DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN

Science 8
(Vertebrates)
Name of Practise Teacher: Vladimir C. Jale
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learner are expected to:
a) identify the animals that belongs to vertebrates;
b) appreciates the different kinds of animals and value its existence; and
c) participates the group activities;

OBJECTIVES:
●
Give the names of organisms as they are known in your community and recognize the need to have a
system of classifying and naming organisms.
● Value the significance of
classifying and naming organisms.
● Classify how the
organisms identified and how they group by naming.
II. SUBJECT MATTER: vertebrates
Reference: Grade 8 Science Module
Materials: laptop, projector/smart TV, Power point presentation and learning materials.
PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A.PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
PRAYER

Everybody stands for our opening Prayer

(All students stands up)

May I please request someone to lead the prayer here in front?

(Random student will

volunteer to lead the
prayer)

GREETINGS

Okay, Good morning Class!

 Good morning, Teacher
Vlad!

How are you today?

We’re all fine teacher

Vlad!

Okay Good.

CLASROOM MANAGEMENT

Before you sit down, arrange all your chairs and Pick-up some pieces of
papers.

(Students will arrange

their chairs and pick-up
some pieces of papers

CHECKING OF ATTENDANCE

I’m going to check all your attendance,

Raise your hand and say present if your name is called.

(The teacher will start calling each student’s name)

(Each Students will
respond by their names)

B. REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LESSON

What was our lesson last meeting?

Anyone remembered our lesson last meeting? Its about Kingdom
Animalia sir or Animal
Kingdom.

Correct!
Last meeting we talked about three Phylums in kingdom Animalia or
Animal Kingdom,
What are those three Phylum Again? Phylum Mollusca,
Phylum Echinodermata
and Phylum Arthropoda.
In Phylum Mollusca there are three Classes, What are those again? Gatropods or Univalves,
Bivalves and
Cephalopods.

Very Good!
What are those examples of Gastropods in Phylum Mollusca? Seashells, Snails, Suso,
Kuhol, etc.
(Students answers may
vary)

Correct!
Those who had one hole.
How about Bivalves? Any examples? Clams, Oysters, Tahong,
Etc.
(Students answers may
vary)

Very Good!
Those who had two shells.
How about Cephalopods? Octopus, Squids, Etc.
(Students answers may
vary)

Correct!
Next Phylum is the Phylum Echinodermata,
What are those Examples again? Starfish, Sea Urchin, Sea
Cucumbers, Etc.
(Students answers may
vary)

Very Good!
The last phylum is the Phylum Arthropoda,
What are its examples again? Crabs, Lobsters,
Shrimps, Spiders,
Scorpions,
centipede/millipede,
insects, etc.
(Students answers may
vary)
Correct!
Those animals who has exoskeleton or the skeleton is outside the body
rather than inside.

Where does Crabs, Lobsters and Shrimps belongs?

Crustaceans, Arachnids or Insects? Crustaceans Sir.

Very good!
And how about Spiders and Scorpions,
Where do they Belong? Crustaceans, Arachnids or Insects? Arachnids sir.

Correct!
What are those examples of Insects again? Flies, Butterflies, Bugs,
etc. sir
(Students answers may
vary)

Very Good!
I guess you had really learned something about our lesson last week.
C. Motivation
Now Let us Proceed with our topic.
But before we begin, let us first have a group activity.

Group yourselves into 4 groups.

I’m going to give pictures of each groups. They’ll going to paste the
pictures in the blackboard and categorized each pictures if where does they
belong: either they belong to FISHES, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES,
BIRDS OR MAMMALS.

Are you ready?

Yes Sir!

(Students will participate

the given activity)

Okay, than kyou class for Participating the activity.

D. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON:

Based upon the Activity that we had, what do you think will be our topic
for this meeting?
 It’s all about different
animals sir?

Yes!
It’s all about different animals of Vertebrates.

E. DISCUSSION

Now the question is what does vertebrates mean?

Everybody read.

Vertebrates are animals that mostly live in the land or sea. They are a large
group of chordates.

(Students will read the

definition.)

Based upon our lesson last time, what does chordates means again?
Those animals that have?

Backbone sir?
Yes!
Backbone or Flexible Spinal Column.

The nerve cord is enclosed by the projections of the vertebrae. The

protected nerve cord enlarges at the anterior end to develop into the brain.
The tail can be the bone and muscle that animals use for swimming in
aquatic species. For some vertebrates, the gill slits remain till the adult
stage. In others, these are modified into structures for gas exchange

(Students will listen to

the discussion)
There are 5 Types of Vertebrates,
The Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals.

Let us first start with Fish vertebrate.

What is fish vertebrate?

Everyboby read.

Fishes are vertebrates found in salty, fresh, cold or even hot water. Most
have scales for protection, paired fins for movement and gills for gas
exchange. Fishes may lay eggs to reproduce or give birth to live young.
They are cold bloodied because their body temperature changes when
environment temperature changes. Certain fishes do not have true teeth or
may be jawless as compared to the others.

(Students will read the

In Fishes, there are also three kinds: definition)

1. The Class Agnatha –

Which is the Jawless one.
example:
 lampreys – Parasite Fish that have tooth-like structures in
their mouth that can attach to bodies of other fishes and
feed on their tissues and blood.
 hagfish – wormlike fish that use a toothlike tongue to eat
dead organisms.

2. Cartilaginous fishes,
which include:
 Rays
 Skates
 sharks.

They have a skeleton made of the soft, flexible protein material

called cartilage. Most cartilaginous fishes are covered with a tough,
sandpaperlike skin due to the presence of toothlike scales. Skates and rays
have winglike fins and move in a gliding motion through the water. Some
of them eat floating planktons while others feed on invertebrates at the
bottom of seas and oceans.

3. Class Osteichthyes,
diverse groups of bony fishes.

Who can give me an example?

Yes!

Example: Bangus sir (milkfish)

 bangus (milkfish)
 tuna
 goldfish
 tilapia.
These are the fishes that have an endoskeleton made of hard,
calcium material called bone.

Now, based on the

 (Students will listen to
details on the board, why the discussion)

is
there a need to have
a system of
classifying
organisms? (Students will read the
definition)

The Second group of Vertebrate is the Amphibians.

What is Amphibian Vertebrate?

Everybody read.

Amphibia means “double life” from which amphibians got their name.
This refers to animals that live part in water and part on land. Most lay
small, shell-less eggs surrounded by jellylike substance in moist places or
in water. These hatch into tadpoles with gills and tails. They lose the tail
to develop lungs as well as legs and move to land but close to water or
damp habitats. They also have moist skin to help the lungs for gas
exchange while in dry land. (Students will listen to
the discussion)

Amphibians are divided into three groups:

 caecilians - Ceacilians live in water or bury themselves in moist (Students will read the
soil. definition)
 Salamanders - Salamanders live in forest floors under rocks and
decaying logs.
 frog/toads. - Both frogs and toads jump. Some frogs can leap and
attach to tree trunks and branches. Toads are terrestrial and can
even survive in hot places or desert. Frogs have smooth skin while
toads have rough or warty skin. Frogs and toads eat worms,
insects or small animals
The third group of Vertebrate is the Reptile.

So what is Reptile Vertebrate?

Everybody read.

Reptiles are animals that exhibit more adaptations for living on

land. They lay eggs with shells to protect them from drying. They also
have smooth or rough scales for protection from loss of body water.

Example:

 Lizards and snakes – have smooth scales. Examples of

lizards are the house lizard, gecko (tuko), monitor lizard
(bayawak), chamleleon and horned toad. Snakes are
legless and have flexible jaws to enable them to swallow
their prey whole. A common snake species is the
reticulated python seen in zoos. Poisonous species
(Students will listen to
include the cobra and the rattle snake. Snakes however,
the discussion)
avoid people and do not attack unless provoked or hurt.
 Crocodiles and alligators - They are predators of fish,
deers, small cows or carabaos, and even attack humans.
Alligators live in freshwater and are only found in North
and South America. Crocodiles live in fresh and salty
waters in tropical and subtropical regions. In the
Philippines, two species are present, the endemic
Crocodylus mindorensis (Philippine Crocodile) and the
saltwater Crocodylus porosus. The Philippine crocodile is
considered a critically endangered crocodile species in the
world.
 Turtles and tortoises – Bodies are enclosed in a shell. The
head, legs and tail are pulled inside this shell as protection
from predators. Tortoises live on land while turtles live
Gorion sir, Salampati,
mostly in water. Pawikan (marine turtles) live in the sea
tamsi,etc.
and females come to shore only to lay eggs. There are (Students Answers may
species of marine turtles which are at present in danger Vary)
of extinction.
The fourth group ofVertebrate is the bird.
So what is a Bird?

If reptiles are adapted to land life, most birds are adapted to fly.
Characteristics of birds that enable them to fly include: presence of wings
and feathers, large flight muscles in the breast bone and reduced weight.
Birds weigh less because their bones are light and hollow filled with air. (Student will read the
definition)
Birds also have eggs with shells and the legs are covered with scales. Their
body temperature remains the same despite varying environmental
temperature due to the insulation provided by feathers.

Can anyone give me an example of a Bird?

Very Good!

The last group of Vertebrate is the Mamals.

So what is Mamals?
Everybody read.

Mammals differ from other animals because they have mammary glands
that produce milk to nourish their young and most have hair or fur. They
breathe in air, have four-chambered hearts and are warm-bloodied. Most (Students will listen to
of them also give birth to live young and care for them. the discussion)

Mamals are divided into 3 Groups:

 Monotremes - ay eggs similar to those of birds. The spiny

anteater (echidnas) living in Australia, New Zealand and New
Guinea as well as the duck-billed platypus are monotremes
 Marsupials or the pouched mammals also give birth to live young.
After birth, the young are kept inside pouches and are nourished
with the milk from the mammary glands within these pouches.
Some marsupials are found in Central and South America. The
opossum lives only in North America. Others, such as the more
familiar koalas, kangaroos and wombats and flying phalangers,
are found in Australia and New Zealand.
 eutherians comprise the largest group of mammals. Known as the
placental mammals, they bear fully developed young inside the
mother’s uterus. These young are attached to the placenta
 through which they receive nourishment until they are born. After
birth, they continue to be cared for and nourished by milk from
the mammary glands. Table 2 presents the different groups of
placental mammals and their representatives.

Table 2 Placental Mammals

Order Characteristics Examples

Insectivora insect-eating shrews, moles
Chiroptera flying bats
Rodentia gnawing rats, mice, squirrels
Lagomorpha rodentlike rabbits, hares
Edentata toothless armadillos
Cetacea aquatic whales, dolphins
Sirenia aquatic dugong, manatee
Proboscidea trunk-nosed elephants
Carnivora flesh-eating dogs, cats, bears, seals,
walruses
Ungulata hoofed foot horses, zebras, rhinoceros,
giraffes, carabaos, goats, (Students will listen to
the discussion)
pigs
Primates large brain lemurs, monkeys, apes,
relative to humans
body size

Primates are the most highly developed of all animals. They are
able to walk erect, with fingers and toes adapted to grasp or hang on
branches and hold things or manipulate food. They also have a high
degree of intelligence. Primates exhibit social behavior like living in
organized groups or communities. They take care of orphaned
individuals or even fight with competing groups. Scientists would like to
believe that the care given by females to their young contribute to their
ability to survive.

Mammals are present in various places, from the very cold to

the warmest regions and in salt waters. Many live among humans.
Mammals have become an important part of ecosystems. In grasslands,
zebras eat plants and in turn are killed and eaten by lions. In forests,
bats eat insects and compete with monkeys for fruits. Seeds are then
spread for plants to grow in other areas. Wastes of these mammals
serve as fertilizers to plants. In human communities, rats carry bacteria
 and dogs virus that cause diseases. In farmlands, carabaos work for
people, while cows, sheep and goats provide meat and milk. Rats
destroy crops and compete with humans for rice grains. In whatever
way, good or bad, mammals affect the ecosystems where they live.

F. APPLICATION:

Answer this in ½ Crosswise:

Since some of the Vertebrates are already endangered and nearly going to
extinction,
What can you do in-order to protect them?
(Students will answer the
Activity)
G. GENERALIZATION

Again, what are the five types of Vertebrates?

The Fish, Amphibians,

Reptiles, Birds and
Mammals.

Very Good!
What are the examples of Fish Again?

Sharks, Bangus, Tilapia,

etc.
(Students answers may
vary)

Correct!
How about Amphibians?
Any Examples?

Salamanders, toad or
frogs, etc.
(Students answers may
vary)

Very good!
Why is it called Amphibian again?
Because it lives in…Land or Sea?

Both sir.

Very good!
How about Reptiles? Any examples?

Lizards, Snakes,
 Crocodiles, Turtles, etc.
(Students answers may
vary)

What does Reptiles do?

Born an offspring or lay eggs?
Lay eggs sir.

Very good!
Same with bird they also lay eggs.

But how about Mamals?

What do they do? Do they also lay eggs?
Only the platypus and
anteater bird sir, the rest
of them no longer lay
eggs.

Very Good! I guess you really learned something this afternoon.

Any questions regarding the topic?

Nothing sir.

Very Good!
Lets Have a Quiz.
III. Evaluation:

Determine if what type of vertebrate is the following pictures: Answer:

 mammals 1. Fish
 birds 2. Fish
 Reptiles 3. Reptile
 amphibian 4. Reptile
 fish 5. Amphibian
6. Amphibian
7. Bird
8. BIrd
9. Mammal
10. Mammal

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
 9.

10.
On a sheet of paper, answer the following:
a. Why should decision always be sound?
b. When do you know that you’re doing a sound decisi
IV. Assignment:

Draw an example of food Chain in a bondpaper

(Students will pass it

next meeting)

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 8

SUBMITTED FROM:

VLADIMIR JALE

SUBMITTED TO:

MRS. GRACE ANTONIETTE M. VERGARA