Ibong Adarna

Ibong Adarna, also known as The Adarna Bird,[1] is an early 19th-century Filipino epic poem that
centers around a magical bird of the same name. During the Spanish era, the longer form of the
story's title was Korrido at Buhay na Pinagdaanan ng Tatlong Prinsipeng Magkakapatid na anak ni
Haring Fernando at ni Reyna Valeriana sa Kahariang Berbanya ("Corrido and Life Lived by the
Three Princes, children of King Fernando and Queen Valeriana in the Kingdom of Berbania").
Some researchers suggest that the tale may have been influenced by similar European stories.

The narrative focuses on the lives of King Fernando, Queen Valeriana, and their three sons: Don
Pedro, Diego, and Juan. Upon learning of their father's incurable illness, the three princes embark
on a quest to find the legendary Adarna bird, whose healing powers can save their father. The
prince who successfully brings back the bird will inherit the throne.

While the story is commonly attributed to the Tagalog poet José de la Cruz or "Huseng Sisiw,"
the actual authorship remains unproven. Contrary to popular belief, Ibong Adarna was not
brought to the Philippines by Miguel López de Legazpi, as was the case with other European
stories. According to Eulogio Balan Rodriguez, Assistant Director of the National Library in 1893,
the tale is of Pre-Spanish origin and represents indigenous Philippine literature. However, it does
bear some influences from 19th-century European romances, which infuse it with a medieval
chivalry atmosphere. It holds a comparable status, or possibly even parallels, with the world-
renowned Arabian Nights' Entertainments, a book included in the reading materials of both public
and private schools.[2]

Ibong Adarna is included in the curriculum for Junior High School students and Grade 7 students
in the Philippines.
Plot Ibong Adarna

King Fernando and Queen Valeriana of the

Kingdom of Berbania have three sons: Don
Pedro, Don Diego, and Don Juan. King
Fernando falls ill after a dream in which he
sees Don Juan being murdered. Desperate for
a cure, he sends Don Pedro to find the Ibong
Adarna, a magical bird known for its healing
songs. Don Pedro embarks on a journey and
eventually encounters the bird, but it sings
seven songs that lull him to sleep, turning him
Ibong Adarna,
into stone.

Next, Don Diego is sent on the same mission Painting by Nat

and suffers a similar fate. Three years later,
Don Juan sets out on his quest and meets an Lamina, 2022
old hermit who warns him about the bird's
enchantments. The hermit provides him with a
knife and dayap lemons to stay awake during
Author unknown
the bird's songs, with instructions to create
cuts on his arm with the knife and to put
(attributed)
calamansi on the wounds. [3] He also gives
him a golden rope to capture the bird and a Original title Korido a
bucket of water to revive his petrified brothers.
na Pinag
Don Juan successfully captures the Ibong
Adarna, restores his brothers, and heads back
to the palace. However, Don Pedro and Don
ng Tatlo
Diego grow envious and beat Don Juan,
leaving him unconscious on the road. They
Prinsipe
deceive the king, claiming they don't know
what happened to Don Juan but that the bird
Magkak
awaits its true captor. Don Juan eventually
recovers and forgives his brothers. anak na
As a punishment, Don Pedro and Don Diego Fernand
are tasked with guarding the bird for three
hours each day. Don Pedro plots revenge and Reyna V
convinces Don Diego to trick Don Juan into
thinking the bird escaped under his watch. sa Kaha
Don Juan sets off to find the bird before the
king discovers its absence. When the truth is Berbania
revealed, Don Pedro and Don Diego are
banished but spared due to Don Juan's
forgiveness. Country Philippines
Don Juan continues his journey with the Ibong
Adarna and his brothers, finding refuge on Mt. Language Tagalog
Armenia. They come across a well, and while
exploring it, Don Juan discovers two
enchanted palaces. Inside, he rescues
Genre Fantasy,
Princess Juana and Princess Leonora from a
giant and a seven-headed serpent,
Folk-tale
respectively. However, his brothers betray him
by letting go of the rope while he descends,
causing him to fall to the bottom of the well.

Don Pedro marries Princess Juana, and Don Diego plans to marry Princess Leonora after a
seven-year delay. Don Juan survives with the help of an enchanted ring and sets out to find his
way back to the Kingdom. With the guidance of an eagle, he reaches the Kingdom of Reino de
Los Cristales. There, he encounters a crystal lake where three princesses bathe. Don Juan steals
a dress belonging to one of the princesses and falls in love with her. They flee the pursuing king
but are separated when Don Juan leaves her to make preparations for their entry into the
Berbanian Kingdom.

Back in the Berbanian Kingdom, Don Juan forgets his love for the princess from Reino de Los
Cristales and becomes infatuated with Princess Leonora. However, when Doña Maria, the
pilgrim princess, arrives, Don Juan realizes his mistake. Doña Maria uses her talisman to create
a dance depicting their past experiences, reminding Don Juan of his betrayal. Don Juan returns
Princess Leonora and the kingdom to Don Diego and reunites with Doña Maria. They return to
Reino de Los Cristales, where they are crowned as king and queen, bringing joy to the mourning
kingdom.

The tale ends with Don Juan and Doña Maria's coronation, symbolizing their reunion and the
restoration of happiness in Reino de Los Cristales.

Description

The Philippine trogon's vivid colors

earned it the nickname "Ibong
Adarna".

The Ibong Adarna is often described as the most colorful bird in Philippine folklore. It is also
thought to share a resemblance to other legendary birds such as the Sarimanok and the
phoenix.[4]

Being one of the most colorful birds endemic in the Philippines, local birders associate the
Philippine trogon (Harpactes ardens) to the mythical bird.[5]
Analysis
According to professor Damiana Eugenio, the Ibong Adarna or The Adarna Bird epic reworks and
combines themes from recognizable folktales of the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index,
namely types ATU 551, "The Sons on a Quest for a Wonderful Remedy for their Father"; ATU 301,
"The Three Stolen Princesses" (hero's descent into a lower world, pit or hole to rescue kidnapped
princesses), and ATU 313, "The Magical Flight" (hero meets villain's daughter and falls in love
with her; her father imposes tasks on the hero; hero and villain's daughter escape together at the
end of the tale).[6]

According to Dean Fansler, the romance is very popular in the archipelago, with at least five
different language printings: Tagalog, Pampango, Visayan, Ilocano and Bicol. The differences
between the literary versions led Fansler to believe in a folkloric origin for the tale.[7]

Cultural significance

In other media
The story of Ibong Adarna is known all over the Philippines[8][9] and has been told in different
languages and media.
Films

Date
Film Starring Produced by Directed by
Released

Mila del Sol (Prinsesa Maria), Vicente

Fred Cortes (Prinsipe Juan), Salumbides October 17,
Ibong Adarna
Ester Magalona, Deanna Prieto, and Manuel 1941
and Ben Rubio LVN Pictures Conde

Nida Blanca, Nestor de Villa,

Ang Ibong
Carlos Salazar, Cecilia Lopez, Manuel Conde July 4, 1955
Adarna
Nita Javier, Jose Vergara

Dolphy (Prince Adolfo),

Panchito Alba (Prince Alfonso), November 3,
Ibong Adarna Roda Films
Babalu (Prince Albano), 1972
Rosanna Ortiz (Ibong Adarna) Pablo
Dolphy (Prince Adolfo), Santiago
Ang Hiwaga RTL Productions,
Panchito Alba (Prince Alfonso), November 3,
ng Ibong Roda Film
Babalu (Prince Albano), 1972
Adarna Productions
Rosanna Ortiz (Ibong Adarna)

Rene Requiestas (Prinsipe

Abante), Monica Herrera
Si Prinsipe
(Prinsesa Luningning), Paquito
Abante at ang Tagalog Pictures, December
Diaz (Prinsipe Atras), Joaquin Tony Cruz
Lihim ng Regal Films 25, 1990
Fajardo (Prinsipe Urong-
Ibong Adarna
Sulong), Ruben Rustia (Ang
Hari)

Ang TV Nida Blanca (Lola Binyang), Star Cinema Johnny October 2,

Movie: The Tirso Cruz III (Prinsipe Diego), Manahan 1996
Adarna Dindo Arroyo (Prinsipe Pedro),
Adventure Gio Alvarez (Prinsipe Juan),
Jolina Magdangal (Prinsesa
 Date
Film Starring Produced by Directed by
Released

Adarna), Gamaliel Viray (Hari

ng Berbanya)

Jolina Magdangal (voice of FLT Films

Adarna: The Adarna), Marvin Agustin International, Geirry A. December
Mythical Bird (voice), Martin Nievera (voice), Guiding Light Garccia 25, 1997
Regine Velasquez (voice) Productions

Ibong Adarna: Rocco Nacino (Prinsipe

Gurion October 1,
The Pinoy Sigasig), Karen Gallman Jun Urbano
Entertainment 2014
Adventure (Adarna)

1940s
Narcisa “Doña Sisang” de Leon of LVN Studios produced the first two Ibong Adarna films. The
first one, made in 1941, starred Mila del Sol as Prinsesa Maria, Fred Cortes as Prinsipe Juan,
Ester Magalona, Vicente Oliver, Deanna Prieto, Ben Rubio and Angeles Gayoso who voiced the
Ibong Adarna. It had a magical sequence that showed the singing of the bird. That used a
painstakingly hand-painted process called "Varicolor", where the bird was colorized in this
otherwise black and white film.[10][11] LVN was able to archive copies of the film which was
shown again in theaters after the war in the late 40s and 50s.

1950s
Fifteen years later, in 1956, LVN produced a second version, this time under the full direction of
an older Manuel Conde, and starred Nida Blanca, Nestor de Villa, Carlos Salazar, Cecilia Lopez,
Nita Javier and Jose Vergara. The 1956 film was the first Filipino commercial film shot and
shown in its entirety in Eastman Color.
1970s
Roda Film Productions produced two films, Ibong Adarna (1972) and its sequel Ang Hiwaga ng
Ibong Adarna (1973) starring Dolphy as the lead Prince Adolfo and comedians Panchito Alba as
Prince Alfonso, Babalu as Prince Albano and Rosanna Ortiz as the Ibong Adarna.

1990s
Tagalog Pictures, Inc. produced the film Si Prinsipe Abante at ang Lihim ng Ibong Adarna in 1990
starring comedian Rene Requiestas as the lead Prinsipe Abante (English: forward), Paquito Diaz
as Prinsipe Atras (English: retreat), Joaquin Fajardo as Prinsipe Urong-Sulong (synonymous to
atras-abante; English: back and forth) and Monica Herrera as Prinsesa Luningning/the Ibong
Adarna.

In 1996, Star Cinema produced the film Ang TV Movie: The Adarna Adventure. Jolina Magdangal
played the Ibong Adarna/Prinsesa Adarna. The cast included Nida Blanca as Lola Binyang, Tirso
Cruz III as Prinsipe Diego, Dindo Arroyo as Prinsipe Pedro, Gio Alvarez as Prinsipe Juan and
Gamaliel Viray as Hari ng Berbanya along with the kids and teens of Ang TV.

Adarna: The Mythical Bird which premiered on December 25, 1997, is the first Filipino full-length
theatrical animated film. It stars Jolina Magdangal — who previously played the Ibong Adarna —
as the voice of Princess Carmona along with other voice casts: Marvin Agustin, Martin Nievera
and Regine Velasquez. Nievera and Velasquez sung the soundtrack "Touched by Your Love" and
"Nagmamahal", "Believe It" was performed by Velasquez and "Halakhak" by The Youth.[12]

2010s
A young man sets out on a dangerous quest for a magical bird with the power to heal any
ailment in "Ibong Adarna: The Pinoy Adventure". The 2014 film starred Rocco Nacino as Prinsipe
Sigasig, Joel Torre as Sultan Mabait, Angel Aquino as Sultana Mabunyi, Leo Martinez as Datu
Maimbot, Benjie Paras as Sipsipayo, Ronnie Lazaro as Dulangkaw, Patricia Fernandez as Diwata,
Lilia Cuntapay as Bruha, Gary Lising as Nuno ng Lipi, Miss Intercontinental 2018 Karen Gallman
as Adarna and Philip "Kohol" Supnet as Higante.[13]
2020s

MALA (Movies Adapted from Literary

Arts): Ibong Adarna
“MALA” (Movies Adapted from Literary Arts), an educational puppetry film series for children
directed by actor Xian Lim and written by renowned ventriloquist Ronaldo "Ony" Carcamo, is part
of the Cultural Center of the Philippines' "Sining Sigla", a season-long virtual outreach program of
the CCP Office of the President Arsenio “Nick” Lizaso.[14] Lim and Carcamo used muppets, visual
effects and live action with music and poetry in the dialogue on their adaptation. MALA's
production designers are shadowplay and puppet designer Aina Ramolete and production
designer and art director Kaye Banaag. Joined by music composer Jem Florendo and sound
designer Miguel Hernandez.[15][16][17][18][19]

New 4K Digital Scan of Ibong Adarna

(1941)
In time for the 100th year of Philippine cinema, Cinema One brought the film that was scanned in
a high definition 4K resolution back via cable TV on June 30, 2019.

[20][21]
Ibong Adarna was the opening full-length film of the 12th Cinema Rehiyon held on
February 24–28, 2020, at Naga City, Camarines Sur.
Television
In 2013, GMA Network produced Adarna, a contemporary television series adaptation starring
Kylie Padilla in the title role.[22]

In the 50th episode of season 1 of GMA's drama fantasy anthology series Daig Kayo ng Lola Ko
which aired on April 22, 2018, lola Goreng (Gloria Romero) narrated the story of the Ibong
Adarna. The episode starred Kyline Alcantara as Ibong Adarna, Jeric Gonzales as Juan, Lucho
Ayala as Pedro, Aaron Yanga as Diego and Rey 'PJ' Abellana as Fernando.[23]

Theater
[24]

Ballet
Ballet Manila soloist Abigail Oliveiro took on the role of Ibong Adarna with Mark Sumaylo as Don
Pedro, Romeo Peralta as Don Diego and Ballet Manila's Principal dancer Rudy de Dios as Don
Juan.[25]

It featured music by Diwa de Leon, with Gia Macuja Atchison as the voice of Ibong Adarna, and
script by Angela Blardony Ureta.[26]

Ballet Manila's CEO and Artistic Director Lisa Macuja-Elizalde described the show as "a modern
ballet with neo-classical and classical styles that serve as the cornerstone of the dance
vocabulary." It even featured the Alitaptap (lit. 'firefly') Dance and the Monkey Dance. It made its
world premiere on August 26, 2017, at the Aliw Theater stage.[27]
Musical
[28]

REP staged an English version of the epic which featured fun, child-friendly music, and bright
and colorful costumes.[29]

Art and literature

The Adarna House is a Philippine publishing house.[30][31]

An interactive ebook version of the epic including animation and sound was released for the
iPad.[32] Project Gutenberg also has a version of the epic in its library.[33]

Books

Title Retelling by Illustrations by Year ISBN Pages

Virgilio S. 971-508-
Ibong Adarna[34] Jordan Santos 1980 32
Almario 125-8

Ibong Adarna (Board Jason Sto. 978-971-

[35] [36]
2015 18
Book) Domingo 508-565-6

Ibong Adarna (Complete Virgilio S. 978-971-

2016 268
Text)[37] Almario 508-606-6

Magkulay Tayo ng Kuwento Virgilio S. 978-971-

Jordan Santos 2020 20
9: Ibong Adarna[38] Almario 508-843-5
National costume in beauty pageants
Miss Universe 2018 Catriona Gray’s preliminary gown by Mak Tumang[39] at the Miss Universe
preliminary competition was called “Adarna: Blazing Siren.” Her gown which was inspired by the
Ibong Adarna[40] and the Phoenix Mikimoto Crown[41] was adorned with layers of embroidered
gold feathers and thousands of hand-placed genuine Swarovski crystals in different shades of
orange and topaz; she paired it with a nationalistic pair of dangling earrings she designed
herself, Tessera Jewelry executed her vision with the Philippine sun and golden South sea
pearls.[42]

See also

Florante at Laura

Noli Me Tángere

El filibusterismo

References

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Society. Journal of American Folklore.
 Volume XX. Washington [etc.]: American
Folklore Society. 1907. pp. 107-108.

2. The Adarna bird : A Filipino tale of Pre-

Spanish origin incorporated in the
development of Philippine literature, the
rapid growth of vernacular belles-letters
from its earliest inception to the present
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3. Jaykez (July 24, 2010). "Jayke Story

Collection: IBONG ADARNA STORY (English
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[Link]) . Jayke Story Collection.
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4. Limos, Mario Alvaro (May 7, 2020). "This
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rna-photos-a00293-20200507-lfrm) .
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([Link]
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"Breaking the spell: The Ibong Adarna" (http
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[Link]/life/09/17/20/xian-lim-proud-to-b
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"Xian Lim's 'Ibong Adarna' screened as
tribute to late National Artist Amelia
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s-tribute-to-late-national-artist-amelia-lapen
a-bonifacio/) . Manila Bulletin. Retrieved
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-adapted-from-literary-arts-ibong-adarna/de
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e?lang=fil) . ABS-CBN. October 30, 2020.
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epic are streaming online this weekend" (htt
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m/title/tt3457500/) . IMDB. Retrieved
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h-hits-ipad) . Archived from the original (htt
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11/ibong-adarna-flies-high-hits-ipad) on
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ducts/ibong-adarna?_pos=1&_sid=49608b8
40&_ss=r) . Adarna. Retrieved March 5,
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[Link]/products/copy-of-ibong-adarna?_
pos=2&_sid=49608b840&_ss=r) . Adarna.
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[Link]/2016/02/09/ja
son-sto-domingo-1989-2016/) . Adarna
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[Link]/products/ibong-adarna-compl
ete-text?_pos=3&_sid=49608b840&_ss=r) .
Adarna. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

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Adarna" ([Link]
magkulay-tayo-ng-kuwento-9-ibong-adarna?
_pos=4&_sid=49608b840&_ss=r) . Adarna.
Retrieved March 5, 2021.

39. "Mak Tumang YAS" ([Link]

om/watch?v=qVJ72ePPg4Y) . YouTube.
August 12, 2020. Archived ([Link]
[Link]/varchive/youtube/20211221/qVJ7
2ePPg4Y) from the original on December
21, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
40. "Mak Tumang shares the origin of the
gowns worn by Miss Universe 2018
Catriona Gray Magandang Buhay" (https://
[Link]/watch?v=GsteXKRLy2
c) . YouTube. June 20, 2019. Archived (http
s://[Link]/varchive/youtube/202
11221/GsteXKRLy2c) from the original on
December 21, 2021. Retrieved March 11,
2021.

41. "WATCH: The story behind Catriona's

'Adarna' gown, original sunray earrings in
Miss Universe prelims" ([Link]
[Link]/life/12/14/18/watch-the-story-behi
nd-catrionas-adarna-gown-original-sunray-e
arrings-in-miss-universe-prelims) . ABS-
CBN News. December 14, 2018. Retrieved
March 11, 2021.
42. "UKG: Catriona Gray, standout sa Miss
Universe 2018 preliminary competition" (htt
ps://[Link]/watch?v=m9i1B2e
DQis) . YouTube. December 14, 2018.
Archived ([Link]
e/youtube/20211221/m9i1B2eDQis) from
the original on December 21, 2021.
Retrieved March 11, 2021.

External links

Ibong Adarna ([Link]

oks/16157) (in Tagalog) at Project
Gutenberg

Portals: Philippines
Children's literature
 Literature Books

Retrieved from
"[Link]
title=Ibong_Adarna&oldid=1219530212"

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