HVAC System Types

Direct-Expansion (DX) Chilled Water

Package Split Air Cooled Chiller

Water Cooled Chiller
+
Cooling Tower
Window Central Mini Central

Constant Volume Primary System

• High Wall • Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit
Roo op Ver cal • Floor/Under-Ceiling • Condensing Unit & AHU
• Casse e • VRF or VRV
• Concealed Primary/Secondary System
• Free Stand

Variable Primary Flow System

Air handling Unit (AHU) Fan Coil Unit (FCU)

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 Air Conditioning Systems
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems

Air-Cooled Condenser
DX System with Air-Cooled Condenser

Water-Cooled Condenser
DX System with Water-Cooled Condenser 11
 Air Conditioning Systems
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems
Package

Package: Window
Window Central

Roo op Ver cal

Window Air Condi oner

Cooling capacity range: up to about 2 TR

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 Air Conditioning Systems
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems Package

Central Package Window Central

Roo op Ver cal Roo op Ver cal

Roo op DX Packaged Unit Central DX Packaged Unit

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 Air Conditioning Systems
Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems

Mini Central

• High Wall • Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Floor/Under-Ceiling • Condensing Unit & AHU
• Casse e • VRF or VRV
• Concealed
• Free Stand

High Wall type Casse e type

“Ductless or Duct Free” & “Wall Mounted” “Ductless or Duct Free” & “Ceiling Mounted”

Cooling capacity range: up to about 3 TR (36000 BTU/h) Cooling capacity range: up to about 4.5 TR (54000 BTU/h)
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 Air Conditioning Systems
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems Split

Mini Central

• High Wall • Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Floor/Under-Ceiling • Condensing Unit & AHU
• Casse e • VRF or VRV
• Concealed
• Free Stand

Floor or Under-Ceiling type

“Ductless or Duct Free”
Cooling capacity range: up to about 4 TR (48000 BTU/h)
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 Air Conditioning Systems
Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems

Mini Central

• High Wall • Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Floor/Under-Ceiling • Condensing Unit & AHU
• Casse e • VRF or VRV
• Concealed
• Free Stand

Free –Stand type

“Ductless”
Cooling capacity range: 3 : 5 TR (36000 : 60000 BTU/h)
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 Air Conditioning Systems
Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems

Mini Central

• High Wall • Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Floor/Under-Ceiling • Condensing Unit & AHU
• Casse e • VRF or VRV
• Concealed
• Free Stand

Concealed type
Mini Central
“Ducted” & “Above Ceiling”

Cooling capacity range: up to about 5 TR (60000 BTU/h)

17
 Air Conditioning Systems Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems

Condensing unit + Evaporator Unit Mini Central

• Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Condensing Unit & AHU
• VRF or VRV

Evaporator Unit
“Ducted”

Central DX Split Units

Condensing Unit
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 Air Conditioning Systems Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems
Mini Central
Condensing unit + DX-Air Handling Unit
• Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit
DX • Condensing Unit & AHU
• VRF or VRV

Refrigerant pipes

DX-Air Handling Unit

Condensing unit (Air Cooled)

AHU
19
 Air Conditioning Systems Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems
VRF “Variable Refrigerant Flow” Systems Mini Central
Or VRV “Variable Refrigerant Volume” Systems

• Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Condensing Unit & AHU
• VRF or VRV

VRF systems can connect up

to 64 indoor units

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 Air Conditioning Systems Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems
VRF “Variable Refrigerant Flow” Systems Mini Central
Or VRV “Variable Refrigerant Volume” Systems

• Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Condensing Unit & AHU
• VRF or VRV
 The Variable Refrigerant Flow System has the ability to control the
amount of refrigerant flowing through the system.
 Simply, each FCU/AHU unit receives only the required amount of
refrigerant in order to meet the cooling load of the conditioned space.
 The Inverter Unit will Gradually Increases or Decreases its Capacity
based on the load by increasing or decreasing the rotation speed of the
motor.

21
 Air Conditioning Systems Split
1) DX “Direct-Expansion“ systems
VRF “Variable Refrigerant Flow” Systems Mini Central
Or VRV “Variable Refrigerant Volume” Systems

• Condensing Unit & Evaporator Unit

• Condensing Unit & AHU
• VRF or VRV

 Reference: Daikin Catalogue

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 Air Conditioning Systems
2) Chilled water systems
HVAC systems have chilled water flowing through the tubes of the cooling coil. These
systems are referred to as chilled water systems.

Shell-and-Tube Evaporator
23
 Air Conditioning Systems Chilled Water
2) Chilled water systems

Water Cooled Chiller Air Cooled Chiller

+
Cooling Tower

Chilled Water System with Water -Cooled Condenser Chilled Water System with Air -Cooled Condenser

In a chilled-water system, the chilled-water loop transports heat energy between the airside loop and the refrigeration loop.
It is comprised primarily of a cooling coil, a circulating pump, an evaporator, a control valve, and interconnecting piping.
24
 Air Conditioning Systems Chilled Water
2) Chilled water systems
Chilled Water System with Air -Cooled Condenser
Water Cooled Chiller Air Cooled Chiller
+
Cooling Tower

Advantages of Air Cooled Chillers

 Lower installed cost
 Quicker availability
 No cooling tower or condenser pump
required
 Less maintenance
 No mechanical room required

Air-Cooled Condenser
Air Cooled Chiller Air Cooled Chiller
25
 Air Conditioning Systems Chilled Water
2) Chilled water systems
Chilled Water System with Water -Cooled Condenser Water Cooled Chiller Air Cooled Chiller
+
Cooling Tower

Advantages of Water-Cooled
Chillers
 Higher efficiency
 Custom selection in larger sizes
 Large tonnage capabilities
 Indoor Chiller location
 Longer life

Water-Cooled Condenser
Water Cooled Chiller 26
 Air Conditioning Systems
2) Chilled water systems
Schema c of Chilled Water System with Air-Cooled Condenser

Air-Cooled Condenser

Compressor

27
 Air Conditioning Systems
2) Chilled water systems
Schema c of Chilled Water System with Air-Cooled Condenser

Schematic of chilled water system with Air-cooled Condenser 28

 Air Conditioning Systems
2) Chilled water systems
Schema c of Chilled Water System with Water-Cooled Condenser
Cooling AHU: Air Handling Unit
Fresh air
Filters Coil

Return Fan Supply air

air to
air condi oned
space

FCU:
Fan Coil Unit

29
 Air Conditioning Systems
2) Chilled water systems

Schema c of Chilled Water System with Water-Cooled Condenser

30
 Air Conditioning Systems
2) Chilled water systems

Chilled Water System with Water-Cooled Condenser

31