Advance Design America (ADA)

TUTORIAL 8

Linear Time
History Analysis

2015
 Graitec Inc 1995-2015
 L I N E A R T I M E H I S T O R Y

Linear Time History Analysis

Introduction
A linear time history analysis of the building that we studied in Tutorial 7 will
be performed, considering the El Centro earthquake (0.21g). Then, a steel
design that includes the linear time history envelopes will be performed and
results will be compared.

Project Configuration
• Open the Project Configuration dialog box (File menu) and select the
Analysis tab. Select a linear type of static analysis.
• Select the Seismic tab. Disable the "Add ductility Effects [/¯\]" option.
• Click the button next to the "Accelerogram" list box. Select the El Centro
earthquake (0.21g).

• Click OK to close this dialog box.

8-1
 A D A T U T O R I A L 8

• The time pitch is associated to the accelerogram. Enter the duration for the
application of this accelerogram and specify the maximum horizontal and
vertical accelerations. For the Montreal area, these accelerations are
respectively 0.18g and 0.12g (2/3 x horiz. acc.).
• Select the "Save node displacements" option.
• Click OK to save data and exit the Project Configuration dialog box.

Member Usages and End Conditions

This type of analysis is linear. Therefore, tension-only member cannot be used.
• Select all members and open the Member Characteristics dialog box.
• Select a Standard usage on the Member tab and select tension-
compression axial end conditions.

8-2
 L I N E A R T I M E H I S T O R Y

Load Combinations
Use the Load Combination Generator to generate load combinations. Select
the time history envelopes Et01 and Et02. Click the "Next" button.

8-3
 A D A T U T O R I A L 8

• Click the "Next" button and then, the "Finish" button.

8-4
 L I N E A R T I M E H I S T O R Y

Modal and Spectral Analysis

Accidental torsion effects are calculated during a spectral analysis. Therefore,
the modal and spectral analyses are performed before the linear time history
analysis.

• Click this icon to open the Modal Analysis dialog box. Select the
Mass load combination and keep the parameters that were used in Tutorial
7. Click the "Analyze" button.
• Open the Linear Seismic Directions spreadsheet. Data have changed
because tension-only bracings are now tension-compression. (Advance
Design America reduces the stiffness of tension-only members to 50% and
this modification affects the mass behavior.)

• Select a conventional steel construction as SFRS.

• Close the spreadsheet.

• Click this icon and launch the spectral analysis.

• Open the Linear Seismic Directions spreadsheet.

The participating mass in the x direction is below 90%.

8-5
 A D A T U T O R I A L 8

Increase the number of requested modes to 30 in the Modal Analysis dialog

box. Launch the modal and spectral analysis.

99% was attained.

Linear Time History Analysis

Create a node selection before launching the analysis. Otherwise, all node
displacements are calculated and this type of analysis can be very long.
• Activate the Structure mode.
• While keeping the [Ctrl] key down, select nodes for which displacements
are required. In this example, we selected nodes eA2 and eA3, which are
located at the top of the structure, near a corner.
• Go to Edit / Select / Create a selection. Enter a name and close the
dialog box.

• Open the Time History dialog box by clicking this icon. Select the
node selection and click the "Analyze" button to launch the analysis.

8-6
 L I N E A R T I M E H I S T O R Y

Time History Results

When the analysis is completed, close the analysis dialog box.
• Select a time history envelope on the Activate toolbar.

• Select Results / Time History / Node Displacements in Time.

• Enter a node number and click the "Reading" button. To view the results
in the form of a spreadsheet, click the "Spreadsheet" button.

8-7
 A D A T U T O R I A L 8

To view the differential displacement between two nodes, enter node numbers
in appropriate fields. Select the direction and click the "Reading" button.

8-8
 L I N E A R T I M E H I S T O R Y

Steel Design
Introduction
Follow the steps to include the time history envelopes Et01 and Et02 into load
combinations and launch a steel design.

• Select the node selection (Click the icon on the Edit toolbar and select
the node selection).

• Open the Analysis and Design dialog box by clicking this icon. Click
the "Analyze" button to launch the steel design. The modal, spectral, and
time history analyses are automatically launched at each design cycle.

Steel Design Results

Members that were part of ductile frames have been optimized as follows:

8-9
 A D A T U T O R I A L 8

Optimized Shapes for Bracings

The bracings are bigger and columns are lighter than those obtained from the
seismic steel design with ductile frames because the capacity design method is
not used.

8-10
 L I N E A R T I M E H I S T O R Y

Optimized Shapes for Moment-Resisting Frame

Columns and beams are a bit smaller than those obtained from the seismic
design using ductile frames, except for Frame4, which is much heavier.

8-11
 A D A T U T O R I A L 8

Interstory Drifts
Select Results / Modal/Spectral / Levels and check interstory drifts.

The maximum inter story drift is equal to 28mm, which is below the allowable
limit of 100mm.

8-12