FUNCTION TEMPLATE IN C++
Group members
Shiv Mehrotra-22BHI10166
Nathan Joseph Savio Pereira-22BCE11187
M Thanushhri- 23MEI10036
Adil-23MEI10031
Shamitha-23MIM10005
CONTENT
01 WHY IS FUNCTION TEMPLATE UNIQUE TO C++
02 WHAT IS FUNCTION TEMPLATE
03 FUNCTION TEMPLATE-SYNTAX
04 FUNCTION TEMPLATE-PARAMETERS
05 FUNCTION TEMPLATE-RETURN TYPE
06 CODE
07 USE OF FUNCTION TEMPLATE
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Why is Function Template Unique to C++
Yes, function templates are a distinctive feature of C++. While other languages offer
mechanisms for code reusability, function templates provide a unique approach. Here's a
breakdown of why they stand out:
Compile-time Code Generation
Strong Type Checking
Performance Benefits
Standard Template Library (STL)
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WHAT IS FUNCTION TEMPLATE
Function templates are a powerful feature in C++ that allow you to write generic
functions. These functions can work with different data types without needing to
write separate functions for each type. This makes your code more concise, reusable,
and type-safe.
Here's a breakdown of how function templates work:
1.Template declaration
2.Generic function body
3.Code generation at compile time
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WHAT IS FUNCTION TEMPLATE
Function templates make your code more concise and reusable. They also help to
prevent errors by ensuring that the data types used in the function are compatible.
Here are some of the benefits of using function templates:
1. Code reusability
2. Type safety
3.Improved code readability
22BCE11187
Function Template-Syntax
The syntax for function templates in C++ involves using the template keyword and
placeholders to define a generic function that can work with various data types. Here's a
breakdown of the key elements:
1. Template declaration:
template <typename identifier>
template: This keyword signals the beginning of a function template declaration.
<typename identifier>: This defines a placeholder for the data type that the template will
work with. The common convention is to use typename followed by a descriptive identifier
like T. You can also use class instead of typename.
Function Template-Syntax 22BCE11187
2. FUNCTION BODY:
THE FUNCTION BODY FOLLOWS THE STANDARD FUNCTION DEFINITION FORMAT, BUT
YOU USE THE PLACEHOLDER TYPE (IDENTIFIER) INSTEAD OF SPECIFIC DATA TYPES
WITHIN THE FUNCTION.
3.CALLING A FUNCTION TEMPLATE:
WHEN YOU CALL A FUNCTION TEMPLATE, YOU SPECIFY THE ACTUAL DATA TYPE YOU
WANT TO USE WITHIN THE ANGLE BRACKETS FOLLOWING THE FUNCTION NAME
Syntax 23MEI10036
T CALCULATE(T ARG1, T ARG2, CHAR OP) {
IF (OP == '+') {
RETURN ARG1 + ARG2;
} ELSE IF (OP == '-') {
RETURN ARG1 - ARG2;
} ELSE {
CERR << "UNSUPPORTED OPERATION: " << OP << STD::ENDL;
RETURN T();
}
}
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Function Template-parameters
EVERY TEMPLATE IS PARAMETERIZED BY ONE OR MORE TEMPLATE PARAMETERS.
THESE PARAMETERS ARE SPECIFIED IN THE PARAMETER-LIST OF THE TEMPLATE
DECLARATION.
TEMPLATE PARAMETERS CAN BE OF THREE TYPES:
NON-TYPE TEMPLATE PARAMETERS: THESE REPRESENT VALUES (SUCH AS
INTEGERS, CHARACTERS, OR POINTERS) THAT ARE PASSED AS ARGUMENTS
TO THE TEMPLATE.
TYPE TEMPLATE PARAMETERS: THESE ALLOW YOU TO PASS TYPES (SUCH AS
INT, DOUBLE, OR CUSTOM CLASSES) AS ARGUMENTS TO THE TEMPLATE.
TEMPLATE PARAMETERS: THESE ARE USED TO PASS OTHER TEMPLATES AS
ARGUMENTS TO THE TEMPLATE.
Syntax 23MEI10036
TEMPLATE <PARAMETER-LIST>
RETURN-TYPE FUNCTION-
NAME(PARAMETERS) { // FUNCTION
IMPLEMENTATION }
EXAMPLE 23MIM10005
1. PROGRAM WITH FUNCTION
2. PROGRAM WITH FUNCTION TEMPLETE
PROGRAMME:1
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PROGRAMME:2
Problem
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CREATE A FUNCTION TEMPLATE NAMED PROBLEM() THAT ACCEPTS THREE ARGUMENTS. THE FIRST
AND THIRD ARGUMENTS ARE GENERIC VALUES REPRESENTING VALUES A STUDENT WILL USE AS AN
ARITHMETIC DRILL PROBLEM. THE MIDDLE ARGUMENT IS A CHARACTER REPRESENTING A
MATHEMATICAL OPERATION SUCH AS ‘+’ OR ‘-’. THE PROBLEM() FUNCTION DISPLAYS THE FIRST
ARGUMENT, THE OPERATION SIGN, AND THE SECOND ARGUMENT ON THE SCREEN, AND ALLOWS THE
STUDENT TO INPUT AN ANSWER. THE FUNCTION RETURNS THE STUDENT ANSWER TO THE CALLING
PROGRAM; THE ANSWER IS THE SAME DATA TYPE AS THE FIRST AND THIRD FUNCTION ARGUMENTS.
WRITE A MAIN() FUNCTION TO DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF FUNCTION.
CODE 23MIM10005
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HERE'S A COMPARISON HIGHLIGHTING THESE
USABILITY ASPECTS:
CONCLUSION
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FUNCTION TEMPLATES ARE A POWERFUL FEATURE IN C++ THAT PROVIDE A UNIQUE
APPROACH TO GENERIC PROGRAMMING. THEY OFFER SIGNIFICANT BENEFITS FOR CODE
REUSABILITY, READABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY, AND POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE
IMPROVEMENTS.
HERE'S A SUMMARY OF THE KEY TAKEAWAYS:
1.GENERIC FUNCTIONS
2.COMPILE-TIME CODE GENERATION
3.TYPE SAFETY
4.CONCISE AND READABLE CODE
5.IMPROVED MAINTAINABILITY
IN CONCLUSION, FUNCTION TEMPLATES ARE A CORNERSTONE OF GENERIC
PROGRAMMING IN C++. THEY EMPOWER YOU TO WRITE CONCISE, REUSABLE, TYPE-
SAFE, AND POTENTIALLY PERFORMANT CODE, MAKING THEM A VALUABLE TOOL FOR
C++ PROGRAMMERS.
THANK YOU
