THE RELATIONSHIP OF TRAINING HOURS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

STUDENTS ATHLETES OF ACLC TACLOBAN

Canas, Trisha Anne P. Gravoso, Sofia Nicole S.

Artiaga, Ruffa A. Macanip, Desiree D.
Badilla, Jearralyn Mae L. Mendoza, Princes A.
Batica, Rochelle Cotin, Kurt Russell L.
Baximen, Kizhia Odal, John Lorens
Beltran, Jay Ann N. Pineda, Tracy Carl T.

Block 25 – ABM

A Research Project
Submitted in Fulfillment
of the Senior High School Program
Academic Track – ABM

ACLC College of Tacloban

Senior High School Department
Tacloban City, Leyte

2023
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TRAINING HOURS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
STUDENT ATHLETES OF ACLC TACLOBAN

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Many student-athletes struggle to balance their demanding training schedules with their academic

obligations. Sports and academics are often coequal priorities for student athletes. Their goal is to perform

well in contests and, in certain circumstances, move up to more competitive levels of play, such as

academic or professional sports. They are practicing for their individual sports with the hope of achieving

this goal. Student athletes must fulfill the same academic requirements as other students, which frequently

necessitates efficient time management and support systems. Despite having the added responsibilities of

practicing in sports, they must also meet these duties.

There have been several surveys examining student-athletes’ balancing of academics and sport. In

reply to the NCAA “GOALS” surveys, many student-athletes report spending upwards of 30 hours per

week on athletic commitments; they also report missing slightly more than one class per week on average

(NCAA 2016). However, the NCAA’s survey data indicate that student athletes spend more time on

academics than athletics (NCAA 2016), and some researchers find that athletes spend more time on

coursework than non-athlete peers (Miles 2015). In addition, Umbach et al. (2016) found that student

athletes were equally, if not more, academically engaged than non-athlete students.

The effects of intercollegiate sports participation on a student’s academic work are debatable.

Involvement in athletics might enhance academic achievement by fostering disciplined study habits as

well as providing the cognitive and emotional benefits that have been frequently demonstrated for

exercise (see Buckworth et al. 2013).

 An increasing body of study suggests that regular physical activity has benefits that extend well

beyond the individual's own physical wellbeing. As a result of the good effects that physical activity has

on mood, memory, focus, and classroom behavior in youngsters and adolescents, data suggests a link

between academic success and physical activity in school (Pandolfo, 2018). As a result, with the right

sports program, students’ academic performance can benefit from regular physical and training activity,

which is best achieved by understanding general sports training principles such as overloading,

reproducibility, advancement, personalization, sequence, and precision (Korey, 2019).

According to (Zhang et al., 2019), structured and complex sports are helpful to enhance a variety

of learning processes, including attention, presence, and inhibiting functions, all of which are critical for

achieving academic goals and developing life skills that are necessary for positive youth development.

However, advocates of classroom strength training have proposed that physical education and sport may

affect students’ academic improved performance either directly or indirectly through the accomplishment

of broader social objectives that have an effect on academic achievement. An increasing amount of

attention has been drawn to the subject of whether or not participation in sports and other forms of

physical activity can help to improve intellectual aspects of memory and concentration.

While the study of Billonid et. al. (2020) particularly showed that the relationship between sports

participation and academic achievement of the student-athletes was a positive correlation and

consequently proved that sports participation developed and boosted their academic excellence, self-

discipline, mental/cognitive development, and class participation, the study seeks to find the connection

between athletic participation and academic performance via time management link to further reinforce

sports involvement’s potency in enhancing memory, student’s concentration, learning efficiency and

eventually, academic achievement on a specified parameter.

The combined commitment of ACLC Tacloban student athletes, who devote significant hours to

sports training, may represent a barrier to their academic performance. The problem to be addressed in

this research is to investigate the nature of the relationship between training hours and academic
performance of these student athletes, in order to determine if greater training hours correlate with or

hamper academic progress. The research problem focuses on the variable of training hours. It aims to

investigate the amount of hours student-athletes commit to sports training, which varies greatly based on

the sport, level of competition, and individual preferences. The problem also addresses academic

performance, frequently determined by measure like GWA, scores, and graduation rate. The students’

academic achievement is represented by this variable.

Hence, understanding the precise impact of differences in training hours on the academic

performance of student-athletes at ACLC Tacloban has a large research gap. While some studies have

looked at the overall association between sports participation and academic performance, more in-depth

research into how the number of training hours affects academic performance and other academic

markers is lacking. Due to this gap, we are unable to offer recommendations based on data for tailoring

training plans and institutionally-specific support systems that take into account the particular

requirements of various sports and the needs of each student-athlete.

By adapting a thorough survey questionnaire that gathers precise information on the number of

training hours student-athletes devote to their sports activities, the gaps are meant to be filled. This survey

also gathers relevant demographic profiles, such as the kind of sports played, how many hours it took, and

academic performance (GWA).

The study’s objective are to examine the relationship between training hours and academic

performance of student-athletes at ACLC Tacloban and to offer evidence-based suggestions for

improving the balance between academics and athletics.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify the relationship of training hours and academic performance of

student athletes of ACLC Tacloban. This specifically aims to respond to the following queries:
 1. What is the demographic profile of the students:

a. Academic Performance (GWA)

b. Sports

c. Training Hours

2. How do the student athletes manage their time as a student and as an athletes?

3. Is there a significant relationship of the academic performance and the training hours of student

athletes?

Hypothesis

The following are the null and alternative of this research:

H0 There is no significant relationship between training hours and academic performance among

student athletes at ACLC Tacloban.

H1 There is a significant relationship between training hours and academic performance among

student athletes at ACLC Tacloban.

Scope and Limitation

The study focuses on student athletes of ACLC Tacloban this school year 2023-2024, it

specifically examines the relationship between training hours and the academic performance of student

athletes. The student athletes covered in the study are those who are officially recognized and supported

by ACLC Tacloban.
 This study's scope is confined to senior high school student athletes at ACLC Tacloban,

exclusively focusing on recognized members of the official sport group, the Spartans. Non-affiliated

sports and students from other grade levels are not considered. The research employs a straightforward

survey questionnaire and official academic records for data collection, potentially overlooking intricate

details. Furthermore, the investigation exclusively examines the correlation between training hours and

academic performance, neglecting the influence of other possible factors. Consequently, the study's

outcomes might lack broader applicability beyond the specific context of ACLC Tacloban, limiting

generalizability. It's crucial to bear these constraints in mind when interpreting and extrapolating the

findings.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will merit the following:

Student Athletes. This study will assist student athletes in striking a balance between their training

schedules and their academic obligations future athletes. This study will help the future athletes to know

what the pros are and cons in training hours as an athlete they will also have an idea on how they will

manage their time as a student and at the same time an athlete.

Teachers. This study will help the teachers to understand the situation of student athletes training hours

and give a sample amount of time to the athletes for their academic performances

Coaches. Coaches of athletes are professional who provide guidance, instruction and support to athletes

in order to enhance their performance and help them achieve their goals future researchers.

Future Researchers. Will be able to improve and broaden their investigations into the number of hours

that athletes train as a result of the current studies. This might be a good place to learn about the benefits

of atheism and how athletes balance their time between being athletes and being students
Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

The major concept of this study is focused on “The Relationship of Training Hours and Academic

Performance of Student Athletes of ACLC Tacloban.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Demographic Profile of the  Collection and analysis  Relationship of training

students: through survey hours and academic

questionnaire. performance: it could

a. Academic Performance (GWA)
either be positive or
b. Kind of Sports negative correlation.

c. Training Hours  Management strategies of

student athletes.
 Management of time of

student athletes.

 Significant relationship of

the academic performance

and the training hours of

student athletes.

Theoretical Framework
 There are two theoretical perspective regarding “The Relationship of Training Hours and

Academic Performance”. The first theory named as the Involvement Theory of Astin that was developed

in 1999 and was introduced as indication to the undergraduate extracurricular experiences.

This theory pertained to the students who were involved to variety of activities may also impacted

the formal education and academic performances of each student dealing with their athletic trainings.

There were numerous studies that as individual student might be satisfied depending on the time allotted

for them whether sufficient or exact. The concept of student engagement is used as a pedagogical theory

to investigate the student experience and learn more about how educational programs and policies affect

student accomplishment and growth. It also defined an involved student as one who spent a significant

amount of time on campus, participated actively in student organizations, and communicated often with

faculty members and other students. Astin's hypothesis explained actual knowledge from a number of

psychological and learning pedagogies concerning environmental influences on student development

(Lacovene, n.d.).

FIGURE 1. Involvement Theory Paradigm

According to Foreman & Retallick (n.d.) that this theory used for the theoretical framework of

their study where student involvement, including classroom, out-of-classroom and curricular activities

were assessed. In addition, the theory was suitable for the organization of both in-class and out-of-class

experiences dealing with the academic performances and goals of the students.

The second theory proposed by the researcher was the ALEN Method theory where it emphasized

rigorous task planning and organization. It entails identifying all tasks, estimating the time required for

each of them, providing extra buffer time for unanticipated scenarios, deciding on task priority, and

assessing completed ones for reflection and improvement. Furthermore, the ALPEN technique provided a

comprehensive framework for successful task management, allowing users to allocate time intelligently,

prioritize jobs, and govern their schedules (Taylor, 2023).

 In relation to the study, this theory was a structured approach to task management that

emphasized planning, time estimation, and strategic prioritization. It could be useful in a research study

on the relationship between training hours and academic performance among student athletes at ACLC

Tacloban. By implementing this method, athletes could optimize their time management, allocate

sufficient time for each task, and account for unforeseen circumstances, minimizing stress and

maximizing productivity. Reflecting on completed tasks and identifying areas for improvement can help

refine study and training strategies, leading to enhanced academic performance and athletic achievements.

Definition of Terms

For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this study, following terms are

defined conceptually and operationally.

Academic Performance. According to Dr. Delfino, It refer to students’ learning and professional

development, which is predicted by the time and energy they devote to educationally purposely

activities. In this study academic performance is represented through the General Weighted

Average.

Student Athletes. In the context of our study, refer to individuals enrolled in senior high school

at ACLC Tacloban who actively participate in sports, particularly members of the officially

recognized sport group, the Spartans. Student-athletes can be defined as a small population of

students at each educational institution who attend classes full-time and participate actively in

sports activities. (Diersen, 2005).

Training Hours. Are the total hours dedicated to structured sports-related activities, including

practice sessions, physical conditioning, skill development, and competitive events, aimed at

enhancing their athletic prowess and performance.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The research paper's main topic will be presented in this chapter along with a variety of studies

and literature that are relevant to it, both internationally and locally. These literature and studies will be

categorized based on certain factors, which will serve as a basis for the chapter's related works. The

related works by other authors that the researchers used to support the paper are reviewed in this chapter.

Related Literature

These articles from different authors claim that sports induce positive effects on a student, not

only academic performance but also the physical, mental, emotional, and even rational aspects of an

individual.

Numerous health benefits arise from engaging in physical activity (PA). Increased

cardiorespiratory endurance, improved musculoskeletal and vascular health, and less fatigue are all linked

to higher levels of PA. These advantages apply to other levels as well, such the psychological one, in

addition to the physical. One study, for instance, found that moderate physical activity (PA) is associated

with improved overall well-being in European teenagers aged 14 to 16, as seen by the participants'

decreased levels of stress and melancholy. The goal of young people to engage in physical activity in the

future is another psychological element associated with. Research indicates that teenagers who have an

intention to engage in physical activity do better on tests of endurance and speed. Research indicates that

teenagers who have the desire to engage in physical activity do better on tests of endurance and speed.
 Also, Herman Melville (n.d.) stated that doing sport activities enhances the physique and physical

capability of student-athletes and this result to a healthy student who can focus more on his studies and do

a lot better in everyday things. The essay added that sports teach students how to be a team player and

maturity towards success. This leads to a more productive individual that helps in achieving academic

success. Furthermore, an article from Florida National University (2019), being an athlete helps a person

to be active not only physically but also mentally. Miami Dolphins, a professional American Football

team are not only into sports but also, they are well- educated individuals. They also mentioned that

physically active person is not only healthier but also it helps the mind or brain to function well.

They become more effective and proficient individuals. But in other cases, some serious and highly-level

athletes can manage their schedules to accomplish all the requirements for their academic concerns. In

contrast to that, there are also student-athletes that have difficulties in their schedules. Concerning this,

involving in some extracurricular activities can somehow affect academic performances because of lack

of time management and also, they have difficulties in balancing both commitments they have chosen.

Additionally, Burns et al. (2020) found that physical activity that increased caloric expenditure

above resting energy expenditure was a positive health behavior that has been consistently associated

with improved performance areas such as cognitive functioning, school grades, and classroom behavior.

Burns et al. also found that school-based sports programs that are designed to improve physical activity

among students were correlated with higher levels of physical activity and improved cardiorespiratory

endurance, which may, in turn, have positive effects on the students’ cognitive domain and academic

performance. Sports participation can also improve student athletes’ perceptions of academic excellence,

their mental processes, and their ability to be more logical and patient (Montecalbo-Ignacio et al., 2017).

However, aside from physical benefits, it can also extend to academic or intellectual aspects.

Certain research (Riciputi et al., 2017) studies on how kids' participation in sports affects their academic

performance and how critical thinking skills are developed. One of the primary objectives of education at

all levels is the holistic development of learners establishments nowadays. Academic work should not be
the only thing taught in schools concentrate on other performance-related tasks, such playing sports. The

improvement of students' critical thinking skills (Abril et al., 2022) their capacity for inquiry and the

capacity for innovation are unattainable for a learner who lacks physical fitness (Amazona and Allegado,

2018). To improve their physical health, students should participate in extracurricular activities as well.

(Rodriguez and Abocejo, 2018).

The improved cognition associated with increased physical activity can also help improve

academic performance. According to Álvarez-Bueno et al. (2017), the development of core executive

functions, including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, and metacognition, has been

associated with positive classroom behaviors and academic achievement among children. Álvarez-Bueno

et al. found that physical activity improved classroom behavior and various aspects of academic

achievement, especially in reading and mathematics-related skills. Ballester et al. (2018) studied the

relationship between different types of sports expertise (self-paced vs. externally-paced sports) on the

vigilance performance of 20 children with a mean age of 11. Vigilance performance or sustained attention

is the child’s capacity to maintain attention over time and react efficiently to different kinds of stimuli.

Ballester et al. found that there was a positive

On the other side, there are also student athletes who engage in behavior that hinders academic

performance in other ways as well, not just in terms of the beneficial effects.

In an article by Oppenheimer (2015), titled “Why Student Athletes Continue to Fail” a narrative

about Ohio State’s quarterback, Cardale Jones, rejection of becoming a pro-athlete and pursuing college

grabbed the attention of many sports fans. It has been stated that in the past, Jones has tweeted about

dismissing the importance of studying due to this many have doubted his sincerity in his statement of

pursuing college first. Although Jones has said that he regrets his tweet and is currently talking about

“#StudentBeforeAthlete.” Despite the attempts of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)

to make it clear that the student-athletes maintain the balance of their academic and athletic responsibility,

there have been claims that being a student does not seem to come as the primary obligation of student-
athletes. As the public views the student athletes more as an athlete rather than a student, their athletic

performance given more attention and praise and overshadowing their academic performance in.

As indicated before, the academic community has expressed worry over student-athletes who fail

to fulfill their academic obligations. Events such as these might impact a student's overall performance.

As seen by Cardale Jones' actions, a student-athlete's perspectives on their academic obligations may

evolve over time, but they are still subject to the pressure and expectations of the public, which impacts

them in both their roles as athletes and students.

Herman Melville (n.d.) stated that sports are major source of distraction from education, which is

one of the main reasons they have a negative impact on students’ academic performance. A student’s

concentration changes from learning to improving at their chosen sports when they begin participating in

school sports. Another activity that takes up people’s time and attention is sports.

Related Studies

Despite this positive findings, this review aims to extend the exploration by examining the role of

time management in enhancing memory, concentration, learning efficiency, and, ultimately, academic

performance among student-athletes.

To begin, Trudeau and Shepard insights, articulated by Stucko (2018), participating in an

extracurricular activity that includes physical activity (school sport) results in an increased academic

performance and higher-grade point averages among student-athletes. This was found 14 to be largely due

to positive correlation between participation and increased memory, concentration, and conscientious

classroom behavior. This means that positive effects are shown by the students who participate in

athletics because this participation can lead to a more participative behavior during academic activities

and school hours.

 Moreover, "Academic Achievement as Influenced by Sports Participation in Selected Universities

in the Philippines" it was examined that the relationship between sports involvement and academic

success of the sample population of 36 randomly selected collegiate athletes that participated in National

State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association Competition. The result showed that sports

participation and academic success linked together. Being involved in sports developed and build-up self-

discipline, mental/cognitive development and class participation in school. It also influences the memory

of the students, concentration towards lessons, increases learning efficiency, attain higher school grade

and achieve a degree of academic success. (Montelcalbo-Ignacio et al., 2017)

O’Bryan as mentioned in Singleton (2016), thirty varsity sports participation was a significant

positive predictor of college preparedness and that participation in athletics does not deter students from

academics. Athletic participation led to more parental involvement, which had positive impact on student

performance. This states that involvement in sport activities by student-athletes can positively influence

their performance during class hours and these involvements can let parents have more quality time with

their children through watching the games they play.

A study on sixty (60) students claimed that there are four areas that student-athletes must commit

to and focus on daily: academics, sports, personal development, and career development (Billonid, et al.,

2020). While academics tags the students’ primary focus in the school environment, co-curricular and /or

extracurricular activities could not be denied their function in creating well-rounded individuals since

“our learners need outlets through co-curricular or extra-curricular activities to ease their stress, tension,

and anxieties brought by the health crisis. Co-curricular activities have been proven to bring positive

impact on the health and well-being of our learners,” Director Leila Areola, the Philippine Bureau of

Learning Delivery (BLD) explained (Department of Education Philippines, 2022). While the study of

Billonid et al. (2020) particularly showed that the relationship between sports participation and academic

achievement of the student-athletes was a positive correlation and consequently proved that sports

participation developed and boosted their academic excellence, self-discipline, mental/cognitive

development, and class participation, this study seeks to find the connection between athletic participation

and academic performance via time management link to further reinforce sports involvement’s potency in

enhancing memory, student’s concentration, learning efficiency and eventually, academic achievement on

a specified parameter. The importance of time management over and across fields of practice cannot be

denied empirically and practically. Various models and theories designed by many researchers gained

popularity in the recent past promising systematic and efficient management of time mainly for

heightening productivity levels of the multi-engaged individuals of a fast changing world.

In addition, based on the study conducted by Nordito, S, Quimbo et al. (2023) they claimed that

several factors related to student-athletes' demographic profiles may interact with their relationships with

sports participation, time management, and academic performance, the study also states that the time

management methods used by student-athletes and the amount of time each spends to complete identified

major student and athletic activities have a significant impact on academic performance at a given level.

Apart from it’s positive finding, it also extends to how the behavior of student athletes hinders

academic performance.

Specifically, according to Rothschild-Checroune, et al.(2013) participating in extracurricular

activities such as sports requires time and effort to be qualified for it. Commitments in this kind of

activities negatively affect students academically. They tend to focus more on practices, training, games,

and meetings than in their academic concerns. By this article, time commitments in sports can affect the

performance of a student academically and cannot able to manage time because of the concerns of being

an athlete.

Previous research has shown that athletics can increase self-esteem, social status, and future

success in education. At-risk students and students with academic problems have also been shown to

perform better when involved in athletics.” However, Fenton (2015) “contradicts the findings of the

studies mentioned above and stated that sometimes being a talented athlete can seem to inherently
contradict academic success. The closer an individual get to college, the greater the pressure he/she face

to play at very best, which can mean a schedule packed full of practices and training. With so much time

and effort spent on athletics, academic rigor can feel like an unnecessary extra stressor to student-athletes.

The pressures of winning the game preserve self-discipline in sports also conflict with scheduled time of

studies and motivation to achieve a high grade.” Based on the contradicting findings of studies and

literature reviewed, the researchers were motivated to conduct related research regarding participation in

school athletics of the high school students. This also aimed to contribute to the dearth of existing

knowledge (Subia, 2018) regarding the field of sports focused on the significance of involvement in

school athletics to the students' motivation, self-discipline, study habits, and their academic performance.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides a detailed guide on the research process, including the chosen method,

participants, setting, instrumentation, and data gathering. It outlines the quantitative research design,

effective instrumentation, data collection steps, and proper paper utilization and creation for efficient

progress to the next chapter.

Research Design

Quantitative research will be employed to analyze the numerical relationship between training

hours and academic performance. This study, “The Relationship of Training Hours and Academic

Performance of Student Athletes of ACLC Tacloban” will use a correlational research approach to

examine the relationship between training hours and academic performance. Correlational research is a

type of non-experimental research that facilitates prediction and explanation of the relationship among

variables (Euclid Seeram, 2019). Thus, (Curtis et al) published a comprehensive article focusing on

evidence based practice in health care, stressing the importance and use of correlational research design.

Six Researchers measure two or more variables to investigate the extent to which the variables are related.

(Coyle, 2019) summarized that correlational research can uncover variables that are interacting and the

type of interaction that is occurring, which allows the researcher to make predictions based on the

discovered relationships. Furthermore, a statistical test such as a correlational statistic can determine the

relationship objectively.
Research Locale

The study will be conducted at the ACLC College of Tacloban, located in Real St., Tacloban

City, Leyte, Philippines. ACLC was established in 1986 and is now one of the dominant providers of

globally recognized I.T. and hospitality-based education in the region. The school offers academic tracks

for senior high school students, and various courses for college.

ACLC Tacloban regularly organizes intramural sports competitions, such as basketball,

volleyball, badminton, and track and field events. These competitions serve as platforms for student

athletes to showcase their talents, and compete against their peers within the school community. The

school's sports teams often qualify and compete in regional and national-level competitions, bringing

honor and recognition to ACLC Tacloban. These competitions demonstrate the caliber of athletes

nurtured within the school and highlight the institution's commitment to excellence in sports. Certain

sports activities consistently stand out in every school event, whether it be intramurals, assemblies, or

special occasions. Basketball, volleyball, and badminton are among the most popular and widely

anticipated sports activities, drawing significant attention and participation from students, faculty, and the

local community.

By acknowledging ACLC Tacloban's participation and success in various sports competitions and

activities, we emphasize the vibrant sports culture and achievements that contribute to the school's

identity and enrich the experiences of its student athletes. This further underscores the significance of our

research focus on understanding the relationship between training hours and academic performance

within this dynamic sporting environment.

Research Participant
 The respondents in this study are the whole population of student athletes, from senior high

school to college students, at ACLC College of Tacloban. These 164 student athletes are the official

Spartans. These researchers chose these 164 respondents as they will be the main beneficiaries of this

paper when the statement of the problem is answered by the analysis of the data gathered in the next

chapters.

The research will use simple random sampling to gather information through survey

questionnaires among 164 Spartans from different fields of sport (basketball, volleyball, badminton, table

tennis, taekwondo, sipak takraw, chess, gymnastics, etc.). The researchers gave the survey questionnaires

to 94 senior high schools and 70 college Spartans. The sampling technique that will be used in this study

is simple random sampling, wherein the sample selected is based on the populations of Spartans from

different fields of sports. The proponents will use this sampling technique to determine the relationship of

training hours and academic performance of student athletes of ACLC Tacloban.

Research Instrument

The method that the researchers use as the instrument is survey method through getting the

general weighted mean from the Likert Scale the respondents will answer based on the statement of the

problems in given questionnaires. Survey method is defined as “questioning individuals on a topic or

topics and then describing their responses” (Jackson, 2011). This was used because it gathered data faster

than any other method. According to Sir Francis Galton, a British anthropologist, explorer and statistician

in late 1800. By a questionnaire, quantitative data can be gathered in a uniform manner to ensure that the

data are internally coherent and consistent for analytical purposes.

The questionnaire is designed to gather data on various aspects of the participant's experience as a

student-athlete. It includes questions about demographic information, academic performance metrics such

as General Weighted Average (GWA), details of sports participation, the amount of time dedicated to
training, strategies employed for time management, and any additional comments or insights the

participant wishes to provide. The large amount of data that will be analyzed by the researchers will

describe how the respondents answer through rating the statements in Strongly Agree (5), Agree (4),

Neutral (3), Disagree (2), and Strongly Disagree (1) and the results will be computed through general

weighted mean.

Likert’s Scale

Numerical Scale Verbal Initial

Description Interpretation

5 4.50-5.0 Strongly Agree SA

4 3.50-4.49 Agree A

3 2.50-3.49 Neutral N

2 1.59-2.24 Disagree D

1 1.0-1.49 Strongly Disagree SD

Data Collection

The information of this study was gathered through survey questionnaire that the researchers

adopted. The researchers wrote a letter to ask permission from the principal of the school, Mrs. Maylyn

M. Milado, to conduct the research. After the principal sign the letter, the researchers will now ensure that

the respondents are available by initiating an initial inquiry in the designated room, seek permission from

the respective teacher in the classroom to conduct the survey. Then greet everyone inside the room with

politeness and expertise. The researchers will provide a brief and formal introduction to the purpose and

significance of the survey then hand out the survey questionnaire to the participants and offer guidance
and clear instructions on how to complete the survey. The respondents will be given a maximum of 20

minutes to thoroughly respond to the survey questions. The researchers will be present to address any

queries or concerns that may come up during the survey process, and after the respondents finished the

survey, the researchers express gratitude to both participants and the supervising teacher for their time

and cooperation. Lastly, collect the completed surveys and analyze the gathered data.

Data Analysis

The data used in this study were gathered through survey. Since this is the scenario, the answers

to the survey questions will be consolidated and analyzed using the following statistical treatments:

First, data validation involves assessing the accuracy of a collected data sample, dividing it into

four stages: fraud, screening, procedure, and completeness. It ensures that participants are chosen

ethically, and that all questions are answered, thereby preventing biased samples. Second, Editing Data,

Large study data samples are often filled with mistakes. Incorrect or accidentally skipped responses

sometimes appear in certain fields. Researchers must ensure that the data they have been provided is

error-free through a procedure known as data editing. To modify the raw edit and get it suitable for

analysis, they must perform the required checks and outlier checks. Third, the mean, frequency count, and

percentage will be used to present the socio-demographic profile of the participants. Fourth, frequency,

mean, and standard deviation will be used in determining the participants use of time. Lastly, Pearson's

correlation coefficient will be use in determining if there a significant relationship between two variables

(Shaun Turney, 2023)