbuckles shall be removed from service if damage
such as the following is visible, and shall only be returned
to service when approved by a qualified person:
a. Missing or illegible manufacturer’s name or
trademark and/or rated load identification.
b. Indications of heat damage including welding spatter
or arc strikes.
c. Excessive pitting or corrosion.
d. Bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked,
or broken load-bearing components.

e. Excessive nicks or gouges.

f. A 10% reduction of the original or catalog dimension
at any point.
g. Excessive thread damage or wear.
h. Evidence of unauthorized welding or modification
i. Other conditions, including visible damage, that cause
doubt as to continue use.

38
 Figure 12-8. Turnbuckles

Inspection Frequency

The inspection of slings And hardware

includes:

1. Initial inspection upon purchase

2. Frequent inspection by competent person prior to

each use

3. Periodic, at least annually, inspection accomplished by

qualified person as part of a thorough inspection program

39
 Fittings Inspection
¾Wear

¾Legible identification

¾Deformation

¾Cracks or sharp nicks

¾Modification

¾Wire rope at termination

¾Proper function

Inspection of fittings Wear

STOP

no more than 10% wear in most areas of any

sectional dimension, measure by comparing to a
section of fitting that has no wear, or to the catalog
dimensions
MAKE SURE IDENTIFICATION IS LEGIBLE

40
 INSPECTION OF FITTINGS
DEFORMATION

STOP

Any significant permanent

Deformation, or change in shape,
Indicates it has been overloaded and
Must be removed from service

Inspection of fittings
Cracks and sharp nicks

STOP

Any crack, sharp nick or gouge in

The surface of any fitting is cause
For removal from service

41
 INSPECTION OF FITTINGS
MODIFICATION

Bolt
Substitution STOP
Welding of hook

Any modification of any fitting is

Cause for removal from service:
Welding or heating
No substitution of parts
No bending
(POH547)

42
 Inspection of fittings
Wire rope terminations

STOP

More than one broken wire at any (Within one

wire rope diameter of the fitting) termination is
cause for removal From service

Wire rope clips

basic requirements for proper termination

Select proper size clips.

Place clips on in proper sequence.
Torque all clips evenly.
Apply first load and retorque.

TURNBACK

43
 NEVER SADDLE A
“ DEAD HORSE”
NEVER PLACE “U-BOLT” OVER THE LIVE
LINE
ALL THREE U-BOLTS
ARE ON THE LIVE LINE

U-BOLTS ARE
STAGGERED, ONE
CLIP IS ON THE LIVE
LINE

INCORRECT SPLICING
OF TWO WIRE ROPES,
UBOLTS ARE ON LIVE
LINE

BASIC CONNECTIONS

44
BASIC CONNECTIONS

MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS

45
MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS

46