Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aat

Kega<
Ojess<

ba/naaj/jhhc/shukm/testa/sgajj jica + khuk

Va usa ba jica, naaj jica, jhhc jica, shukm jica, Yhur vihjik shukms jica e oet!
testa jica ekm sgajj jica wit` e khuk th masoriba Ggg, it sgajjs
sgajj s jica oeca
o eca nhr tae.
shgahka’s parshkejity, t`a eppaerekoa,
ep paerekoa, shukm
hr sgajj hn shgat`ikf hr shgahka hr `hw I/Yhu/Va/]`ay jhhc jica gy gug.
mhk’t jhhc jica
shgat`ikf naajs w`ak yhu thuo` it.
jhhcs jica
@a/_`a/It t`a prasimakt.
mhask’t jhhc jica

5 Ohgpjata t`a saktakoas wit` t`a ohrraot nhrg

nhrg hn t`a varbs nrhg t`a bhx.

ba naaj jhhc sgajj shukm testa

5 ]`et nhhtbejjar 2 Yhur `eir jica ? V`et yhur kaw

jica yhur mem. strewbarrias. taeo`ar jica8

= ]`asa flhwars 1 It jica t`ara’

t`ara’ss e > ]`is oeca jica

jica pepar
pepa r. ſtra akfika ohgikf. jaghks.
2 Vrita t`a whrms
whrms ik t`a ohrraot hrmar
hrmar..
5 jhhcs / e / nriakmjy / bhy
bhy.. / Gio`eaj / jica
jica

2 shukms / Gy mem’s / ek earhpjeka.

earhpjeka. / oer / jica

? pjestio. / ]`is / naajs

naajs / thy
thy / jica

= eppjas. / testa
testa / ]`asa bisouits / jica
jica

1 yhur / jica8 / V`et / brht`ar / is

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.
 Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aat
Kega<
Ojess<

_aquakoars + prasakt sigpja

Va usa saquakoars suo` es banhra, ſtrst, t`ak, Banhra I fh th so`hhj, I brus` gy taat`.
entar (t`et) th tejc ebhut t`a hrmar hn e rhutika I brus` gy taat` banhra I fh th so`hhj.
hr t`a saquakoa hn avakts. V`ak wa tejc ebhut
rhutikas ekm `ebits, wa usa t`a prasakt sigpja. Banhra (t`et) I/yhu/wa/t`ay fh th so`hhj.
Nirst aet ioa oraeg.
Ba oeranuj th fat t`a rif`t hrmar.
]`ak fhas swiggikf.
`a/s`a/it
Entar (t`et) `es braecnest.

5 Raem, jhhc ekm ohgpjata t`a taxt wit`

entar banhra ſtrst kaxt t`ak
t`a whrms nrhg t`a bhx.

Avary mey, I mh t`a sega t`ikf. 5 I `eva e wes`, 2 I fat mrassam.

?
t`et I `eva braecnest ekm = I brus` gy taat`.
1

I fh th so`hhj, I pjey wit` gy mhf.

2 Raem ekm writa. ]`ak ekswar nhr yhu.
5 Mh yhu / banhra / yhur taat`8 / yhu brus` / fat mrassam

2 `eva braecnest / yhu / fat mrassam8

mrassam8 / Mh yhu
yhu / banhra

? banhra / th so`hhj8 / yhu fh / Mh yhu / weto` tajavisihk

= usuejjy mh / yhu
yhu / V`et mh / entar mikkar8

1 th sjaap8 / raem
raem e bhhc / banhra
banhra / Mh yhu usuejjy / yhu fh

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.
 Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aat
Kega<
Ojess<

Ohgperetivas
Va usa ohgperetiva struoturas th sey w`et It’s guo` o`aepar th trevaj by bus.
shgat`ikf is jica ik rajetihk th shgat`ikf ajsa. Gy brht`ar isk’t es tejj es yhur brht`ar.
Banhra ohgperetivas, wa oek usa whrms jica guo`, I’g jass iktajjifakt t`ek yhu!
e jht, jass, e jittja, e bit, ekm sjif`tjy th ohgpera
shgat`ikf by minnarakt eghukts. (kht) es + emlaotiva + es
jass + emlaotiva + t`ek
guo` / e jht / e jittja / e bit / sjif`tjy + emlaotiva

5 Raem, jhhc ekm oiroja.

5 2 ? =

5 Gy gug is sjif`tjy 2 I’g e jht / sjif`tjy ? Gy bast nriakm is e jht = Gy sistar is guo`
hjmar / yhukfar t`ek tejjar t`ek gy sistar. sphrty / sphrtiar jhumar / kht es jhum
gy mem. t`ek ga. t`ek ga.

2 Rawrita t`a ſtrst saktakoa

saktakoa usikf t`a whrm ik breocats.
breocats.

5 2

5 @erry is hjmar t`ek Agge. (es, es) 2 I mhk’t weto` es guo` ]^ es yhu. (ghra, t`ek)
Agge isk’t . Yhu wet
weto`
o` .

? =

? Jekzerhta isk’t es bif es ]akarina. (t`ek) = @hjjy is e jittja bit s`hrtar t`ek _ere`.
]akarina is . (sjif`tj
sjif`tjyy, t`ek)
_ere` is .

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.
 Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aat
Kega<
Ojess<

Test sigpja< varb ba

Va usa ba ik t`a pest sigpja th tejc ebhut t`ikfs ik t`a pest.
]`ara warak’t eky ohgputars ik t`a so`hhj ik 5944.
_`a wesk’t et `hga et 9<44 jest kif`t.

wara
I/Yhu/Va/]`ay et `hga et quertar th kika t`is ghrkikf.
warak’t

wes
@a/_`a/It ik so`hhj et `ejn pest t`raa t`is entarkhhk.
wesk’t

5 Ohgpjata t`a saktakoas wit` wes, wara, wesk’t hr warak’t.

5 I tiram et so`hhj 2 _ejjy ik bam by ? Ejax `eppy

yastarmey. savak h’ojhoc yastarmey. wit` `is soiakoa gerc.

= V`y yhu jeta 1 yhu et t`a > Va et so`hhj

t`is ghrkikf8 nhhtbejj hk _eturmey8 jest waac.

2 Vrita t`a quastihks. Qsa wes, wara, wesk’t hr warak’t.

5 (w`et tiga / t`ay / et t`a rasteurekt)
rasteurekt) ➚ Et `ejn pest savak.

2 (w`ak / `a / hk
hk t`a
t`a bus)
bus) ➚ Yastarmey et quertar pest t`raa.

? (s`a / ik t`a perc / yastarme

yastarmey)
y) ➚ Yas, s`a wes.

= (yhur axegs / minſtoujt) ➚ Kh, t`ay warak’t.

1 (`hw guo` / yhur leocat) ➚ ]wakty-ſtva phukms.

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.
 Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aat
Kega<
Ojess<

Test sigpja quastihks

Va usa mim ik pest sigpja quastihks. Va usa mim/mimk’t + ikſtkitiva<
V`ak mim yhu stert so`hhj8
Mim yhu fh th nhhtbejj hk ]`ursmey8

Mim aet pizze nhr mikkar yastarmey8

V`ak mim I/yhu/wa/t`ay fh `hga et `ejn pest t`raa t`is entarkhhk8
@hw mim stumy nhr t`a axeg jest kif`t8

V`ara mim
ſtkm yhur bef8
V`et mim `a/s`a/it
writa ik yhur birt`mey oerm8
V`y mim

5 Ohgpjata t`a quastihks wit` t`a ohrraot nhrg hn t`a varbs nrhg t`a bhx.

geca stumy timy wejc weto`

5 yhu th so`hhj t`is ghrkikf hr mim yhu fh by bica8

2 yhu e jht nhr t`a axeg8 Yhu mim vary wajj!

? V`et yhu ik ert yastarmey8 Ves it e peiktikf

peiktikf88

= V`ak t`ay t`air bamrhhg8 It jhhcs battar khw.

1 V`y s`a t`et ſtjg8 It wesk’t vary fhhm.

2 Vrita t`a quastihks. Qsa t`a ohrraot nhrg hn t`a varb.

varb.
5 w`ak / yhu aet / juko` yastarmey8
yastarmey8 > yhu ſtkm / yhur cays / t`is ghrkikf8

2 w`et / yhu jaerk / ik get`s / jest waac8 6 `hw / yhu geca / t`et birt`m
birt`mey
ey oerm8

? w`ara / `a fh / nhr `is `hjimey / jest yaer8 0 t`ay geca / t`et oeca8

= `hw / t`ay fat / th so`hhj / t`is ghrkikf8 9 w`et / shkf / yhu sikf8

1 w`ara / s`a saa / t`et oet8 54 w`et tiga / t`ay wejc / th

th takkis8

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.
 Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aat
Kega<
Ojess<

Trasakt ohktikuhus nhr nutura errekfagakts

Va usa eg/is/era + varb -ikf nhr eg
I ohgikf th t`a perty thghrrhw.
pjeks ik t`a nutura< eg kht
I’g steyikf et `hga thkif`t.
I’g gaatikf ^iocy et t`a oikage Yhu/Va/]`ay era `evikf pizze nhr mikkar thkif`t
erak’t
thghrrhw.
is
@a/_`a/It mhikf `ar `hgawhrc t`is avakikf.
isk’t

5 Jhhc ekm ohgpjata t`a saktakoas

saktakoas wit` t`a ohrraot nhrg hn t`a varb
varb ik breocats.
breocats.

5 O`erjia th t`a 2 Ekk th takkis ? yhu

oikage hk ]`ursmey. (fh) hk Nrimey. (kht ohga) ik bam ejj mey8 (stey)

= I e perty kaxt 1 I ik t`a so`hhj > Leoc

waac. (`eva) s`hw kaxt waac. (kht mekoa) nhhtbejj thkif`t8 (pjey)

2
Raem ekm writa saktakoas.
saktakoas.
Gio`eaj’s Miery ]@QR_MEY
]@QR_MEY `hgawhrc wit` Bak entar so`hhj
GHKMEY maktist 0<?4eg NRIMEY gy perty 0pg
]QA_MEY
]QA_MEY nhhtbejj
nhhtbejj >pg _E]QRMEY takkis
VAMKA_MEY _QKMEY weto` _pimargek 2pg wit` ]hg

5 Gio`eaj hk Ghkmey ghrkikf.

2 Hk ]uasmey, `a .
? Hk ]`urs
]`ursmey,
mey, `a .
= hk Nrimey.
1 ejj mey.
> wit` ]hg.

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.
 ]aeo`ar’s Khtas ekm Ekswars

Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aats

Qkit 5 Vhrcs`aat Qkit ? Vhrcs`aat

5 Ohgpjata t`a saktakoas wit` t`a ohrraot 5 Raem, jhhc ekm oiroja.
nhrg hn t`a varbs nrhg t`a bhx. _tumakts jhhc et t`a t`a pioturas, raem t`a
_tumakts jhhc et t`a pioturas.]`ak t`ay raem t`a saktakoas ekm oiroja t`a ohrraot hptihk.
saktakoas ekm writa t`a varbs t`et ohrrasphkm Ekswars
th t`a pioturas, usikf t`a ohrraot nhrg.
5 hjmar3 2 e jht3 ? sphrtiar3 = guo` jhumar
Ekswars
2 Rawrita t`a ſtrst saktakoa usikf t`a whrm
5 jhhcs3 2 sgajjs3 ? is3 = naaj3 1 shukms3 > testas
ik breocats.
2 Vrita t`a whrms ik t`a ohrraot hrmar. _tumakts raem t`a ſtrst saktakoa. ]`ay treksnhrg
_tumakts jhhc et t`a lugbjam whrms ekm put t`a saktakoa by usikf t`a whrms ik breocats
breocats
t`ag ik t`a ohrraot hrmar th geca saktakoas/ sh t`et t`a saohkm saktakoa `es t`a sega
quastihks. gaekikf es t`a ſtrst hka.
Ekswars Ekswars
5 Gio`eaj jhhcs jica e nriakmjy bhy. 5 Agge isk’t es hjm es @erry.
2 Gy mem’s oer shukms jica ek earhpjeka. 2YYhu
hu weto`
wet o` ghra ]^ t`ek ga.
? ]`is thy naajs jica pjestio. ? ]akarina is biffar t`ek Jekzerhta.
= ]`asa bisouits testa jica eppjas. = _ere` is sjif`tjy tejjar t`ek @hjjy.
1 V`et is yhur brht`ar jica8
Qkit = Vhrcs`aat
Qkit 2 Vhrcs`aat
5 Ohgpjata t`a saktakoas wit` wes , wara
,

5 Raem, jhhc ekm ohgpjata t`a taxt wit` wesk’t hr warak’t.

t`a whrms nrhg t`a bhx. _tumakts raem t`a saktakoas, jhhc et t`a pioturas
_tumakts jhhc et t`a pioturas ekm raem t`a taxt. ekm ohgpjata t`a saktakoas usikf t`a ohrraot
]`ak t`ay ohgpjata t`a taxt wit` t`a whrms nrhg
nrhg nhrg hn t`a varb ba.
t`a bhx by puttikf t`a eotihks ik hrmar.
hrmar. Ekswars
Ekswars 5 wes3 2 wes3 ? wesk’t3 = wara3 1 Vara3
5 Nirst3 2 t`ak/kaxt3 ? Entar3 = t`ak/kaxt3 > warak’t
1 Banhra
2 Vrita t`a quastihks. Qsa wes wara wesk’t
, ,

2 Raem ekm writa.

w rita. ]`ak ekswar nhr yhu. hr warak’t.
_tumakts writa quastihks by puttikf t`a whrms ik _tumakts raem t`a saktakoa prhgpts ekm t`a
t`a ohrraot hrmar. rasphksas ekm writa quastihks usikf t`a ohrraot
Ekswars nhrg hn t`a varb ba.

5 Mh yhu fat mrassam banhra

banhra yhu brus` yhur Ekswars
taat`8 2 Mh yhu `eva braecnest banhra yhu fat 5 V`et tiga wara t`ay et t`a rasteurekt8
mrassam8 ? Mh yhu weto` tajavisihk banhra yhu 2 V`ak wes `a hk t`a bus8
fh th so`hhj8 = V`et mh yhu usuejjy mh entar ? Ves s`a ik t`a perc yastarmey8
mikkar8 1 Mh yhu usuejjy raem e bhhc banhra = Vara yhur axegs minſtoujt8
yhu fh th sjaap8 1 @hw guo` wes yhur leocat8

_tumakts’
_tumakt s’ hwk ekswars.

Tefa 5 hn 2

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.
 ]aeo`ar’s Khtas ekm Ekswars

Axtaksihk Vhrcs`aats

Qkit 1 Vhrcs`aat Qkit > Vhrcs`aat

5 Ohgpjata t`a quastihks wit` t`a ohrraot 5 Jhhc ekm ohgpjata t`a saktakoas wit`
nhrg hn t`a varbs nrhg t`a bhx. t`a ohrraot nhrg hn t`a varb ik breocats.
_tumakts jhhc et t`a quastihks ekm ohgpjata _tumakts jhhc et t`a pioturas ekm usa t`a varbs
t`ag usikf t`a whrms nrhg
nrhg t`a bhx ik t`a ohrraot ik breocats ik t`a ohrraot nhrg th ohgpjata t`a
nhrg ekm ik ohktaxt. saktakoas.
Ekswars Ekswars
5 Mim, wejc3 2 Mim, stumy3 ? mim, geca3 5 is fhikf3 2 isk’t ohgikf3 ? Era, steyikf3
= mim, timy3 1 mim, weto` = ’g `evikf3 1 ’g kht mekoikf3 > Is, pjeyikf

2 Vrita t`a quastihks. Qsa t`a ohrraot nhrg 2 Raem ekm writa saktakoas.
hn t`a varb. _tumakts jhhc et t`a miery ekm usa t`a
t `a
_tumakts raem t`a saktakoa prhgpts ekm writa iknhrgetihk th writa saktakoas ebhut Gio`eaj’s
Gio`eaj’s
quastihks usikf t`a ohrraot nhrg hn t`a varb. waac.
Ekswars _uffastam ekswars
5 V`ak mim yhu aet juko` yastar
yastarmey8
mey8 5 is fhikf th t`a maktist et 0<?4eg/`ejn pest 03
2 V`et mim yhu jaerk ik get`s jest waac8 2 is pjeyikf nhhtbejj et >pg/> h'ojhoc3
? V`ara mim `a fh nhr `is `hjimey jest yaer8 ? ’s mhikf `hgawhrc wit` Bak entar so`hhj3
= @hw mim t`ay fat th so`hhj t`is ghrkikf8 = @a’s `evikf e perty et 0pg3
1 V`ara mim s`a saa t`et oet8 1 Hk _eturmey, `a’s pjeyikf takkis3
> Mim yhu ſtkm yhur cays t`is ghrkikf8 > Hk _ukmey, `a's weto`ikf _pimargek et
6 @hw mim yhu geca t`et birt`mey oerm8 2pg/2 h'ojhoc
0 Mim t`ay geca t`et oeca8
9 V`et shkf mim yhu sikf8
54 V`et tiga mim t`ay wejc th takkis8

Tefa 2 hn 2

@arhas 1 © Geogijjek Tubjis`ars Jigitam 2456. T@H]HOHTIEBJA

]`is pefa gey ba p`hthohpiam ekm usam wit`ik t`a ojess.