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Group 4

This document discusses several moral philosophies: 1) Moral realism holds that moral truths are factual and objective. 2) Moral emotivism views moral statements as expressions of emotion rather than assertions of fact. 3) Moral universalism believes that morality applies universally to all people regardless of time or culture. 4) Moral relativism comes in several forms but generally believes that morality is relative to one's culture or group rather than absolute.

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22 views1 page

Group 4

This document discusses several moral philosophies: 1) Moral realism holds that moral truths are factual and objective. 2) Moral emotivism views moral statements as expressions of emotion rather than assertions of fact. 3) Moral universalism believes that morality applies universally to all people regardless of time or culture. 4) Moral relativism comes in several forms but generally believes that morality is relative to one's culture or group rather than absolute.

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alliahc.vergara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GEC – ETHICS (REVIEWER: 1ST SEM)

LESSON 4: MORAL REALISM, b) Meta-ethical moral relativism – truth or


EMOTIVISM, UNIVERSALISM, falsity of moral judgments, or their
RELATIVISM justification, is not absolute or universal,
but is relative to the traditions,
MORAL REALISM - holds that moral truths are convictions, and practices of a group of
factual, i.e., happening in actual and real order. persons.

 The philosophical belief that morals do c) Normative moral relativism –actions by


exist. those whose actions we disagree requires
 If something is morally true, then it is tolerance in thoughts and deeds
called a moral fact.

MORAL EMOTIVISM - expresses emotion through


statement which also elicits similar emotions in FURTHER ASSIGNED READING
others. (WEBSITE)
 Terms as “good,” “right,” “virtuous,” etc. Non-cognitivists deny neither that moral
indicate non-cognitive attitudes of sentences are meaningful nor that they are
approval or preferences, and terms as generally used by speakers in meaningful ways.
“bad,” “wrong,” “vicious,” etc. indicate
Emotivists suggest that moral sentences express
non-cognitive attitudes of disapproval or
or evoke non-cognitive attitudes towards various
dislike.
objects without asserting that the speaker has
those attitudes.
 In a sense, to say of a person as virtuous is
analogous to cheer for that person. Terms Cognitivism is perhaps best defined as the denial
used to predicate a subject have both of non-cognitivism.
descriptive and emotive meaning.
Prescriptivists suggest that moral judgments are a
MORAL UNIVERSALISM - stresses that there is species of prescriptive judgement and that moral
morality that applies to all people across time. sentences in the indicative mood are semantically
more akin to imperatives than indicatives.
 Ancient Greek philosophers Plato,
Aristotle, and the Stoics are renowned ‘Quasi-Realism’ is Simon Blackburn’s name for
adherents to universal morality, i.e., a this sort of non-cognitivism, and especially his
morality that regards truth as constant own version of expressivism.
and unchangeable.
 The 1948 United Nations Universal
Declaration of Human Rights exemplifies
the global effort to bring universal justice
to human race regardless of culture, race,
nationality, status, or gender.

MORAL RELATIVISM - refers to many different


ideas from many different groups of peoples. In
ethics, relativism is empirical, meta-ethical, or
normative.

a) Empirical moral relativism – deep and


widespread moral disagreements across
different societies, and these
disagreements are much significant than
whatever agreements there may be.

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